Design of a Multi-Beam Horn Antenna Based on a Ridge Waveguide Multi-Mode Network in the Y-Band

ZHAO Yun; MU Yunxi

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20250632

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Design of a Multi-Beam Horn Antenna Based on a Ridge Waveguide Multi-Mode Network in the Y-Band

CORRESPONDENCE | 更新时间：2026-06-22

- Design of a Multi-Beam Horn Antenna Based on a Ridge Waveguide Multi-Mode Network in the Y-Band
- ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA Vol. 54, Issue 1, Pages: 479-486(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  南京信息工程大学电子与信息工程学院，江苏南京210044
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  National Natural Science Foundation of China(61801230)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250632
  CLC： TN822;
- Received：17 July 2025，
  
  Accepted：16 January 2026，
  
  Published：25 January 2026
- 稿件说明：
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赵芸, 穆云希. Y波段基于脊波导多模网络的多波束喇叭天线的研究[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(01): 479-486.

ZHAO Yun, MU Yunxi. Design of a Multi-Beam Horn Antenna Based on a Ridge Waveguide Multi-Mode Network in the Y-Band[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(01): 479-486.
赵芸, 穆云希. Y波段基于脊波导多模网络的多波束喇叭天线的研究[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(01): 479-486. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250632

ZHAO Yun, MU Yunxi. Design of a Multi-Beam Horn Antenna Based on a Ridge Waveguide Multi-Mode Network in the Y-Band[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(01): 479-486. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250632

摘要

为了使高频无线通信系统实现高效的信号覆盖与系统容量提升，多波束天线技术发挥着不可替代的作用。然而，现有主流方案存在显著瓶颈：传统巴特勒矩阵在高频下插入损耗大且结构复杂；透镜与反射面天线体积庞大，难以满足紧凑化需求；而传统基片集成波导（Substrate Integrated Waveguide，SIW）多模波束形成网络则受限于窄带宽与高介质损耗。针对上述挑战，本文提出一种工作于Y波段（170~260 GHz）的紧凑型宽带多波束喇叭天线，旨在克服现有技术局限，为亚毫米波通信提供一种低损耗、易加工且性能优异的解决方案。本文设计的天线结构主要由脊波导传输线、脊波导多模网络、周期槽移相器及喇叭天线4部分构成。为了突破传统多模波束形成网络带宽窄和旁瓣高的限制，引入单侧脊波导结构改变了波导内部的电磁场分布，电场高度集中于脊缝区域，这在等效电路中相当于增加了并联电容，降低了截止频率，从而显著拓宽了多模波束形成网络的工作频带。同时，采用周期槽移相器作为相位优化的关键组件。移相器加载于与多模波束形成网络输出端口6和7相连的波导中，结构上由多个从波导宽边向外凸出的矩形槽周期性排列组成。基于波导不连续点产生的相位延迟理论，通过调整特定端口的相位延迟，补偿了脊波导多模网络固有的相位偏差，使整体输出相位分布趋于平缓。仿真分析证实，该结构能有效抑制副瓣辐射并增强波束增益。对设计的天线进行制造与测试验证，天线整体采用铝合金材质，并通过高精度计算机数控（Computer Numerical Control，CNC）铣削工艺进行制备。为了减小装配误差，结构采用了H面分裂式加工，并预留适量定位销孔以确保腔体精确对准。测试结果表明，设计的天线在175~225 GHz频率范围内实现了25%的相对阻抗带宽，4个馈电端口的反射系数均低于-10 dB，且端口隔离度良好。在辐射性能方面，测得的4个波束最大覆盖±30°的波束扫描范围。在工作频段内，天线实现了最大增益超过15.6 dBi且增益波动小于3 dB的宽带辐射特性，且口径效率保持在48%以上。

Abstract

To achieve efficient signal coverage and system capacity enhancement in high-frequency wireless communication system

multi-beam antenna technology plays an irreplaceable role. The sub-millimeter wave band has become a key frontier for next-generation communication systems. However

existing mainstream solutions face significant bottlenecks: traditional Butler matrices suffer from high insertion loss and complex structures at high frequencies; lens and reflector antennas are bulky

making it difficult to meet compactness requirements; and traditional substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) multi-mode networks are limited by narrow bandwidths and high dielectric loss. Addressing these challenges

this paper proposes a compact broadband multi-beam horn antenna operating in the Y-band (170~260 GHz)

aimed at overcoming existing technical limitations and providing a low-loss

easy-to-fabricate

and high-performance solution for sub-millimeter wave communications. The structure of the designed antenna consists of four parts: ridge-waveguide transmission lines

a ridge-waveguide multi-mode network

periodic slot phase shifters

and a horn antenna. To overcome the limitations of narrow bandwidth and high sidelobes in traditional multi-mode beamforming networks

single-ridged waveguide structure is introduced to alter the internal electromagnetic field distribution. The electric field is highly concentrated in the ridge region

which acts as an added shunt capacitor in the equivalent circuit. Therefore

the cutoff frequency is lowered

significantly broadening the operating bandwidth of the multi-mode beamforming network. Additionally

periodic slot phase shifters are designed as key optimization components to the phase adjustment of the designed antenna. The phase shifters are loaded into the waveguides connected to the output ports 6 and 7 of the multi-mode network. The shifters consist of periodically arranged rectangular slots protruding outward from the waveguide’s broad wall. Based on the theory of phase delay caused by waveguide discontinuities

the inherent phase deviation of the ridge waveguide multi-mode network is compensated

making the overall output phase distribution flatter. Simulation analysis confirms that the designed antenna obtains suppressed sidelobe radiation and enhanced beam gain. The designed antenna is fabricated and measured

the entire antenna is made with aluminum alloy with high-precision computer numerical control (CNC) milling method. To minimize assembly errors

the structure adopts an H-plane split-block design with alignment pin holes reserved to ensure precise cavity alignment. Measurement results show that the antenna achieves a 25% relative impedance bandwidth within the 175~225 GHz range

with reflection coefficients for all four feeding ports below -10 dB and great port isolation. The four synthesized beams cover a maximum scanning range of ±30°. Within the operating band

the antenna achieves broadband radiation characteristics with a peak gain exceeding 15.6 dBi

a gain fluctuation of less than 3 dB

and an aperture efficiency maintained above 48%.

关键词

Keywords

references

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