基于特斯拉线圈的脉冲式小型化低频天线设计

张宸熙; 张庭恺; 吴诗莹; 曾梓伦; 许建春

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20250842

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基于特斯拉线圈的脉冲式小型化低频天线设计

学术论文 | 更新时间：2026-10-16

- 基于特斯拉线圈的脉冲式小型化低频天线设计
- Design of a Pulsed Miniaturized Low-Frequency Antenna Based on the Tesla Coil
- 电子学报 2026年54卷第6期页码：2837-2845
- 作者机构：
  
  北京邮电大学信息光子学与光通信国家重点实验室（物理科学与技术学院），北京100876
- 作者简介：
  
  张宸熙男，2004年10月出生于安徽省蚌埠市。现为北京邮电大学本科生，应用物理学专业。主要研究方向为天线和电磁波理论。E-mail: zhangchenxi@bupt.edu.cn
  张庭恺男，2005年1月出生于山东省临沂市。现为北京邮电大学本科生，电子科学与技术专业。主要研究方向为天线和电磁波理论。E-mail: 2023210712@bupt.edu.cn
  吴诗莹女，2004年12月出生于四川省成都市。现为北京邮电大学本科生，信息工程专业。主要研究方向为天线和电磁波理论。E-mail: wushiying@bupt.edu.cn
  曾梓伦男，2001年3月出生于云南省弥勒市。北京邮电大学物理科学与技术学院博士研究生。主要研究方向为电磁超材料与低频天线。E-mail: zzlzz@bupt.edu.cn
  许建春男，1991年3月出生于福建省福清市。北京邮电大学物理科学与技术学院副教授、博士生导师。主要研究方向包括超材料、轨道角动量天线、机械天线和宽带天线。E-mail: jianchun_xu@bupt.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  北京市自然科学基金“启研”计划(QY24196);北京市自然科学基金(JQ22010);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2023ZCJH03);国家自然科学基金(U2241243;52372101);信息光子学与光通信国家重点实验室(IPOC2024ZT13);北京邮电大学教学改革项目(2024Y010)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250842
  中图分类号： TN822+.1;TN823+.15
- 收稿：2025-09-25，
  
  录用：2026-06-01，
  
  纸质出版：2026-06-25
- 稿件说明：
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张宸熙, 张庭恺, 吴诗莹, 等. 基于特斯拉线圈的脉冲式小型化低频天线设计[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(06): 2837-2845.

ZHANG Chenxi, ZHANG Tingkai, WU Shiying, et al. Design of a Pulsed Miniaturized Low-Frequency Antenna Based on the Tesla Coil[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(06): 2837-2845.
张宸熙, 张庭恺, 吴诗莹, 等. 基于特斯拉线圈的脉冲式小型化低频天线设计[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(06): 2837-2845. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250842

ZHANG Chenxi, ZHANG Tingkai, WU Shiying, et al. Design of a Pulsed Miniaturized Low-Frequency Antenna Based on the Tesla Coil[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(06): 2837-2845. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250842

摘要

低频电磁波（300 kHz以下）具有穿透性强、传输损耗低等天然优势，能够在海水、土壤、建筑物等复杂损耗介质中实现稳定可靠的无线通信。然而，受电尺寸原理限制，天线的物理尺寸需与工作波长可比（通常大于十分之一波长）才能获得足够的辐射效率，因此传统低频天线往往需要上百米，难以满足现代跨介质通信应用中对设备便携性与快速部署的迫切需求。本文提出一种基于特斯拉线圈磁谐振原理并采用高压脉冲激励的小型化低频天线设计方案，在千分之一工作波长尺寸下实现远距离信号传输。该设计利用磁谐振结构使次级回路电流显著放大，并采用阻抗匹配变压器将信号源能量高效传输至高阻磁谐振线圈，从而实现磁场增强；同时，引入高压脉冲激励，使天线在相同平均功耗下获得更高的瞬时峰值磁场，且有效抑制连续大电流导致的发热问题，兼顾了辐射能力与系统可靠性。通过系统参数优化，本文制备了工作于200 kHz低频（Low Frequency，LF）、尺寸为70 cm的天线样机。实验结果表明，该天线采用高压脉冲激励时，接收端信号峰值电压达到连续波激励的2.07倍；相较于同匝数单线圈结构，磁谐振耦合结构使接收功率提升约13.8 dB，信号强度增强4.9倍，验证了脉冲激励与磁谐振协同作用对辐射场强的提升效果。在此基础上，本文开展室外远距离通信测试，该天线在800 W峰值功率驱动下，于校园复杂电磁环境中实现了400 m远距离通信，接收磁场强度达0.27 pT。面向应急通信对超便携与强穿透能力的需求，本文进一步研制了工作于30 kHz甚低频（Very Low Frequency，VLF）、整机尺寸仅10 cm × 7 cm × 4 cm的便携式天线，在20 W输入功率下，该天线成功穿透三层钢筋混凝土楼板，实现15 m跨介质可靠传输。本文所提方案通过高压脉冲激励与磁谐振放大的协同设计，在厘米至分米尺度下实现远距离空气通信与跨介质强穿透，为应急通信、地下救援及水下传感器网络等场景提供了小型化解决方案。

Abstract

Low-frequency electromagnetic waves (below 300 kHz) have natural advantages such as strong penetration and low transmission loss

enabling stable and reliable wireless communication in complex lossy media including seawater

soil

and buildings. However

limited by the electrical size constraint

the physical dimensions of an antenna need to be comparable to the operating wavelength (typically greater than one-tenth of the wavelength) to achieve sufficient radiation efficiency. Consequently

conventional low-frequency antennas often require enormous sizes of hundreds of meters

making it difficult to meet the urgent demands of modern cross-media communication applications for device portability and rapid deployment. In this work

a miniaturized low-frequency antenna design based on the Tesla coil magnetic resonance principle and high-voltage pulse excitation is proposed

achieving long-distance signal transmission at a size of one-thousandth of the operating wavelength. The design significantly amplifies the current in the secondary circuit through the magnetic resonance structure

and employs an impedance matching transformer to efficiently transfer energy from the signal source to the high-impedance magnetic resonance coil

thereby enhancing the magnetic field. Meanwhile

high-voltage pulse excitation is introduced

enabling the antenna to obtain a higher instantaneous peak magnetic field under the same average power consumption while effectively suppressing the heating problem caused by continuous high current

thus balancing radiation capability and system reliability. Through systematic parameter optimization

this paper fabricated an antenna prototype operating at 200 kHz low frequency (LF) with a size of 70 cm. Experimental results show that when the antenna is driven by high-voltage pulse excitation

the received signal peak voltage reaches 2.07 times that of continuous wave excitation. Moreover

compared with a single-coil structure with the same number of turns

the magnetic resonance coupling structure increases the received power by about 13.8 dB

corresponding to a signal strength enhancement of 4.9 times

verifying the significant improvement of the synergistic effect of pulse excitation and magnetic resonance on the radiation field strength. On this basis

an outdoor long-distance communication test was conducted. Driven by a peak power of 800 W

the antenna achieved a communication distance of 400 m in a complex campus electromagnetic environment

with a received magnetic field strength of 0.27 pT. To meet the demands of emergency communication for ultra-portability and strong penetration capability

a portable antenna operating at 30 kHz very low frequency (VLF) with overall dimensions of only 10 cm × 7 cm × 4 cm was further developed. Under an input power of 20 W

the antenna successfully achieved reliable cross-medium transmission through three reinforced concrete floors over a distance of 15 m. The proposed scheme

through the synergistic design of high-voltage pulse excitation and magnetic resonance amplification

enables both long-range communication and high-penetration cross-medium communication at centimeter-to-decimeter scales

providing a miniaturized solution for applications such as emergency communication

underground rescue

and underwater sensor networks.

关键词

Keywords

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