Research and Design of a DPU-Based Airborne Integrated RF Processing System

MA Chengcheng; TIAN Ze; GUO Xuanying; ZHANG Chen; LIANG Junli; ZHENG Jiangbin; WANG Baoping; LIU Bo; LI Linze; LIU Xiaoqi

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20260056

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Research and Design of a DPU-Based Airborne Integrated RF Processing System

Innovative Architectures and Electronic Systems for Efficient Artificial Intelligence | 更新时间：2026-10-16

- Research and Design of a DPU-Based Airborne Integrated RF Processing System
- ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA Vol. 54, Issue 6, Pages: 2454-2467(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西北工业大学，陕西西安 710072
  2.西安翔腾微电子科技有限公司，陕西西安 710072
  3.集成电路与微系统设计航空科技重点实验室，陕西西安 710072
  4.陕西省空天智算与算力网络重点实验室，陕西西安 710072
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20260056
  CLC： TP303;V243
- Received：23 April 2026，
  
  Accepted：19 May 2026，
  
  Published：25 June 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
马城城, 田泽, 郭玄瀛, 等. 基于DPU的机载射频综合处理系统研究与设计[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(06): 2454-2467.

MA Chengcheng, TIAN Ze, GUO Xuanying, et al. Research and Design of a DPU-Based Airborne Integrated RF Processing System[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(06): 2454-2467.
马城城, 田泽, 郭玄瀛, 等. 基于DPU的机载射频综合处理系统研究与设计[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(06): 2454-2467. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20260056

MA Chengcheng, TIAN Ze, GUO Xuanying, et al. Research and Design of a DPU-Based Airborne Integrated RF Processing System[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(06): 2454-2467. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20260056

摘要

机载射频（Radio Frequency，RF）系统正朝着智能蒙皮、多功能综合与智能化方向快速演进，系统数据规模、算力需求及产品迭代速度呈指数级增长。当前的基于SRIO互联的FPGA+DSP定制计算架构存在计算资源与任务强耦合、异构算力难以高效聚合以及系统扩展性受限等问题，已难以支撑新一代机载射频处理需求。为突破上述瓶颈，本文借鉴主流智算中心的计算架构理念，将其引入机载射频计算领域，提出了一种基于数据处理单元（Data Processing Unit，DPU）的射频综合处理系统。该系统采用IEEE 1588v2与同步以太网（Synchronous Ethernet，SyncE）协同的高精度时钟同步机制，解决了弹性分布式架构下多源射频海量数据的高精度时空对齐问题；基于远程内存直接访问（Remote Direct Memory Access，RDMA）实现领域特定架构数据直通（Domain-Specific Architecture Direct，DSA Direct）技术，支持数据从采集、处理到存储的端到端零拷贝传输，显著降低系统传输时延；通过融合PCIe与RDMA的异构算力互联机制，实现统一内存视图下的异构算力聚合与灵活配置。依托纳秒级同步接入、异构算力协同计算与分布式存储能力，构建了以数据为中心的射频综合处理体系。该体系由射频接入节点与异构算力资源池组成，通过高速以太网交换机互联，将智能、并行、通用和可重构四类异构算力节点及NVMe-oF（NVMe over Fabrics）分布式存储节点统一纳入算力网络，支持面向任务的弹性资源组合与动态部署。基于国产DPU FPGA原型，搭建了射频综合处理系统实验环境，并针对多通道射频数据接入、跨节点异构算力协同与分布式存储访问等典型数据流进行了验证。测试结果表明：相较于当前架构，该系统在数据传输延迟方面单次拷贝延迟约降至原来的1/360；NVMe-oF存储节点三盘顺序读写峰值带宽超过5 700 MB/s，较当前方式性能提升6到8倍；基于IEEE 1588v2+SyncE的时钟同步精度为8.33 ns。此外，通过构建典型雷达与通信信号处理链路，其中雷达场景下128 MB雷达原始数据接入延迟低至24.92 ms，通信场景下可稳定承载38路并行基带数据流实时接入，验证了系统在高吞吐原始数据注入及多级异构计算中的实时业务承载能力。实验证明，该架构为新一代机载射频综合处理系统提供了一种切实可行的技术路径。

Abstract

Airborne radio frequency (RF) systems are rapidly evolving toward intelligent skins

multifunctional integration

and intelligence

with exponential growth in system data volume

computational demands

and product iteration speed. Conventional FPGA+DSP custom computing architectures base

d on SRIO interconnection suffer from strong coupling between computing resources and tasks

inefficient aggregation of heterogeneous computing power

and limited system scalability

making them inadequate to support the requirements of next-generation airborne RF processing. To overcome these bottlenecks

this paper draws on the computational architecture concepts of mainstream intelligent computing centers and introduces them into the airborne RF computing domain

proposing a data processing unit (DPU)-based integrated RF processing system. This system employs a high-precision clock synchronization mechanism combining IEEE 1588v2 and synchronous ethernet (SyncE)

addressing the high-precision spatiotemporal alignment of massive multi-source RF data in elastic distributed architectures. Based on remote direct memory access (RDMA)

domain-specific architecture direct (DSA Direct) data passthrough is implemented

supporting end-to-end zero-copy transmission from data acquisition and processing to storage

significantly reducing system transmission latency. Through a heterogeneous computing power interconnection mechanism integrating PCIe and RDMA

aggregation and flexible configuration of heterogeneous computing power under a unified memory view are achieved. Leveraging nanosecond-level synchronous access

collaborative heterogeneous computing

and distributed storage capabilities

a data-centric integrated RF processing architecture is constructed. The architecture consists of RF access nodes and a heterogeneous computing resource pool interconnected through high-speed Ethernet switches

integrating intelligent

parallel

general-purpose

and reconfigurable heterogeneous computing nodes together with NVMe-oF distributed storage nodes into a unified computing power network

thereby supporting task-oriented elastic resource composition and dynamic deployment. Using a domestic DPU FPGA prototype

an experimental environment for the integrated RF processing system was established

and typical data flows including mul

ti-channel RF data access

cross-node heterogeneous computing collaboration

distributed storage access

as well as RF data transmission

storage

and computation were validated. Test results indicate that compared to conventional architectures

the system reduces single-copy latency in data transmission to approximately 1/360 of the original; the peak sequential read/write bandwidth of NVMe over fabrics

(

NVMe-oF) storage nodes with three disks exceeds 5 700  MB/s

representing a 6 to 8 fold performance improvement over conventional methods; and the clock synchronization accuracy based on IEEE 1588v2+SyncE is approximately 8.33 ns. Furthermore

by constructing typical radar and communication signal processing chains

the system demonstrated an access latency as low as 24.92 ms for 128 MB radar raw data in the radar scenario

while stably supporting the real-time access of 38 parallel baseband data streams in the communication scenario

thereby validating its real-time service capability under high-throughput raw data injection and multi-level heterogeneous computing. Experiments demonstrate that this architecture provides a feasible technical pathway for next-generation airborne integrated RF processing systems.

关键词

Keywords

references

Moo P W , DiFilippo D J . Multifunction RF systems for naval platforms [J ] . Sensors , 2018 , 18 ( 7 ): 2076 . DOI: 10.3390/s18072076 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072076

杨易陆 , 夏飞扬 , 徐进 . 多功能射频综合一体化技术研究及展望 [J ] . 空间电子技术 , 2023 , 20 ( 4 ): 27 - 32 .

Yang Yilu , Xia Feiyang , Xu Jin . Research and prospect of multifunctional RF integrated technology [J ] . Space Electronic Technology , 2023 , 20 ( 4 ): 27 - 32 . (in Chinese)

伍光新 , 李归 . 综合射频一体化系统技术发展综述 [J ] . 现代雷达 , 2023 , 45 ( 5 ): 1 - 14 .

Wu Guangxin , Li Gui . Overview of technological development of integrated RF system [J ] . Modern Radar , 2023 , 45 ( 5 ): 1 - 14 . (in Chinese)

Malas J A . F-22 radar development [C ] // Proceedings of the IEEE 1997 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. NAECON 1997 . Piscataway : IEEE , 1997 : 831 - 839 . DOI: 10.1109/naecon.1997.622690 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/naecon.1997.622690

Lemons G T , Carrington K . F-35 mission systems design, development & verification [C ] // 2018 Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference . Reston : AIAA , 2018 : 3519 . DOI: 10.2514/6.2018-3519 http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-3519

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency . Converged collaborative elements for RF task operations (CONCERTO) [EB/OL ] . ( 2017-06-07 )[ 2025-12-26 ] . https://www.darpa.mil/research/programs/converged-collaborative-elements-for-rf-task-operations https://www.darpa.mil/research/programs/converged-collaborative-elements-for-rf-task-operations .

CROWN PAD R PROJECT . Crown pad R: Personal assistance and developmental relations [EB/OL ] . ( 2023 ) [ 2025-12-26 ] . https://www.crown-padr.eu https://www.crown-padr.eu .

薛慧 , 张昊 . 机载多功能综合射频一体化发展研究 [J ] . 中国电子科学研究院学报 , 2016 , 11 ( 5 ): 532 - 539 .

Xue Hui , Zhang Hao . Research on airborne mufti-functional RF integration system [J ] . Journal of China Academy of Electronics and Information Technology , 2016 , 11 ( 5 ): 532 - 539 . (in Chinese)

孙利娜 , 梁葆华 , 陈宇 . 一种机载综合射频系统兼容能力试验方法 [J ] . 科学技术与工程 , 2022 , 22 ( 22 ): 9857 - 9863 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2022.22.051 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2022.22.051

Sun Lina , Liang Baohua , Chen Yu . A test method of compatibility of airborne integrated radio freqency system [J ] . Science Technology and Engineering , 2022 , 22 ( 22 ): 9857 - 9863 . (in Chinese) . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2022.22.051 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2022.22.051

李冰涛 . 基于复杂电磁环境下综合射频一体化系统设计 [J ] . 机械与电子控制工程 , 2025 , 7 ( 17 ).

Ye W J , Deng W , Jia H K , et al . A 3-to-40 GHz 64QAM/256QAM/4096QAM zero-IF CMOS transceiver chipset for millimeter-wave software-defined radios [C ] // 2024 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC) . Piscataway : IEEE , 2024 : 1 - 3 . DOI: 10.1109/a-sscc60305.2024.10848653 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/a-sscc60305.2024.10848653

Palmer R D , Yeary M B , Schvartzman D , et al . Horus: A fully digital polarimetric phased array radar for next-generation weather observations [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems , 2023 , 1 : 96 - 117 . DOI: 10.1109/trs.2023.3280033 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/trs.2023.3280033

李登全 , 朱樟明 . 高速高精度混合架构模数转换器集成电路综述 [J ] . 微电子学与计算机 , 2025 , 42 ( 10 ): 36 - 47 .

Li Dengquan , Zhu Zhangming . High-speed and high-resolution hybrid architecture analog-to-digital converter integrated circuit [J ] . Microelectronics & Computer , 2025 , 42 ( 10 ): 36 - 47 . (in Chinese)

常壮 , 冯书兴 , 孙健 , 等 . 美军电磁频谱战发展沿革与现状述评 [J ] . 航天电子对抗 , 2018 , 34 ( 1 ): 54 - 59 .

Chang Zhuang , Feng Shuxing , Sun Jian , et al . Commentary on developing evolution and status-quo of U.S. armed forces’ joint electromagnetic spectrum operations [J ] . Aerospace Electronic Warfare , 2018 , 34 ( 1 ): 54 - 59 . (in Chinese)

贾明权 , 钟瑜 , 潘灵 , 等 . 信号级协同计算平台架构及应用思考 [J ] . 电讯技术 , 2019 , 59 ( 6 ): 627 - 634 .

Jia Mingquan , Zhong Yu , Pan Ling , et al . Signal level collaborative computing platform architecture and application thinking [J ] . Telecommunication Engineering , 2019 , 59 ( 6 ): 627 - 634 . (in Chinese)

Shakibafar B , Farhangian F , Gagne J M , et al . An adaptive RF front-end architecture for multi-band SDR in avionics [J ] . Sensors , 2024 , 24 ( 18 ): 5963 . DOI: 10.3390/s24185963 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24185963

余晖冬 , 龚昊龑 , 王书磊 . 基于FPGA+DSP架构的RapidIO接口硬件技术与实现 [J ] . 船电技术 , 2022 , 42 ( 1 ): 49 - 53 .

Yu Huidong , Gong Haoyan , Wang Shulei . Design and implementation of Rapidio hardware interface based on FPGA+DSP [J ] . Marine Electric & Electronic Engineering , 2022 , 42 ( 1 ): 49 - 53 . (in Chinese)

郑东卫 , 白亚莉 . 基于FPGA和多核DSP的雷达信号处理架构设计 [J ] . 火控雷达技术 , 2023 , 52 ( 2 ): 84 - 90 .

Zheng Dongwei , Bai Yali . Design of a radar signal processing architecture based on FPGA and multi-core DSP [J ] . Fire Control Radar Technology , 2023 , 52 ( 2 ): 84 - 90 . (in Chinese)

NVIDIA . Offloading and isolating data center workloads with the NVIDIA BlueField DPU [EB/OL ] . ( 2020-10-27 )[ 2025-12-04 ] . https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/offloading-and-isolating-data-center-workloads-with-bluefield-dpu https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/offloading-and-isolating-data-center-workloads-with-bluefield-dpu .

Tibbetts N , Ibtisum S , Puri S . A survey on heterogeneous computing using SmartNICs and emerging data processing units [J ] . Future Generation Computer Systems , 2026 , 176 : 108207 . DOI: 10.1016/j.future.2025.108207 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2025.108207

贲德 . 机载有源相控阵火控雷达技术发展 [J ] . 现代雷达 , 2024 , 46 ( 2 ): 1 - 15 .

De Ben . Development of airborne AESA fire control radar [J ] . Modern Radar , 2024 , 46 ( 2 ): 1 - 15 . (in Chinese)

曹兰英 , 董晔 , 郭维娜 . 机载火控雷达发展趋势探究 [J ] . 航空科学技术 , 2021 , 32 ( 6 ): 1 - 8 .

Cao Lanying , Dong Ye , Guo Weina . Development trend analysis of airborne fire-control radars [J ] . Aeronautical Science & Technology , 2021 , 32 ( 6 ): 1 - 8 . (in Chinese)

李志汇 , 唐波 , 周青松 , 等 . 新体制机载雷达波形优化设计研究综述 [J ] . 系统工程与电子技术 , 2023 , 45 ( 12 ): 3852 - 3865 .

Li Zhihui , Tang Bo , Zhou Qingsong , et al . Overview of waveform design methods for new system airborne radar [J ] . Systems Engineering and Electronics , 2023 , 45 ( 12 ): 3852 - 3865 . (in Chinese)

Elsayed E E . Investigations on OFDM UAV-based free-space optical transmission system with scintillation mitigation for optical wireless communication-to-ground links in atmospheric turbulence [J ] . Optical and Quantum Electronics , 2024 , 56 ( 5 ): 837 . DOI: 10.1007/s11082-024-06692-1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11082-024-06692-1

Pitcher A D , Georgiev M , Nikolova N K , et al . Parallelized field-programmable gate array data processing for high-throughput pulsed-radar systems [J ] . Sensors , 2025 , 25 ( 1 ): 239 . DOI: 10.3390/s25010239 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s25010239

Wang J C , Du H Y , Sun G , et al . Optimizing 6G integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) via expert networks [PP/OL ] . V1. arXiv ( 2024-06-01 )[ 2026-04-23 ] . https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.00408 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.00408 .

耿昭谦 , 朱虎明 , 李旭明 , 等 . 基于高性能计算的雷达信号处理研究综述 [J ] . 电子科技 , 2021 , 34 ( 9 ): 1 - 6 .

Geng Zhaoqian , Zhu Huming , Li Xuming , et al . A review: Radar signal processing based on high performance computing [J ] . Electronic Science and Technology , 2021 , 34 ( 9 ): 1 - 6 . (in Chinese)

范坤 . 一种机载综合射频系统通用处理模块设计 [J ] . 航空计算技术 , 2023 , 53 ( 4 ): 106 - 109 .

Fan Kun . Design of a general processing module for airborne integrated radio frequency system [J ] . Aeronautical Computing Technique , 2023 , 53 ( 4 ): 106 - 109 . (in Chinese)

陈昊 , 王荣阳 , 朱启昌 , 等 . 机载多用途计算平台设计 [J ] . 航空电子技术 , 2023 , 54 ( 3 ): 15 - 21 .

Chen Hao , Wang Rongyang , Zhu Qichang , et al . Design of airborne multi-purpose computing platform [J ] . Avionics Technology , 2023 , 54 ( 3 ): 15 - 21 . (in Chinese)

裴养卫 , 裴静静 , 李孟华 . 基于高速串行总线SRIO的雷达信号和数据处理平台 [J ] . 航空计算技术 , 2023 , 53 ( 1 ): 72 - 76 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-654X.2023.01.016 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1671-654X.2023.01.016

Pei Yangwei , Pei Jingjing , Li Menghua . Radar signal and data processing system based on high speed serial bus SRIO [J ] . Aeronautical Computing Technique , 2023 , 53 ( 1 ): 72 - 76 . (in Chinese) . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-654X.2023.01.016 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1671-654X.2023.01.016

Yang T , Zhang X Y , Xu Q B , et al . An embedded-GPU-based scheme for real-time imaging processing of unmanned aerial vehicle borne video synthetic aperture radar [J ] . Remote Sensing , 2024 , 16 ( 1 ): 191 . DOI: 10.3390/rs16010191 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16010191

蔡兴雨 , 王亚军 , 王旭 , 等 . 一种基于云边端架构的雷达组网协同系统设计方案 [J ] . 现代雷达 , 2024 , 46 ( 9 ): 37 - 48 .

Cai Xingyu , Wang Yajun , Wang Xu , et al . A design scheme for collaborative system of netted radar based on cloud-edge-end architecture [J ] . Modern Radar , 2024 , 46 ( 9 ): 37 - 48 . (in Chinese)

刘斌越 , 杨建强 , 徐波 , 等 . 5G-A通感一体基站组网低空感知关键技术 [J ] . 信号处理 , 2025 , 41 ( 5 ): 787 - 806 .

Liu Binyue , Yang Jianqiang , Xu Bo , et al . Key technologies for low-altitude sensing in 5G-A integrated communication and sensing networks [J ] . Journal of Signal Processing , 2025 , 41 ( 5 ): 787 - 806 . (in Chinese)

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

High-Precision, High-Speed, and Low-Computing-Power AUV Optical Positioning Method

Text Prompted Image Coding for Machine

A Diffusion Model Driven Approach for Cross-Time-Domain Incremental Specific Emitter Identification

Efficient Caching Algorithm for Retrieval Augmented Generation Systems on Edge Devices

Inter-Chip Redistribution Layer Routing for Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging

Related Author

XIE Zhengbin

SUN Zhe

ZHAN Xufeng

LI Xuelong

HUANG Zhimeng

GAO Feng

YANG Fan

MA Siwei

Related Institution

School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and EletroNics, Northwestern Polytechnical University

Institute of Artificial Intelligence (TeleAI), China Telecommute

School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China

School of Computer Science, Peking University

School of Art, Peking University

⁰