Hummingbird Hawkmoth-Inspired Omnidirectional Adaptive Piezoelectric Vibration Generator

PAN Xingyu; WANG Yangyang; ZHANG Jiahao; WANG Guangqing

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20251011

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Hummingbird Hawkmoth-Inspired Omnidirectional Adaptive Piezoelectric Vibration Generator

PAPERS | 更新时间：2026-10-16

- Hummingbird Hawkmoth-Inspired Omnidirectional Adaptive Piezoelectric Vibration Generator
- ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA Vol. 54, Issue 6, Pages: 2706-2726(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.浙江工商大学信息与电子工程学院，浙江杭州 310018
  2.浙江工商大学萨塞克斯人工智能学院，浙江杭州 310018
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  National Natural Science Foundation of China(52475611);Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LY24E070002)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20251011
  CLC： TN712;
- Received：11 February 2026，
  
  Accepted：02 June 2026，
  
  Published：25 June 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
潘兴宇, 王杨洋, 张家豪, 等. 受蜂鸟鹰蛾启发的仿生全向自适应压电振动发电机研究[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(06): 2706-2726.

PAN Xingyu, WANG Yangyang, ZHANG Jiahao, et al. Hummingbird Hawkmoth-Inspired Omnidirectional Adaptive Piezoelectric Vibration Generator[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(06): 2706-2726.
潘兴宇, 王杨洋, 张家豪, 等. 受蜂鸟鹰蛾启发的仿生全向自适应压电振动发电机研究[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(06): 2706-2726. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20251011

PAN Xingyu, WANG Yangyang, ZHANG Jiahao, et al. Hummingbird Hawkmoth-Inspired Omnidirectional Adaptive Piezoelectric Vibration Generator[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(06): 2706-2726. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20251011

摘要

随着物联网技术的快速发展，海量低功耗微纳器件（如无线传感器节点）的供电问题日益突出。传统电池供电方式面临更换频繁、维护成本高、环境污染严重等挑战，因此发展自供电技术成为当前研究的热点。压电振动发电机因其能量密度高、结构简单、易于集成等优势，在解决低功耗器件自供电问题方面展现出巨大潜力。本文受蜂鸟鹰蛾在空中悬停时展现出的强稳定性调控能力启发，提出了一种仿生蜂鸟鹰蛾的无源全向自适应压电振动发电机。该发电机由深沟球轴承构成的旋转部件与安装在旋转部件中心的压电悬臂梁组成，其中压电悬臂梁的上下弯曲振动模仿蜂鸟鹰蛾翅膀的上下拍振，而压电悬臂梁的自适应旋转运动则模仿蜂鸟鹰蛾绕质心的自适应悬停运动，从而实现全向自适应调节与稳定性调控，显著提升了发电机对不同方向环境振动的适应能力。基于能量法建立了发电机的分布参数机电耦合非线性动力学模型，深入揭示了弯曲振动模态与旋转运动之间的耦合行为。通过数值仿真与实验测试相结合的方法，系统研究了发电机在不同初始旋转角度（0°~360°）条件下的自适应方向调节特性、稳定性机理及动力学响应。研究结果表明：所提出的仿生全向自适应压电振动发电机能够在任意方向的外部激励下，通过无源自适应旋转调节，使压电悬臂梁最终稳定在与激励方向一致的位置，并保持大幅值的弯曲振动输出。与传统固定式或阵列式多方向压电发电机相比，该发电机无需多悬臂梁组合或复杂异形结构，仅采用单一压电悬臂梁即可实现0°~360°全向高效能量采集，结构紧凑、空间利用率高、可靠性强。实验结果显示，在不同初始夹角下，发电机稳定后的输出电压均可达到约29 V，输出功率稳定在830 µW左右，平均功率密度高达29 340 µW/cm³。当外部激励方向与悬臂梁初始方向垂直时，传统线性压电发电机基本失效，而本文发电机仍能通过自适应调节恢复至最佳工作状态。本文提出的仿生全向自适应压电振动发电机对提升压电振动发电机的转换效率、解决低功耗微纳器件的自供电问题提供了重要的理论和技术参考。

Abstract

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things

the power supply problem for vast numbers of low-power micro/nano devices

such as wireless sensor nodes

has become increasingly prominent. Conventional battery-based power supply faces challenges including frequent replacement

high maintenance costs

and serious environmental pollution

making self-powered technologies a current research hotspot. Piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters exhibit great potential in solving the self-powering issue of low-power devices owing to their high energy density

simple structure

and ease of integration. Inspired by the strong stability regulation capability demonstrated by the hummingbird hawk-moth during hovering flight

this paper proposes a bio-inspired passive omnidirectional adaptive piezoelectric vibration energy harvester. The harvester consists of a rotating component formed by a deep groove ball bearing and a piezoelectric cantilever beam installed at the center of the rotating component. The up-and-down bending vibration of the cantilever beam mimics the flapping of the hummingbird hawk-moth’s wings

while the adaptive rotational motion of the cantilever beam mimics the moth’s adaptive hovering rotation around its center of mass

thereby achieving omnidirectional adaptive adjustment and stability regulation and significantly enhancing adaptability to environmental vibrations from different directions. Based on the energy method

a distributed-parameter electromechanically coupled nonlinear dynamic model is established

deeply revealing the coupling behavior between the bending vibration mode and the rotational motion. Through a combination of numerical simulation and experimental testing

the adaptive orientation adjustment characteristics

stability mechanism

and dynamic response of the harvester under different initial rotational angles ranging from 0° to 360° are systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that the proposed bio-inspired omnidirectional adaptive piezoelectric vibration energy harvester can

under external excitation in any direction

passively and adaptively rotate such that the piezoelectric cantilever beam ultimately stabilizes at a position aligned with the excitation direction while maintaining large-amplitude bending vibration output. Compared with traditional fixed or array-type multidirectional piezoelectric energy harvesters

the proposed harvester requires neither multiple cantilever beam combinations nor complex irregular structures; it achieves efficient omnidirectional energy harvesting from 0° to 360° using only a single piezoelectric cantilever beam

featuring a compact structure

high space utilization

and strong reliability. Experimental results show that under different initial included angles

the stabilized output voltage of the harvester reaches approximately 29 V

the output power stabilizes at around 830 µW

and the average power density is as high as 29 340 µW/cm³. When the external excitation direction is perpendicular to the initial direction of the cantilever beam

traditional linear piezoelectric energy harvesters essentially fail

whereas the proposed harvester can still recover to its optimal working state through adaptive adjustment. The proposed bio-inspired omnidirectional adaptive piezoelectric vibration energy harvester provides important theoretical and technical references for improving the conversion efficiency of piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters and solving the self-powering problem of low-power micro/nano devices.

关键词

Keywords

references

IoT Analytics GmbH . State of IoT 2024: Number of connected IoT devices growing 13% to 18.8 billion globally [EB/OL ] . ( 2024-10-09 )[ 2026-01-20 ] . https://iot-analytics.com/number-connected-iot-devices-2024/ https://iot-analytics.com/number-connected-iot-devices-2024/ .

章晋睿 , 龙婷婷 , 张德宇 , 等 . 端智能推理加速技术综述 [J ] . 电子学报 , 2025 , 53 ( 4 ): 1063 - 1102 . DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20240691 http://dx.doi.org/10.12263/DZXB.20240691 .

Zhang Jinrui , Long Tingting , Zhang Deyu , et al . On-device intelligence acceleration technologies: A survey [J ] . Acta Electronica Sinica , 2025 , 53 ( 4 ): 1063 - 1102 . DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20240691. http://dx.doi.org/10.12263/DZXB.20240691. (in Chinese)

Zuo Jianyong , Dong Liwei , Yang Fan , et al . Energy harvesting solutions for railway transportation: A comprehensive review [J ] . Renewable Energy , 2023 , 202 : 56 - 87 . DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.11.008 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.11.008

Sun Yuehang , Li Yunze , Yuan Man . Requirements, challenges, and novel ideas for wearables on power supply and energy harvesting [J ] . Nano Energy , 2023 , 115 : 108715 . DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108715 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108715

Yi Zhiran , Yang Bin , Zhang Wenming , et al . Batteryless tire pressure real-time monitoring system driven by an ultralow frequency piezoelectric rotational energy harvester [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics , 2021 , 68 ( 4 ): 3192 - 3201 . DOI: 10.1109/tie.2020.2978727 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2020.2978727

Cao Yangsen , Sha Aimin , Liu Zhuangzhuang , et al . Electric energy output model of a piezoelectric transducer for pavement application under vehicle load excitation [J ] . Energy , 2020 , 211 : 118595 . DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118595 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118595

Bairagi S , Shahid-ul-Islam , Shahadat M , et al . Mechanical energy harvesting and self-powered electronic applications of textile-based piezoelectric nanogenerators: A systematic review [J ] . Nano Energy , 2023 , 111 : 108414 . DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108414 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108414

闫晓东 , 周公博 . 中间梁方式下压电式能量采集器发电性能研究 [J ] . 电子学报 , 2022 , 50 ( 2 ): 404 - 414 .

Yan Xiaodong , Zhou Gongbo . Study on power generation performance of piezoelectric energy harvester under intermediate beam fixed mode [J ] . Acta Electronica Sinica , 2022 , 50 ( 2 ): 404 - 414 . (in Chinese)

Dai Shufen , Li Xunjia , Jiang Chengmei , et al . Omnidirectional wind energy harvester for self-powered agro-environmental information sensing [J ] . Nano Energy , 2022 , 91 : 106686 . DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106686 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106686

Liang Xi , Jiang Tao , Liu Guoxu , et al . Spherical triboelectric nanogenerator integrated with power management module for harvesting multidirectional water wave energy [J ] . Energy & Environmental Science , 2020 , 13 ( 1 ): 277 - 285 . DOI: 10.1039/c9ee03258d http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ee03258d

Zhang Xuemei , Hu Jie , Yang Qianxi , et al . Harvesting multidirectional breeze energy and self-powered intelligent fire detection systems based on triboelectric nanogenerator and fluid-dynamic modeling [J ] . Advanced Functional Materials , 2021 , 31 ( 50 ): 2106527 . DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202106527 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202106527

Wen Honggui , Yang Peiyuan , Liu Guanlin , et al . Flower-like triboelectric nanogenerator for blue energy harvesting with six degrees of freedom [J ] . Nano Energy , 2022 , 93 : 106796 . DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106796 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106796

Gu Yuhan , Liu Weiqun , Zhao Caiyou , et al . A goblet-like non-linear electromagnetic generator for planar multi-directional vibration energy harvesting [J ] . Applied Energy , 2020 , 266 : 114846 . DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114846 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114846

Yang Hongmei , Deng Mingming , Zeng Qixuan , et al . Polydirectional microvibration energy collection for self-powered multifunctional systems based on hybridized nanogenerators [J ] . ACS Nano , 2020 , 14 ( 3 ): 3328 - 3336 . DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08998 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b08998

Shin Y , Cho S , Han Sejin , et al . Omni-directional wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerator with cross-shaped dielectric film [J ] . Nano Convergence , 2021 , 8 ( 1 ): 25 . DOI: 10.1186/s40580-021-00276-5 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40580-021-00276-5

Caetano V J , Savi M A . Star-shaped piezoelectric mechanical energy harvesters for multidirectional sources [J ] . International Journal of Mechanical Sciences , 2022 , 215 : 106962 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2021.106962 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2021.106962

Chen Keyu , Gao Fei , Liu Zheyuan , et al . A nonlinear M-shaped tri-directional piezoelectric energy harvester [J ] . Smart Materials and Structures , 2021 , 30 ( 4 ): 045017 . DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/abe87e http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/abe87e

Bao Bin , Zhou Shaoyi , Wang Quan . Interplay between internal resonance and nonlinear magnetic interaction for multi-directional energy harvesting [J ] . Energy Conversion and Management , 2021 , 244 : 114465 . DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114465 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114465

Li Haisheng , Liu Donghuan , Wang Jianjun , et al . Broadband bimorph piezoelectric energy harvesting by exploiting bending-torsion of L-shaped structure [J ] . Energy Conversion and Management , 2020 , 206 : 112503 . DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112503 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112503

Nie Xiaochun , Tan Ting , Yan Zhimiao , et al . Ultra-wideband piezoelectric energy harvester based on Stockbridge damper and its application in smart grid [J ] . Applied Energy , 2020 , 267 : 114898 . DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114898 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114898

Tan Ting , Wang Zhemin , Zhang Liang , et al . Piezoelectric autoparametric vibration energy harvesting with chaos control feature [J ] . Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing , 2021 , 161 : 107989 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2021.107989 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2021.107989

Zhang Chuguo , He Lixia , Zhou Linglin , et al . Active resonance triboelectric nanogenerator for harvesting omnidirectional water-wave energy [J ] . Joule , 2021 , 5 ( 6 ): 1613 - 1623 . DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2021.04.016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.04.016

Zhang Tingsheng , Tang Minfeng , Li Hai , et al . A multidirectional pendulum kinetic energy harvester based on homopolar repulsion for low-power sensors in new energy driverless buses [J ] . International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology , 2022 , 9 ( 2 ): 603 - 618 . DOI: 10.1007/s40684-021-00344-5 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40684-021-00344-5

Anurakpandit T , Townsend N C , Wilson P A . The numerical and experimental investigations of a gimballed pendulum energy harvester [J ] . International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics , 2020 , 120 : 103384 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2019.103384 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2019.103384

Rui Pinshu , Zhang Wen , Zhong Yiming , et al . High-performance cylindrical pendulum shaped triboelectric nanogenerators driven by water wave energy for full-automatic and self-powered wireless hydrological monitoring system [J ] . Nano Energy , 2020 , 74 : 104937 . DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104937 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104937

Hwang H J , Jung Y , Choi K , et al . Comb-structured triboelectric nanogenerators for multi-directional energy scavenging from human movements [J ] . Science and Technology of Advanced Materials , 2019 , 20 ( 1 ): 725 - 732 . DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2019.1630856 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2019.1630856

Qian Feng , Hajj M R , Zuo Lei . Bio-inspired bi-stable piezoelectric harvester for broadband vibration energy harvesting [J ] . Energy Conversion and Management , 2020 , 222 ( 3 ): 113174 . DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113174 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113174

Wang Tian , Zhang Qichang , Han Jianxin , et al . Bio-inspired quad-stable piezoelectric energy harvester for low-frequency vibration scavenging [J ] . Energy , 2023 , 282 : 128952 . DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128952 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.128952

Fan Yingying , Liu Xin , Wang D F . A hummingbird-inspired dual-oscillator synergized piezoelectric energy harvester for ultra-low frequency [J ] . Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing , 2025 , 224 : 112132 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2024.112132 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2024.112132

Ma Zhiyun , Zhao Jieliang , Yu Li , et al . Piezoelectric energy harvesting from the thorax vibration of freely flying bees [J ] . Cyborg and Bionic Systems , 2025 , 6 : 0210 . DOI: 10.34133/cbsystems.0210 http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/cbsystems.0210

Bomphrey R J , Nakata T , Phillips N , et al . Smart wing rotation and trailing-edge vortices enable high frequency mosquito flight [J ] . Nature , 2017 , 544 ( 7648 ): 92 - 95 . DOI: 10.1038/nature21727 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature21727

Taha H E , Kiani M , Hedrick T L , et al . Vibrational control: A hidden stabilization mechanism in insect flight [J ] . Science Robotics , 2020 , 5 ( 46 ): eabb1502 . DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abb1502 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.abb1502

Han J S , Han J H . A contralateral wing stabilizes a hovering hawkmoth under a lateral gust [J ] . Scientific Reports , 2019 , 9 ( 1 ): 17397 . DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53625-0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53625-0

Wang Zhemin , Du Yu , Li Tianrun , et al . Bioinspired omnidirectional piezoelectric energy harvester with autonomous direction regulation by hovering vibrational stabilization [J ] . Energy Conversion and Management , 2022 , 261 : 115638 . DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115638 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115638

Han Minglei , Yang Xu , Wang D F , et al . A mosquito-inspired self-adaptive energy harvester for multi-directional vibrations [J ] . Applied Energy , 2022 , 315 ( 10 ): 119040 . DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119040 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119040

Nakata T , Liu Hao . Aerodynamic performance of a hovering hawkmoth with flexible wings: A computational approach [J ] . Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , 2012 , 279 ( 1729 ): 722 - 731 . DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2011.1023 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.1023

Shi Ge , Zeng Wentao , Xia Yinshui , et al . A floating piezoelectric electromagnetic hybrid wave vibration energy harvester actuated by a rotating wobble ball [J ] . Energy , 2023 , 270 : 126808 . DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.126808 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.126808

Lu Linhai , Sun Huasheng , Han Lei , et al . Omnidirectional hybrid wave energy harvester for self-powered sensors in sea-crossing bridges [J ] . Ocean Engineering , 2023 , 287 : 115829 . DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.115829 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.115829

Sheng Cunyong , Xiang Xiaoyi , Shen Hui , et al . A novel rope-driven piezoelectric energy harvester for multidirectional vibrations [J ] . Energy Reports , 2023 , 9 : 3553 - 3562 . DOI: 10.1016/j.egyr.2023.02.040 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.02.040

Wu Silei , Kan Junwu , Wu Wenchao , et al . A tunable pendulum-like piezoelectric energy harvester for multidirectional vibration [J ] . Sustainable Materials and Technologies , 2024 , 41 : e01094 . DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01094 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01094

Li Longfei , Li Jintong , Luo Dabing , et al . A piezo-electromagnetic hybrid multi-directional vibration energy harvester in freight trains [J ] . Sustainable Materials and Technologies , 2024 , 41 : e00989 . DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e00989 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e00989

Yu Yiyong , Lin Yazhi , Liu Mingxuan , et al . A multidirectional broadband pendulum piezoelectric vibration energy harvester utilizing magnetic potential well [J ] . Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing , 2025 , 232 : 112730 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112730 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112730

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Research on Anti-Interception Communication Waveforms Based on Non-Uniform Random Phase Mapping

A Unified Framework with Mixture-of-Experts Adaptation for Diverse Binary Segmentation Tasks

Two-Stage Detection for OTFS Based on Global Initial Detection and Local List Refinement

Adaptive Random Access for LEO Satellite Networks

Integrated Sensing and Communication With 3D MIMO OTFS Toward Low-Altitude UAV Surveillance

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

No data

⁰