A Highly Integrated and Multi-Mode Single-Stage AC-DC BUCK Converter

TU Jianhong; WU Linjun; LUO Xiaoran; WU Qiang; ZHU Zhangming

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20260078

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A Highly Integrated and Multi-Mode Single-Stage AC-DC BUCK Converter

PAPERS | 更新时间：2026-07-30

- A Highly Integrated and Multi-Mode Single-Stage AC-DC BUCK Converter
- ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA Vol. 54, Issue 4, Pages: 1680-1691(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西南交通大学信息科学与技术学院，四川成都 610000
  2.西安电子科技大学集成电路学部，陕西西安 710071
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  National Natural Science Foundation of China(62474145;62174139)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20260078
  CLC： TN43;
- Received：12 February 2026，
  
  Accepted：02 April 2026，
  
  Online First：20 May 2026，
  
  Published：25 April 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
涂建宏, 邬林峻, 骆骁然, 等. 高集成度多模式单级AC-DC BUCK转换器[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(04): 1680-1691.

TU Jianhong, WU Linjun, LUO Xiaoran, et al. A Highly Integrated and Multi-Mode Single-Stage AC-DC BUCK Converter[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(04): 1680-1691.
涂建宏, 邬林峻, 骆骁然, 等. 高集成度多模式单级AC-DC BUCK转换器[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(04): 1680-1691. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20260078

TU Jianhong, WU Linjun, LUO Xiaoran, et al. A Highly Integrated and Multi-Mode Single-Stage AC-DC BUCK Converter[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(04): 1680-1691. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20260078

摘要

针对传统交流转直流（Alternating Current-Direct Current，AC-DC）电源转换方案中两级结构外围器件多、体积大、成本高等问题，本文提出了一种高集成度、多模式控制的单级AC-DC BUCK转换器，实现了交流高压到直流低压的直接转换。相对于传统两级方案或反激拓扑结构，本文方案有效减少了外围元器件的使用，大幅提高了系统集成度，有效减小了系统体积并降低了应用成本。为提升变换器在全负载区间内的转换效率，本文对BUCK转换器的静态损耗、导通损耗与动态损耗进行了系统性分析，明确了功率损耗与峰值电感电流、开关频率的关系，并建立了损耗模型。随后，依据建立的损耗模型，确定了可随负载自适应变化的峰值电流与开关频率控制曲线，并采用了脉冲宽度调制（Pulse Width Modulation，PWM）与脉冲频率调制（Pulse Frequency Modulation，PFM）融合的多模式控制策略。转换器在重载时工作于PWM/PFM混合模式，兼顾负载响应速度与输出纹波抑制；中载时切换到固定频率PWM模式，优化转换效率；轻载时工作于PFM模式，大幅降低开关损耗，实现了不同负载条件下的高效率控制。同时，为突破传统驱动电路对片外VDD电容的依赖，本文设计了无片外电容的高压自供电驱动电路。电路利用耗尽型结型场效应晶体管（Junction Field-Effect Transistor，JFET）实现芯片自供电，并借助其寄生电容为功率金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管（Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor，MOSFET）栅端提供驱动电流，内部仅需集成220 pF的VDD电容，进一步缩减了外围器件的数量，提升了系统集成度。基于BCD工艺（0.25 μm、700 V）完成了所提出的BUCK控制器的设计与流片，芯片集成了功率MOSFET、片内VDD电容，除去功率MOSFET后的控制器核心面积仅为0.88 mm²。为进一步减少外围器件，芯片与反馈二极管与续流二极管合封，外围器件除了桥式整流仅有储能电感和输出电容。同时，转换器主要工作于断续导通模式（Discontinuous Conduction Mode，DCM），满载时进入连续导通模式（Continuous Conduction Mode，CCM），有效减小了输出电感体积。为验证所提方案的可行性与性能，搭建了专用测试平台进行全面测试，测试结果表明，该转换器在极简的应用条件下，输入85 Vac、输出1.5 W时峰值转换效率达到78.4%。转换器输入电压覆盖85~265 Vac宽范围，输出电压稳定在5 V，负载调整率优于±1.5%，线性调整率优于2.4%，最大输出电流可达300 mA。

Abstract

To address the issues of excessive peripheral components

large volume

and high cost in the two-stage topology used in conventional alternating current-direct current (AC-DC) power conversion solutions

this paper proposes a single-stage AC-DC BUCK converter with high integration and multi-mode control

which realizes direct conversion from high-voltage AC to low-voltage DC. Compared with traditional two-stage schemes or flyback topologies

the proposed solution effectively reduces the usage of peripheral components

significantly improves system integration

and lowers both system volume and application cost. To enhance the conversion efficiency of the converter across the full load range

this paper systematically analyzes the static loss

conduction loss

and dynamic loss of the BUCK converter

clarifies the relationships between power loss and peak inductor current as well as switching frequency

and establishes a loss model. Based on the derived loss model

the control curves of peak current and switching frequency that adaptively vary with load conditions are determined

and a multi-mode control strategy combining pulse width modulation (PWM) and pulse frequency modulation (PFM) is adopted. The converter operates in a hybrid PWM/PFM mode under heavy load to balance load response speed and output ripple suppression; switches to fixed-frequency PWM mode at medium load for optimized conversion efficiency; and operates in PFM mode under light load to substantially reduce switching loss

thereby achieving high-efficiency control under various load conditions. Meanwhile

to break the dependence of conventional drive circuits on off-chip VDD capacitors

a high-voltage self-powered drive circuit without off-chip capacitors is designed. The circuit utilizes a depletion-mode junction field-effect transistor (JFET) to realize chip self-power supply and provides drive current for the gate of the power MOSFET through its parasitic capacitance

requiring only an integrated 220 pF on-chip VDD capacitor

which further reduces the number of peripheral devices and improves system integration. The proposed BUCK controller is designed and fabricated based on the BCD process (0.25 μm

700 V) . The chip integrates a power metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) and an on-chip VDD capacitor

with a core controller area of only 0.88 mm² excluding the power MOSFET. To further minimize peripheral components

the chip is co-packaged with a feedback diode and freewheeling diode

leaving only an energy-storage inductor and an output capacitor as peripheral devices besides the bridge rectifier. In addition

the converter mainly operates in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and enters continuous conduction mode (CCM) at full load

effectively reducing the volume of the output inductor. To verify the feasibility and performance of the proposed scheme

a dedicated test platform is built for comprehensive measurements. The test results show that the converter achieves a peak conversion efficiency of 78.4% at an input of 85 Vac and an output power of 1.5 W under extremely simple application conditions. It supports a wide input voltage range of 85-265 Vac with a stable 5 V output voltage. The load regulation is better than ±1.5%

the line regulation is better than 2.4%

and the maximum output current reaches 300 mA.

关键词

Keywords

references

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