颜色的设备相关性导致电子地图在跨媒介再现时容易出现色彩变形以及地理信息错误传输等问题.本文分析了电子地图色域的特征,提出了一种基于SOM(Self-Organizing Maps)神经网络的色域映射方法.针对神经网络方法没有顾及电子地图色域映射过程中的色彩空间权重以及神经网络中邻域函数的各向同性假设不适用于地图色域这两个问题,提出了改进方法.将本文方法与ICC(International Color Consortium)感知再现、绝对色度再现色域映射方法进行了对比,结果表明本文方法能够很好的保持地图整体色差,能够提高电子地图颜色复制精度.
Device-dependency of color introduces such problems as color distortion and error geographic information transmission when electronic maps represent in multiple-medias.Based on the analysis of the characteristics of map gamut, a gamut mapping method based on SOM(Self-Organizing Maps) neural network is proposed.In this method, the weight factor of map color is considered and the neighborhood function, which is anisotropic in map color, is modified.The experiments indicate that our proposed method performs better than the ICC(International Color Consortium) perceptual intent and absolute colorimetric intent on keeping overall color difference.This method can also improve the reproduction accuracy of electronic map colors.
吴明光, 郑培蓓, 崔丽丽. 电子地图色域映射的SOM神经网络方法[J]. 电子学报, 2015, 43(6): 1108-1112.
WU Ming-guang, ZHENG Pei-bei, CUI Li-li. Gamut Mapping of Electronic Map Based on SOM Neural Network. Chinese Journal of Electronics, 2015, 43(6): 1108-1112.
[1] K J Patrick.Hillshading of terrain using layer tints with aspect-variant luminosity[J].Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 2004, 31(2):67-77.
[2] J Bernhard, H Lorenz.Swiss-style colour relief shading modulated by elevation and by exposure to illumination[J].The Cartographic Journal, 2006, 43(3):198-207.
[3] K Melanie, H Lorenz.How to enhance cartographic visualisations of natural hazards assessment results[J].The Cartographic Journal, 2011, 48(1):60-71.
[4] F David, A Gennady, A Natalia, et al.Representation and its relationship with cartographic visualization[J].Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 2001, 28(1):13-28.
[5] 罗雪梅, 曾平, 王莹, 王义峰.基于色调恒常空间的色彩管理[J].电子学报, 2010, 38(11):2660-2668. LUO Xue-mei, ZENG Ping, WANG Ying, WANG Yi-feng.Color management using a hue-constancy color space[J].Acta Electronical Sinica, 2010, 38(11):2660-2668.(in Chinese)
[6] 卫保国, 沈兰荪, 蔡轶珩.虚拟标准显色设备——跨网络色彩重现的新方案[J].电子学报, 2003, 31(12):1828-1831. WEI Bao-guo, SHEN Lan-sun, CAI Yi-heng.Virtual standard color device:a new solution to cross-network color reproduction[J].Acta Electronical Sinica, 2003, 31(12):1828-1831.(in Chinese)
[7] G Phil, K Michael.Color Management:Understanding and Using ICC Profiles[M].Wiltshire:John Wiley & Sons, 2010.45-48.
[8] 王莹, 曾平.一种基于图像空间频率特征的色域匹配算法[J].计算机应用研究, 2004, 21(10):120-122. Wang Ying, Zeng Ping.Agamut mapping method based on the spatial frequency of color image[J].Application Research of Computers, 2004, 21(10):120-122.(in Chinese)
[9] H Y Jon.Recentadvances in acquisition and reproduction of multispectral images[A].14th European Signal Processing Conference[C].Florence, Italy:EURASIP, 2006.1-5.
[10] M Yuri, F Ken, Y Masahiro, et al.Colorreproduction from low-SNR multispectral images using spatio-spectral Wiener estimation[J].Optics Express, 2008, 16(6):4106-4120.
[11] N Gianluca, P Paolo, S Raimondo.S-CMS:Towards the definition of a spectral color management system[J].Colore e Colorimetria:Contributi Multidisciplinari, Collana Quaderni di Ottica e Fotonica, 2005, 19(13):9-14.
[12] R R Mitchell, D W Maxim.Spectral gamut and spectral gamut mapping[A].Spectral Imaging:Eighth International Symposium on Multispectral Color Science[C].San Jose, California, USA:SPIE, 2006.60620K-1-11.
[13] B A Cynthia.Evaluation of amodel for predicting simultaneous contrast on color maps[J].The Professional Geographer, 1997, 49(3):280-294.
[14] K Teuvo.Self-organized formation of topologically correct feature maps[J].Biological Cybernetics, 1982, 43(1):59-69.
[15] Liu Yonggang, W H Robert.Patterns of ocean current variability on the west florida shelf using the self-organizing map[J].Journal of Geophysical Research, 2005, 110(6):6003-6007.
[16] U Philipp, G R Rolf.Gamutboundary determination by sampling an inverse printer model[A].NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference, 2002 International Conference on Digital Printing Technologies[C].San Diego, California:Society for Imaging Science and Technology, 2002.778-781.
[17] H Mark, B A Cynthia.ColorBrewer.org:An online tool for selecting color schemes for maps[J].The Cartographic Journal, 2003, 40(1):27-37.
2015, Vol. 43 
