A Survey of System Architectures and Key Technologies for Integrated Sensing and Communications in the Low-Altitude Economy

YANG Jie; LIU Fan; ZHENG Le; YUAN Weijie; LI Xiao; JIN Shi

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20260286

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

A Survey of System Architectures and Key Technologies for Integrated Sensing and Communications in the Low-Altitude Economy

Integrated Sensing and Communications Towards Low\-Altitude Economy | 更新时间：2026-10-16

- A Survey of System Architectures and Key Technologies for Integrated Sensing and Communications in the Low-Altitude Economy
- ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA Vol. 54, Issue 6, Pages: 2549-2569(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.东南大学自动化学院，江苏南京 210096
  2.东南大学信息科学与工程学院，江苏南京 211189
  3.北京理工大学信息与电子学院，北京 100081
  4.南方科技大学自动化与智能制造学院，广东深圳 518055
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFE0200103);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U25A20392;62301156;62522107;62331023);National Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230818)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20260286
  CLC： TN929.5;TN95
- Received：14 April 2026，
  
  Accepted：02 June 2026，
  
  Published：25 June 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
杨杰, 刘凡, 郑乐, 等. 面向低空经济的通感一体化系统架构与关键技术综述[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(06): 2549-2569.

YANG Jie, LIU Fan, ZHENG Le, et al. A Survey of System Architectures and Key Technologies for Integrated Sensing and Communications in the Low-Altitude Economy[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(06): 2549-2569.
杨杰, 刘凡, 郑乐, 等. 面向低空经济的通感一体化系统架构与关键技术综述[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(06): 2549-2569. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20260286

YANG Jie, LIU Fan, ZHENG Le, et al. A Survey of System Architectures and Key Technologies for Integrated Sensing and Communications in the Low-Altitude Economy[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(06): 2549-2569. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20260286

摘要

随着低空经济的快速发展，典型低空应用对通信与感知能力的需求持续攀升，推动了通感一体化网络的快速演进。尽管通感一体化已被确立为6G六大典型应用场景之一，现有研究多聚焦于地面用户，在低空连续覆盖、三维移动性管理、高精度感知等方面存在显著局限，难以支撑无人机群规模化协作与精准控制，亟须构建面向低空经济特征的ISAC系统性解决方案。此外，现有综述多局限于空口设计、组网协议或安全机制等离散技术点的罗列，缺乏从场景需求到体系架构、关键技术的整体性逻辑框架。因此，本文系统梳理了面向低空经济的通感一体化系统架构与关键技术进展。首先，剖析城市管理、物流配送、应急救援等六大典型场景下，对通信速率、时延、感知精度与范围的差异化性能指标需求。进而，凝练出涵盖系统架构设计、低慢小目标感知、高动态连续通信覆盖和面向应用的计算资源分配与安全管理四大核心研究问题。针对上述问题，本论文逐一展开综述：从无人机辅助、卫星辅助及基于O-RAN的系统架构出发，构建低空通感一体化的总体框架，融合低空信道测量与建模揭示低空场景中的传播特性，为系统设计提供模型支撑；围绕目标检测、识别、定位、轨迹监视与成像等内容，系统分析低空感知关键技术，形成对空域目标与环境状态的实时获取能力；在此基础上，探讨感知驱动的移动性管理、通信覆盖增强以及计算资源分配问题，通过轨迹规划、波束管理、多站切换、任务调度与通感算协同优化，实现感知信息对通信决策与控制闭环的赋能；针对隐蔽接入、恶意干扰及窃听等安全威胁，研究感知驱动的安全管理机制，并结合智能超表面、可移动天线阵列等新型空中载体，提升系统的鲁棒性与演进能力。最后，本文展望基于生成式人工智能的环境-信道知识库构建、面向大规模无人机群的深度闭环协同机理、低空复杂电磁环境下的特征提取与抗干扰鲁棒性增强等未来研究方向，以期为低空经济的高质量发展提供理论支撑与技术参考。

Abstract

With the rapid proliferation of the low-altitude economy

typical low-altitude applications are imposing escalating demands on communication and sensing capabilities

thereby driving the evolution of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) networks. Although ISAC has been recognized as one of the six flagship scenarios for 6G

existing research predominantly focuses on terrestrial users and exhibits significant limitations in achieving seamless low-altitude coverage

three-dimensional mobility management

and high-precision sensing. These shortcomings hinder the support for large-scale drone swarm collaboration and precise control

necessitating the development of systematic ISAC solutions tailored to the unique characteristics of the low-altitude economy. Furthermore

existing surveys often confine themselves to discrete technical aspects—such as air interface design

networking protocols

or security mechanisms—and lack a holistic logical framework bridging application requirements

system architecture

and key technologies. To address this gap

this paper provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in ISAC system architectures and key technologies for the low-altitude economy. First

we analyze the differentiated performance requirements—specifically regarding communication rate

latency

sensing accuracy

and range—across six canonical scenarios

including urban management

logistics delivery

and emergency response. Building on this analysis

four core research challenges are identified: system architecture design

detection and tracking of small

slow

and low targets

continuous communication coverage under high-dynamic conditions

and application-oriented computing resource allocation coupled with security management. Addressing these challenges

this paper presents a structured review: we construct an overarching framework for low-altitude ISAC based on UAV-assisted and satellite-assisted networks alongside O-RAN architectures

integrating low-altitude channel measurements and modeling to reveal propagation characteristics and provide a foundational model for system design; we systematically examine critical low-altitude sensing technologies encompassing target detection

recognition

localization

trajectory monitoring

and imaging to enable real-time situational awareness of airborne targets and environmental states; we explore sensing-driven mobility management and coverage enhancement mechanisms

addressing computing resource allocation through trajectory planning

beam management

multi-node handover

task scheduling

and joint communication-sensing-computing optimization

thereby empowering communication decision-making and closing the control loop; targeting security threats such as covert access

malicious jamming

and eavesdropping

we investigate sensing-driven security management protocols and leverage novel aerial platforms equipped with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces and movable antenna arrays to enhance system robustness and future scalability. Finally

we outline promising future directions

including the construction of environmental-channel knowledge bases using generative artificial intelligence

the deep closed-loop collaborative mechanisms for large-scale drone swarms

and robustness enhancement against feature extraction challenges and jamming in complex low-altitude electromagnetic environments. This review aims to provide theoretical support and technical insights for the sustainable development of the low-altitude economy.

关键词

Keywords

references

中华人民共和国国务院 . 政府工作报告(第十四届全国人民代表大会第二次会议) [EB/OL ] . ( 2024-03-20 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/fzggw/jgsj/zys/sjdt/202403/t20240320_1365089.html https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/fzggw/jgsj/zys/sjdt/202403/t20240320_1365089.html .

中国共产党中央委员会 . 中国共产党第二十届中央委员会第四次全体会议公报 [EB/OL ] . ( 2025-10-23 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202510/content_7045444.htm https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202510/content_7045444.htm .

International Telecommunication Union . Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2030 and beyond [EB/OL ] . ( 2025-10-23 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-M.2160/en https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-M.2160/en .

Liu An , Huang Zhe , Li Min , et al . A survey on fundamental limits of integrated sensing and communication [J ] . IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials , 2022 , 24 ( 2 ): 994 - 1034 . DOI: 10.1109/comst.2022.3149272 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comst.2022.3149272

Liu Fan , Cui Yuanhao , Masouros C , et al . Integrated sensing and communications: Toward dual-functional wireless networks for 6G and beyond [J ] . IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications , 2022 , 40 ( 6 ): 1728 - 1767 . DOI: 10.1109/jsac.2022.3156632 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2022.3156632

IMT-2030(6G)推进组 . 6G典型场景和关键能力 [EB/OL ] . ( 2022-08-22 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://www.imt2030.org.cn/html//default/zhongwen/xinwendongtai/1561631590004572162.html index=4 https://www.imt2030.org.cn/html//default/zhongwen/xinwendongtai/1561631590004572162.htmlindex=4 .

IMT-2030(6G)推进组 . 6G无线系统设计原则和典型特征 [EB/OL ] . ( 2023-12-06 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://www.imt2030.org.cn/html//default/zhongwen/xinwendongtai/732311991042777089.html index=4 https://www.imt2030.org.cn/html//default/zhongwen/xinwendongtai/732311991042777089.htmlindex=4 .

王勇 , 杨宇森 , 曾继民 , 等 . 低空经济视角下低空科技对低空产业发展的影响 [J ] . 中国科学院院刊 , 2025 , 40 ( 10 ): 1853 - 1866 . DOI: 10.3724/j.issn.1000-3045.20250708005 http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/j.issn.1000-3045.20250708005

Wang Yong , Yang Yusen , Zeng Jimin , et al . Impact of low-altitude technology on low-altitude industry development from perspective of low-altitude economy [J ] . Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 2025 , 40 ( 10 ): 1853 - 1866 . (in Chinese) . DOI: 10.3724/j.issn.1000-3045.20250708005 http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/j.issn.1000-3045.20250708005

Zhou Di , Sheng Min , Li Jiandong , et al . Aerospace integrated networks innovation for empowering 6G: A survey and future challenges [J ] . IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials , 2023 , 25 ( 2 ): 975 - 1019 . DOI: 10.1109/comst.2023.3245614 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comst.2023.3245614

Xiao Yue , Ye Ziqiang , Wu Mingming , et al . Space-air-ground integrated wireless networks for 6G: Basics, key technologies, and future trends [J ] . IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications , 2024 , 42 ( 12 ): 3327 - 3354 . DOI: 10.1109/jsac.2024.3492720 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2024.3492720

Huang Yuhong , Ding Haiyu , Chen Weiyan , et al . Towards a low-altitude aerial intelligent network: Vision, challenges, and key technologies [J ] . China Communications , 2025 , 22 ( 9 ): 1 - 21 . DOI: 10.23919/jcc.fa.2025-0117.202509 http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/jcc.fa.2025-0117.202509

Lu Mingquan , Yao Zheng , Shen Yuan , et al . Space-air-ground collaborative positioning, navigation and timing architecture and key technologies for low-altitude economy [J ] . China Communications , 2025 , 22 ( 9 ): 48 - 80 . DOI: 10.23919/jcc.fa.2025-0129.202509 http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/jcc.fa.2025-0129.202509

Wang Yixian , Sun Geng , Sun Zemin , et al . Toward realization of low-altitude economy networks: Core architecture, integrated technologies, and future directions [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking , 2025 , 11 ( 5 ): 2788 - 2820 . DOI: 10.1109/tccn.2025.3601015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3601015

Dong Chao , Wang Ying , Wang Wei , et al . Low-altitude centric space-air-ground integrated network: Evolutions, challenges, and countermeasures [J ] . IEEE Internet of Things Journal , 2025 , 12 ( 23 ): 50632 - 50641 . DOI: 10.1109/jiot.2025.3610434 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3610434

Jin Haijia , Yuan Weijie , Wu Jun , et al . Advancing the control of low-altitude wireless networks: Architecture, design principles, and future directions [J ] . npj Wireless Technology , 2026 , 2 ( 1 ): 2 . DOI: 10.1038/s44459-025-00010-1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s44459-025-00010-1

Wu Jun , Yang Yaoqi , Yuan Weijie , et al . Low-altitude wireless networks: A comprehensive survey [PP/OL ] . V2. arXiv ( 2025-11-24 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.11607 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.11607 .

胡杨林 , 张天魁 , 李博 , 等 . 无人机使能的通信感知一体化组网与技术研究综述 [J ] . 电子与信息学报 , 2025 , 47 ( 4 ): 859 - 875 .

Hu Yanglin , Zhang Tiankui , Li Bo , et al . A survey on UAV-enabled integrated sensing and communication networking and technologies [J ] . Journal of Electronics & Information Technology , 2025 , 47 ( 4 ): 859 - 875 . (in Chinese)

董超 , 崔灿 , 贾子晔 , 等 . 面向低空智联网的多维信息统一表征技术综述 [J ] . 电子与信息学报 , 2025 , 47 ( 5 ): 1215 - 1229 .

Dong Chao , Cui Can , Jia Ziye , et al . Survey of unified representation technology of multi-dimensional information for low altitude intelligent network [J ] . Journal of Electronics & Information Technology , 2025 , 47 ( 5 ): 1215 - 1229 . (in Chinese)

Ma Dingyou , Tang Jun , Zhang Qixun , et al . Integrated sensing and communications network design and key technologies for low-altitude economy [J ] . China Communications , 2025 , 22 ( 9 ): 81 - 102 . DOI: 10.23919/jcc.fa.2025-0139.202509 http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/jcc.fa.2025-0139.202509

朱政宇 , 温鑫平 , 李兴旺 , 等 . 面向低空经济的通感一体化关键技术 [J ] . 电子与信息学报 , 2026 , 48 ( 2 ): 471 - 486 . DOI: 10.11999/JEIT250747 http://dx.doi.org/10.11999/JEIT250747

Zhu Zhengyu , Wen Xinping , Li Xingwang , et al . An overview on integrated sensing and communication for low altitude economy [J ] . Journal of Electronics & Information Technology , 2026 , 48 ( 2 ): 471 - 486 . (in Chinese) . DOI: 10.11999/JEIT250747 http://dx.doi.org/10.11999/JEIT250747

Ahmed M , Soofi A A , Khan F , et al . Toward a sustainable low-altitude economy: A survey of energy-efficient RIS-UAV networks [J ] . IEEE Internet of Things Journal , 2025 , 12 ( 24 ): 51951 - 51975 . DOI: 10.1109/jiot.2025.3618483 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3618483

Cai Lingyi , Wang Jiacheng , Zhang Ruichen , et al . Secure physical layer communications for low-altitude economy networking: A survey [J ] . IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials , 2026 , 28 : 2497 - 2530 . DOI: 10.1109/comst.2025.3634768 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comst.2025.3634768

Sun Yan , Liu Yinqiu , Guo Shaoyong , et al . A synergy of computing power networks and low-altitude economy intelligent communications: Challenges, design principles, and research directions [PP/OL ] . V1. arXiv ( 2025-09-28 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.23810 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.23810 .

Huang Changqing , Fang Shifeng , Wu Hua , et al . Low-altitude intelligent transportation: System architecture, infrastructure, and key technologies [J ] . Journal of Industrial Information Integration , 2024 , 42 : 100694 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jii.2024.100694 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2024.100694

Yao Weixiang , Liu Changliang , Liu Yuzhou , et al . Unmanned aerial vehicle payload technology applications in agriculture and other low-altitude scenarios: A review [J ] . Frontiers in Plant Science , 2025 , 16 : 1721484 . DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1721484 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1721484

未来移动通信论坛 , 数字低空工作组 . 低空经济场景应用与通信需求白皮书 [EB/OL ] . ( 2025-04-15 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://www.g6gconference.com/upload/file/20250415174470695147.pdf https://www.g6gconference.com/upload/file/20250415174470695147.pdf .

He Dongxuan , Yuan Weijie , Wu Jun , et al . Ubiquitous UAV communication enabled low-altitude economy: Applications, techniques, and 3GPP’s efforts [J ] . IEEE Network , 2026 , 40 ( 1 ): 115 - 122 . DOI: 10.1109/mnet.2025.3574922 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2025.3574922

Song Yuxuan , Zeng Yong , Yang Yuhang , et al . An overview of cellular ISAC for low-altitude UAV: New opportunities and challenges [J ] . IEEE Communications Magazine , 2025 , 63 ( 12 ): 88 - 95 . DOI: 10.1109/mcom.002.2400742 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.002.2400742

He Shizhao , Wang Jiacheng , Liang Yingchang , et al . Satellite-assisted low-altitude economy networking: Concepts, applications, and opportunities [J ] . IEEE Wireless Communications , 2026 , 33 ( 3 ): 177 - 186 . DOI: 10.1109/mwc.2025.3603750 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2025.3603750

Toka L , Konrad M , Pekar A , et al . Integrating the skies for 6G: Techno-economic considerations of LEO, HAPS, and UAV technologies [J ] . IEEE Communications Magazine , 2024 , 62 ( 11 ): 44 - 51 . DOI: 10.1109/mcom.003.2400120 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.003.2400120

Yuan Weijie , Cui Yuanhao , Wang Jiacheng , et al . From ground to sky: Architectures, applications, and challenges shaping low-altitude wireless networks [PP/OL ] . V2. arXiv ( 2025-06-17 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.12308 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.12308 .

Abdalla A S , Marojevic V . Next generation intelligent low-altitude economy deployments: The O-RAN perspective [J ] . IEEE Wireless Communications , 2026 , 33 ( 1 ): 20 - 28 . DOI: 10.1109/mwc.2025.3630130 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2025.3630130

Khawaja W , Guvenc I , Matolak D W , et al . A survey of air-to-ground propagation channel modeling for unmanned aerial vehicles [J ] . IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials , 2019 , 21 ( 3 ): 2361 - 2391 . DOI: 10.1109/comst.2019.2915069 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comst.2019.2915069

Lyu Yue , Wang Wei , Sun Yuzhe , et al . Low-altitude UAV air-to-ground multilink channel modeling and analysis at 2.4 and 5.9 GHz [J ] . IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2023 , 22 ( 9 ): 2135 - 2139 . DOI: 10.1109/lawp.2023.3278330 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2023.3278330

Yang Xiaobo , Zhai Daosen , Zhang Ruonan , et al . A geometry-based stochastic channel model for UAV-to-ground integrated sensing and communication scenarios [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology , 2025 , 74 ( 4 ): 5307 - 5320 . DOI: 10.1109/tvt.2024.3510063 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3510063

Saboor A , Cui Zhuangzhuang , Colpaert A , et al . Trajectory-aware air-to-ground channel characterization for low-altitude UAVs using MaMIMO measurements [PP/OL ] . V1. arXiv ( 2025-10-27 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2510.23465 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2510.23465 .

莫清媚 , 张宇翔 , 刘亚萌 , 等 . 面向3GPP ISAC标准化的低空无人机场景路径损耗测量与建模 [J ] . 物联网学报 , 2024 , 8 ( 3 ): 16 - 25 . DOI: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2024.00426 http://dx.doi.org/10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2024.00426

Mo Qingmei , Zhang Yuxiang , Liu Yameng , et al . Path loss measurement and modeling for low-altitude UAV scenarios towards 3GPP ISAC standadization [J ] . Chinese Journal on Internet of Things , 2024 , 8 ( 3 ): 16 - 25 . (in Chinese) . DOI: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2024.00426 http://dx.doi.org/10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2024.00426

Liu Ting , Guan Ke , He Danping , et al . Object-oriented integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) channel modeling for low-altitude 3D spaces [J ] . IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications , 2026 , 44 : 805 - 819 . DOI: 10.1109/jsac.2025.3614588 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3614588

Liu Ting , Guan Ke , He Danping , et al . 6G integrated sensing and communications channel modeling: Challenges and opportunities [J ] . IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine , 2024 , 19 ( 2 ): 31 - 40 . DOI: 10.1109/mvt.2024.3373930 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2024.3373930

Wan Jiahua , Ren Hong , Pan Cunhua , et al . Sensing capacity for integrated sensing and communication systems in low-altitude economy [J ] . IEEE Communications Letters , 2025 , 29 ( 6 ): 1240 - 1244 . DOI: 10.1109/lcomm.2025.3558295 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2025.3558295

Huang Yiqian , Wu Gang , Yang Ping , et al . An adaptive MDS-coded OFDM waveform for low-altitude ISAC: Design and optimization [J ] . IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications , 2026 , 44 : 531 - 544 . DOI: 10.1109/jsac.2025.3607898 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3607898

Luo Hongliang , Chu Zhonghua , Zhang Tengyu , et al . AirGuard: UAV and bird recognition scheme for integrated sensing and communications system [J ] . IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications , 2026 , 44 : 835 - 848 . DOI: 10.1109/jsac.2025.3608760 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3608760

Zhu Keying , Zhou Xingyu , Yang Jie , et al . Super-resolution ISAC receivers: An MCMC-based gridless sparse Bayesian learning approach [PP/OL ] . V1. arXiv ( 2025-11-21 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.17062 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.17062 .

Tang Jun , Yu Yiming , Pan Cunhua , et al . Cooperative ISAC-empowered low-altitude economy [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications , 2025 , 24 ( 5 ): 3837 - 3853 . DOI: 10.1109/twc.2025.3542399 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3542399

Wu Haisu , Ren Hong , Pan Cunhua , et al . A two-stage ISAC framework for low-altitude economy based on 5G NR signals [PP/OL ] . V1. arXiv ( 2025-11-18 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.14529 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.14529 .

Zhang Zhenkun , Xu Yining , Pan Cunhua , et al . Cooperative bistatic ISAC systems for low-altitude economy [PP/OL ] . V2. arXiv ( 2025-11-18 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.18067 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.18067 .

Yan Kang , Xiang Luping , Zheng Kang , et al . UAV-Assisted integrated active and passive sensing with communication: A hybrid-SAC approach [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology , 2026 , 75 ( 4 ): 6323 - 6334 . DOI: 10.1109/tvt.2025.3623633 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3623633

Yan Shaoqiang , Luo Hongliang , Yang Ping , et al . UAV trajectory monitoring for integrated sensing and communications system [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications , 2026 , 25 : 2733 - 2747 . DOI: 10.1109/twc.2025.3598799 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3598799

Huang Yixuan , Yang Jie , Xia Shuqiang , et al . Learned off-grid imager for low-altitude economy with cooperative ISAC network [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications , 2026 , 25 : 3333 - 3348 . DOI: 10.1109/twc.2025.3603255 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3603255

Huang Yixuan , Yang Jie , Wen Chaokai , et al . Cooperative ISAC network for off-grid imaging-based low-altitude surveillance [C ] // 2025 IEEE 101st Vehicular Technology Conference . Piscataway : IEEE , 2025 : 1 - 7 . DOI: 10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174673 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vtc2025-spring65109.2025.11174673

Du Zhen , Liu Fan , Yang Jie , et al . Integrating low-altitude SAR imaging into UAV data backhaul [PP/OL ] . V1. arXiv ( 2025-12-26 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2512.21937 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2512.21937 .

Zheng Bowen , Liu Fan . Random signal design for joint communication and SAR imaging towards low-altitude economy [J ] . IEEE Wireless Communications Letters , 2024 , 13 ( 10 ): 2662 - 2666 . DOI: 10.1109/lwc.2024.3432892 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3432892

Ye Xiaowen , Mao Yuyi , Yu Xianghao , et al . Integrated sensing and communications for low-altitude economy: A deep reinforcement learning approach [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications , 2026 , 25 : 351 - 367 . DOI: 10.1109/twc.2025.3583950 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3583950

Cheng Gaoyuan , Song Xianxin , Lyu Zhonghao , et al . Networked ISAC for low-altitude economy: Coordinated transmit beamforming and UAV trajectory design [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Communications , 2025 , 73 ( 8 ): 5832 - 5847 . DOI: 10.1109/tcomm.2025.3541027 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3541027

Jiang Yifan , Wu Qingqing , Hui Hongxun , et al . Low-altitude UAV tracking via sensing-assisted predictive beamforming [PP/OL ] . V1. arXiv ( 2025-09-16 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.12698 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.12698 .

Wang Zhiying , Chen Jinghui , Sun Gang , et al . Joint energy-efficient task scheduling and trajectory optimization for multi-UAV MEC networks in low-altitude economy [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking , 2026 , 12 : 3058 - 3072 . DOI: 10.1109/tccn.2025.3627914 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3627914

Li Yang , Zhang Ruichen , Liu Yinqiu , et al . Efficient onboard vision-language inference in UAV-enabled low-altitude economy networks via LLM-enhanced optimization [PP/OL ] . V1. arXiv ( 2025-10-11 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2510.10028 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2510.10028 .

Wang Yiqian , Huang Jianping , Shan Feng , et al . Optimizing joint speed and altitude schedule for UAV data collection in low-altitude airspace [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing , 2025 , 24 ( 12 ): 13600 - 13614 . DOI: 10.1109/tmc.2025.3591698 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3591698

Li Haojin , Zhang Anbang , Sun Chen , et al . Empower low-altitude economy: A reliability-aware dynamic weighting allocation for multi-modal UAV beam prediction [PP/OL ] . V1. arXiv ( 2025-12-30 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2512.24324 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2512.24324 .

Zhao Chuanbin , Feng Yuan , Luo Hongliang , et al . Networked ISAC-based UAV tracking and handover toward low-altitude economy [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications , 2025 , 24 ( 9 ): 7670 - 7685 . DOI: 10.1109/twc.2025.3562396 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3562396

Li Jiaxuan , Chen Yilong , Liu Fan , et al . Channel knowledge map enabled low-altitude ISAC networks: Joint air corridor planning and base station deployment [J ] . IEEE Wireless Communications Letters , 2026 , 15 : 975 - 979 . DOI: 10.1109/lwc.2025.3642429 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2025.3642429

Zhou Sheng , Xie Bowen , Shen Daohong , et al . Agile coverage for low-altitude aerial intelligent networks: A blended hyper-cellular solution [J ] . China Communications , 2025 , 22 ( 9 ): 22 - 36 . DOI: 10.23919/jcc.fa.2025-0115.202509 http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/jcc.fa.2025-0115.202509

Wei Qing , Li Ruoguang , Bai Wenle , et al . Multi-UAV-enabled energy-efficient data delivery for low-altitude economy: Joint coded caching, user grouping, and UAV deployment [J ] . IEEE Internet of Things Journal , 2025 , 12 ( 14 ): 27519 - 27532 . DOI: 10.1109/jiot.2025.3562872 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3562872

Zheng Xiaoya , Sun Geng , Li Jiahui , et al . UAV swarm-enabled collaborative post-disaster communications in low altitude economy via a two-stage optimization approach [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing , 2025 , 24 ( 11 ): 11833 - 11851 . DOI: 10.1109/tmc.2025.3583510 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3583510

Wu Pengfei , Xiao Fu , Sha Chao , et al . Service-oriented segmented trajectory design for low-altitude UAV-assisted MEC networks [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing , 2026 , 25 ( 2 ): 2027 - 2044 . DOI: 10.1109/tmc.2025.3605865 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3605865

Sun Kexin , Yang Jie , Wen Chaokai , et al . Channel charting for UAV navigation in RIS-assisted ISAC systems [J ] . IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Electromagnetics, Antennas and Propagation , 2025 , 1 ( 1 ): 223 - 236 . DOI: 10.1109/jsteap.2025.3610798 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsteap.2025.3610798

Hu Bintao , Liu Hengyan , Du Jianbo , et al . MADQN-enhanced computation offloading and resource allocation for 6G low-altitude economy vehicular networks [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking , 2026 , 12 : 2603 - 2617 . DOI: 10.1109/tccn.2025.3586868 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2025.3586868

Xue Lei , Hu Yuwen , Ye Haichuan , et al . Dynamic task allocation of edge-cloud system for low-altitude economy via multiagent actor-critic-queuing computational framework [J ] . IEEE Internet of Things Journal , 2026 , 13 ( 4 ): 5655 - 5668 . DOI: 10.1109/jiot.2025.3621859 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3621859

Fu Yang , Qin Peng , Tang Guoming , et al . Joint design of sensing, communication, and computation for multi-AAV-enabled over-the-air federated learning [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology , 2025 , 74 ( 9 ): 13909 - 13924 . DOI: 10.1109/tvt.2025.3559147 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3559147

Liu Congcong , Zhao Junhui , Li Jiamin , et al . UAV aided integrated sensing, communication and computing: Optimization via federated learning [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology , 2026 , 75 ( 4 ): 6045 - 6058 . DOI: 10.1109/tvt.2025.3619529 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3619529

Hou Peng , Huang Yi , Zhu Hongbin , et al . Distributed DRL-based integrated sensing, communication, and computation in cooperative UAV-enabled intelligent transportation systems [J ] . IEEE Internet of Things Journal , 2025 , 12 ( 5 ): 5792 - 5806 . DOI: 10.1109/jiot.2024.3489655 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3489655

He Long , Sun Geng , Sun Zemin , et al . Digital twin-assisted space-air-ground integrated multi-access edge computing for low-altitude economy: An online decentralized optimization approach [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing , 2026 , 25 ( 3 ): 4363 - 4380 . DOI: 10.1109/tmc.2025.3623636 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3623636

Mao Weihao , Lu Yang , Ai Bo , et al . Covert communications in MEC-based networked ISAC systems towards low-altitude economy [PP/OL ] . V1. arXiv ( 2025-07-24 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2507.18194 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2507.18194 .

Li Zhuoran , Gao Zhen , Wang Kuiyu , et al . Unauthorized UAV countermeasure for low-altitude economy: Joint communications and jamming based on MIMO cellular systems [J ] . IEEE Internet of Things Journal , 2025 , 12 ( 6 ): 6659 - 6672 . DOI: 10.1109/jiot.2024.3491796 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2024.3491796

Wang Jiacheng , Zhao Changyuan , Niyato D , et al . Stackelberg game-driven defense for ISAC against channel attacks in low-altitude networks [PP/OL ] . V1. arXiv ( 2025-11-09 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.06359 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.06359 .

Wang Jiacheng , He Jialing , Sun Geng , et al . Safeguarding ISAC performance in low-altitude wireless networks under channel access attack [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security , 2026 , 21 : 3108 - 3122 . DOI: 10.1109/tifs.2026.3675426 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3675426

Liu Fuhao , Mu Junsheng , Xu Wentao , et al . Toward secure and energy-efficient ISAC in low-altitude IoT: A game-theoretic DRL framework with adaptive sensing [J ] . IEEE Internet of Things Journal , 2025 , 12 ( 24 ): 53202 - 53214 . DOI: 10.1109/jiot.2025.3617537 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3617537

Wang Jiacheng , Zhao Changyuan , He Jialing , et al . Security-aware joint sensing, communication, and computing optimization in low altitude wireless networks [PP/OL ] . V1. arXiv ( 2025-11-03 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.01451 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.01451 .

Wang Honghao , Wu Qingqing , Jiang Yifan , et al . Reconfigurable airspace: Synergizing movable antenna and intelligent surface for low-altitude ISAC networks [PP/OL ] . V1. arXiv ( 2025-11-13 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.10310 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.10310 .

Li Shuaijun , Tang Jie , Zheng Beixiong , et al . Rotatable antenna system empowered low-altitude economy: Opportunities and challenges [J ] . IEEE Wireless Communications , 2026 , 33 ( 1 ): 116 - 123 . DOI: 10.1109/mwc.2025.3628811 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2025.3628811

Liu Wenchao , Zhang Xuhui , Wang Chunjie , et al . Fluid antenna systems meet low-altitude wireless networks: Fundamentals, opportunities, and future directions [PP/OL ] . V2. arXiv ( 2025-09-25 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.13250 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.13250 .

Liu Shuai , Yang Helin , Du Honglin . Aerial RIS-assisted integrated sensing and semantic communication for low-altitude maritime intelligent networks [C ] // 2025 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China . Piscataway : IEEE , 2025 : 1 - 6 . DOI: 10.1109/icccworkshops67136.2025.11148165 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccworkshops67136.2025.11148165

Xie Wenwen , Sun Geng , Liu Bei , et al . Joint optimization of UAV-carried IRS for urban low altitude mmWave communications with deep reinforcement learning [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing , 2026 , 25 ( 1 ): 1381 - 1397 . DOI: 10.1109/tmc.2025.3600682 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3600682

Lu Haiquan , Zeng Yong , Ma Shaodan , et al . Wireless communication for low-altitude economy with UAV swarm enabled two-level movable antenna system [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications , 2026 , 25 : 16463 - 16479 . DOI: 10.1109/twc.2026.3689048 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3689048

Lu Haiquan , Zeng Yong , Ma Shaodan , et al . Enabling aerial movable antenna system with UAV swarm for low-altitude economy [C ] // 2025 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China . Piscataway : IEEE , 2025 : 1 - 6 . DOI: 10.1109/icccworkshops67136.2025.11148194 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccworkshops67136.2025.11148194

Kuang Ziming , Liu Wenchao , Wang Chunjie , et al . Movable-antenna array empowered ISAC systems for low-altitude economy [C ] // 2024 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China . Piscataway : IEEE , 2024 : 776 - 781 . DOI: 10.1109/icccworkshops62562.2024.10693833 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccworkshops62562.2024.10693833

Wu Jun , Yuan Weijie , Zhang Xiaoqi , et al . Toward multi-functional LAWNs with ISAC: Opportunities, challenges, and the road ahead [PP/OL ] . V1. arXiv ( 2025-08-24 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.17354 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.17354 .

Lyu Zhonghao , Gao Yulan , Chen Junting , et al . Empowering intelligent low-altitude economy with large AI model deployment [J ] . IEEE Wireless Communications , 2026 , 33 ( 1 ): 64 - 72 . DOI: 10.1109/mwc.2025.3631765 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2025.3631765

Yang Yaoqi , Chen Yong , Wang Jiacheng , et al . Embodied AI-empowered low altitude economy: Integrated sensing, communications, computation, and control (ISC3) [PP/OL ] . V1. arXiv ( 2024-12-28 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.19996 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.19996 .

Sun Geng , Qi Jia , Zhang Chuang , et al . Generative artificial intelligence for beamforming in low-altitude economy [J ] . IEEE Wireless Communications , 2026 , 33 ( 4 ): 117 - 127 . DOI: 10.1109/mwc.2025.3623988 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2025.3623988

Zhao Changyuan , Wang Jiacheng , Zhang Ruichen , et al . Generative AI-enabled wireless communications for robust low-altitude economy networking [J ] . IEEE Wireless Communications , 2026 , 33 ( 2 ): 143 - 151 . DOI: 10.1109/mwc.2025.3597910 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2025.3597910

Chen Junting , Li Bowen , Sun Hao , et al . Predictive communications for low-altitude networks [J ] . IEEE Internet of Things Magazine , 2026 , 9 ( 3 ): 25 - 32 . DOI: 10.1109/miot.2026.3658070 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/miot.2026.3658070

Xu Jinpeng , Zhou Lin , Zhang Shuowen , et al . Intelligent foundation model-enabled low-altitude FANETs: Integrating communication, control, sensing, and security [J ] . IEEE Internet of Things Magazine , 2026 , 9 ( 2 ): 84 - 92 . DOI: 10.1109/miot.2025.3648205 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/miot.2025.3648205

Sun Yan , Liu Yinqiu , Guo Shaoyong , et al . Toward integrated air-ground computing and communications: A synergy of computing power networks and low-altitude economy network [PP/OL ] . V1. arXiv ( 2025-11-24 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.18720 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.18720 .

Song Mengshu , Lin Yijing , Wang Jiacheng , et al . Trustworthy intelligent networks for low-altitude economy [J ] . IEEE Communications Magazine , 2025 , 63 ( 7 ): 72 - 79 . DOI: 10.1109/mcom.001.2400692 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.2400692

Jia Ziye , He Jia , Cui Yuanhao , et al . Hierarchical low-altitude wireless network empowered air traffic management [PP/OL ] . V1. arXiv ( 2025-09-03 )[ 2026-01-05 ] . https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.03386 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.03386 .

Views

241

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Integrated Sensing and Communication With 3D MIMO OTFS Toward Low-Altitude UAV Surveillance

A Low-Overhead Channel Estimation Algorithm for Near-Field Distributed XL-MIMO Systems

ADPM-Based Secure Beamforming Design Method for Low-Altitude Integrated Sensing and Communication

Research on Joint Allocation of Multi-Dimensional Resources for UAV-Ground Base Station Coordinated Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems

Knowledge-Augmented Grounded Image Narrative Generation

Related Author

SHAN Chengzhao

ZHANG Ruoyu

HE Haojie

ZHAO Tianyu

PANG Lihua

REN Yaxin

ZHANG Yang

GAO Chongbai

Related Institution

School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology

School of Communication and Information Engineering, School of Integrated Circuits, Nanjing Institute of Technology

Key Laboratory of Near-Range RF Sensing ICs & Microsystems (NJUST), Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology

The State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University

Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University

⁰