受蜂鸟鹰蛾启发的仿生全向自适应压电振动发电机研究

潘兴宇; 王杨洋; 张家豪; 王光庆

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20251011

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受蜂鸟鹰蛾启发的仿生全向自适应压电振动发电机研究

学术论文 | 更新时间：2026-10-16

- 受蜂鸟鹰蛾启发的仿生全向自适应压电振动发电机研究
- Hummingbird Hawkmoth-Inspired Omnidirectional Adaptive Piezoelectric Vibration Generator
- 电子学报 2026年54卷第6期页码：2706-2726
- 作者机构：
  
  1.浙江工商大学信息与电子工程学院，浙江杭州 310018
  2.浙江工商大学萨塞克斯人工智能学院，浙江杭州 310018
- 作者简介：
  
  潘兴宇男，2002年2月出生于浙江省台州市。现为浙江工商大学信息与电子工程学院硕士研究生。主要研究方向为压电振动能量采集器。 E-mail: 1121301189@qq.com
  王杨洋男，1999年1月出生于江苏省南通市。现为浙江工商大学信息与电子工程学院硕士研究生。主要研究方向为振动能量采集、机器学习。 E-mail: 2549075913@qq.com
  张家豪男，2000年9月出生于福建省漳州市。现为浙江工商大学信息与电子工程学院硕士研究生。主要研究方向为可穿戴式自供电传感器件。 E-mail: 24020090126@pop.zjgsu.edu.cn
  王光庆男，1975年12月出生于江西省吉安市。现为浙江工商大学信息与电子工程学院长聘教授。主要研究方向为低功耗电子器件自供电技术、智能信息处理和微机器人等。 E-mail: kele76@163.com
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(52475611);浙江省自然科学基金(LY24E070002)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20251011
  中图分类号： TN712;
- 收稿：2026-02-11，
  
  录用：2026-06-02，
  
  纸质出版：2026-06-25
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
潘兴宇, 王杨洋, 张家豪, 等. 受蜂鸟鹰蛾启发的仿生全向自适应压电振动发电机研究[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(06): 2706-2726.

PAN Xingyu, WANG Yangyang, ZHANG Jiahao, et al. Hummingbird Hawkmoth-Inspired Omnidirectional Adaptive Piezoelectric Vibration Generator[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(06): 2706-2726.
潘兴宇, 王杨洋, 张家豪, 等. 受蜂鸟鹰蛾启发的仿生全向自适应压电振动发电机研究[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(06): 2706-2726. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20251011

PAN Xingyu, WANG Yangyang, ZHANG Jiahao, et al. Hummingbird Hawkmoth-Inspired Omnidirectional Adaptive Piezoelectric Vibration Generator[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(06): 2706-2726. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20251011

摘要

随着物联网技术的快速发展，海量低功耗微纳器件（如无线传感器节点）的供电问题日益突出。传统电池供电方式面临更换频繁、维护成本高、环境污染严重等挑战，因此发展自供电技术成为当前研究的热点。压电振动发电机因其能量密度高、结构简单、易于集成等优势，在解决低功耗器件自供电问题方面展现出巨大潜力。本文受蜂鸟鹰蛾在空中悬停时展现出的强稳定性调控能力启发，提出了一种仿生蜂鸟鹰蛾的无源全向自适应压电振动发电机。该发电机由深沟球轴承构成的旋转部件与安装在旋转部件中心的压电悬臂梁组成，其中压电悬臂梁的上下弯曲振动模仿蜂鸟鹰蛾翅膀的上下拍振，而压电悬臂梁的自适应旋转运动则模仿蜂鸟鹰蛾绕质心的自适应悬停运动，从而实现全向自适应调节与稳定性调控，显著提升了发电机对不同方向环境振动的适应能力。基于能量法建立了发电机的分布参数机电耦合非线性动力学模型，深入揭示了弯曲振动模态与旋转运动之间的耦合行为。通过数值仿真与实验测试相结合的方法，系统研究了发电机在不同初始旋转角度（0°~360°）条件下的自适应方向调节特性、稳定性机理及动力学响应。研究结果表明：所提出的仿生全向自适应压电振动发电机能够在任意方向的外部激励下，通过无源自适应旋转调节，使压电悬臂梁最终稳定在与激励方向一致的位置，并保持大幅值的弯曲振动输出。与传统固定式或阵列式多方向压电发电机相比，该发电机无需多悬臂梁组合或复杂异形结构，仅采用单一压电悬臂梁即可实现0°~360°全向高效能量采集，结构紧凑、空间利用率高、可靠性强。实验结果显示，在不同初始夹角下，发电机稳定后的输出电压均可达到约29 V，输出功率稳定在830 µW左右，平均功率密度高达29 340 µW/cm³。当外部激励方向与悬臂梁初始方向垂直时，传统线性压电发电机基本失效，而本文发电机仍能通过自适应调节恢复至最佳工作状态。本文提出的仿生全向自适应压电振动发电机对提升压电振动发电机的转换效率、解决低功耗微纳器件的自供电问题提供了重要的理论和技术参考。

Abstract

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things

the power supply problem for vast numbers of low-power micro/nano devices

such as wireless sensor nodes

has become increasingly prominent. Conventional battery-based power supply faces challenges including frequent replacement

high maintenance costs

and serious environmental pollution

making self-powered technologies a current research hotspot. Piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters exhibit great potential in solving the self-powering issue of low-power devices owing to their high energy density

simple structure

and ease of integration. Inspired by the strong stability regulation capability demonstrated by the hummingbird hawk-moth during hovering flight

this paper proposes a bio-inspired passive omnidirectional adaptive piezoelectric vibration energy harvester. The harvester consists of a rotating component formed by a deep groove ball bearing and a piezoelectric cantilever beam installed at the center of the rotating component. The up-and-down bending vibration of the cantilever beam mimics the flapping of the hummingbird hawk-moth’s wings

while the adaptive rotational motion of the cantilever beam mimics the moth’s adaptive hovering rotation around its center of mass

thereby achieving omnidirectional adaptive adjustment and stability regulation and significantly enhancing adaptability to environmental vibrations from different directions. Based on the energy method

a distributed-parameter electromechanically coupled nonlinear dynamic model is established

deeply revealing the coupling behavior between the bending vibration mode and the rotational motion. Through a combination of numerical simulation and experimental testing

the adaptive orientation adjustment characteristics

stability mechanism

and dynamic response of the harvester under different initial rotational angles ranging from 0° to 360° are systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that the proposed bio-inspired omnidirectional adaptive piezoelectric vibration energy harvester can

under external excitation in any direction

passively and adaptively rotate such that the piezoelectric cantilever beam ultimately stabilizes at a position aligned with the excitation direction while maintaining large-amplitude bending vibration output. Compared with traditional fixed or array-type multidirectional piezoelectric energy harvesters

the proposed harvester requires neither multiple cantilever beam combinations nor complex irregular structures; it achieves efficient omnidirectional energy harvesting from 0° to 360° using only a single piezoelectric cantilever beam

featuring a compact structure

high space utilization

and strong reliability. Experimental results show that under different initial included angles

the stabilized output voltage of the harvester reaches approximately 29 V

the output power stabilizes at around 830 µW

and the average power density is as high as 29 340 µW/cm³. When the external excitation direction is perpendicular to the initial direction of the cantilever beam

traditional linear piezoelectric energy harvesters essentially fail

whereas the proposed harvester can still recover to its optimal working state through adaptive adjustment. The proposed bio-inspired omnidirectional adaptive piezoelectric vibration energy harvester provides important theoretical and technical references for improving the conversion efficiency of piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters and solving the self-powering problem of low-power micro/nano devices.

关键词

Keywords

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