面向低空经济的通感一体化系统架构与关键技术综述

杨杰; 刘凡; 郑乐; 袁伟杰; 李潇; 金石

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20260286

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面向低空经济的通感一体化系统架构与关键技术综述

面向低空经济的通信感知一体化技术 | 更新时间：2026-10-16

- 面向低空经济的通感一体化系统架构与关键技术综述
- A Survey of System Architectures and Key Technologies for Integrated Sensing and Communications in the Low-Altitude Economy
- 电子学报 2026年54卷第6期页码：2549-2569
- 作者机构：
  
  1.东南大学自动化学院，江苏南京 210096
  2.东南大学信息科学与工程学院，江苏南京 211189
  3.北京理工大学信息与电子学院，北京 100081
  4.南方科技大学自动化与智能制造学院，广东深圳 518055
- 作者简介：
  
  杨杰女，1993年出生于安徽省六安市。现为东南大学自动化学院讲师、硕士生导师。主要研究方向为通信感知一体化、毫米波通信、人工智能。中国电子学会会员编号：E190030248M。E-mail: yangjie@seu.edu.cn
  刘凡男，1992年出生于湖北省潜江市。现为东南大学信息科学与工程学院教授、博士生导师。主要研究方向为6G无线通信、通信感知一体化、低空无线网络。中国电子学会会员编号：E190022709M。E-mail: fan.liu@seu.edu.cn
  郑乐男，1987年出生于河北省石家庄市。现为北京理工大学雷达技术研究院教授、博士生导师。主要研究方向为雷达信号与信息处理、通信感知一体化。E-mail: le.zheng.cn@gmail.com
  袁伟杰男，1991年出生于四川省达州市。现为南方科技大学自动化与智能制造学院副教授、博士生导师。主要研究方向为通感一体化、车联网、低空无线网络通信、OTFS调制等。中国电子学会会员编号：E190024954M。E-mail: yuanwj@sustech.edu.cn
  李潇女，1982年出生于安徽省蚌埠市。现为东南大学信息科学与工程学院教授、博士生导师。主要研究方向为智能超表面辅助的移动通信、人工智能在无线通信中的应用等。中国电子学会会员编号：E190028463S。E-mail: li_xiao@seu.edu.cn
  金石男，1974年出生于安徽省黄山市。现为东南大学信息科学与工程学院教授、博士生导师。主要研究方向为无线通信、随机矩阵理论和信息论。中国电子学会会员编号：E190009596F。E-mail: jinshi@seu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划(2024YFE0200103);国家自然科学基金(U25A20392;62301156;62522107;62331023);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20230818)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20260286
  中图分类号： TN929.5;TN95
- 收稿：2026-04-14，
  
  录用：2026-06-02，
  
  纸质出版：2026-06-25
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
杨杰, 刘凡, 郑乐, 等. 面向低空经济的通感一体化系统架构与关键技术综述[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(06): 2549-2569.

YANG Jie, LIU Fan, ZHENG Le, et al. A Survey of System Architectures and Key Technologies for Integrated Sensing and Communications in the Low-Altitude Economy[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(06): 2549-2569.
杨杰, 刘凡, 郑乐, 等. 面向低空经济的通感一体化系统架构与关键技术综述[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(06): 2549-2569. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20260286

YANG Jie, LIU Fan, ZHENG Le, et al. A Survey of System Architectures and Key Technologies for Integrated Sensing and Communications in the Low-Altitude Economy[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(06): 2549-2569. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20260286

摘要

随着低空经济的快速发展，典型低空应用对通信与感知能力的需求持续攀升，推动了通感一体化网络的快速演进。尽管通感一体化已被确立为6G六大典型应用场景之一，现有研究多聚焦于地面用户，在低空连续覆盖、三维移动性管理、高精度感知等方面存在显著局限，难以支撑无人机群规模化协作与精准控制，亟须构建面向低空经济特征的ISAC系统性解决方案。此外，现有综述多局限于空口设计、组网协议或安全机制等离散技术点的罗列，缺乏从场景需求到体系架构、关键技术的整体性逻辑框架。因此，本文系统梳理了面向低空经济的通感一体化系统架构与关键技术进展。首先，剖析城市管理、物流配送、应急救援等六大典型场景下，对通信速率、时延、感知精度与范围的差异化性能指标需求。进而，凝练出涵盖系统架构设计、低慢小目标感知、高动态连续通信覆盖和面向应用的计算资源分配与安全管理四大核心研究问题。针对上述问题，本论文逐一展开综述：从无人机辅助、卫星辅助及基于O-RAN的系统架构出发，构建低空通感一体化的总体框架，融合低空信道测量与建模揭示低空场景中的传播特性，为系统设计提供模型支撑；围绕目标检测、识别、定位、轨迹监视与成像等内容，系统分析低空感知关键技术，形成对空域目标与环境状态的实时获取能力；在此基础上，探讨感知驱动的移动性管理、通信覆盖增强以及计算资源分配问题，通过轨迹规划、波束管理、多站切换、任务调度与通感算协同优化，实现感知信息对通信决策与控制闭环的赋能；针对隐蔽接入、恶意干扰及窃听等安全威胁，研究感知驱动的安全管理机制，并结合智能超表面、可移动天线阵列等新型空中载体，提升系统的鲁棒性与演进能力。最后，本文展望基于生成式人工智能的环境-信道知识库构建、面向大规模无人机群的深度闭环协同机理、低空复杂电磁环境下的特征提取与抗干扰鲁棒性增强等未来研究方向，以期为低空经济的高质量发展提供理论支撑与技术参考。

Abstract

With the rapid proliferation of the low-altitude economy

typical low-altitude applications are imposing escalating demands on communication and sensing capabilities

thereby driving the evolution of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) networks. Although ISAC has been recognized as one of the six flagship scenarios for 6G

existing research predominantly focuses on terrestrial users and exhibits significant limitations in achieving seamless low-altitude coverage

three-dimensional mobility management

and high-precision sensing. These shortcomings hinder the support for large-scale drone swarm collaboration and precise control

necessitating the development of systematic ISAC solutions tailored to the unique characteristics of the low-altitude economy. Furthermore

existing surveys often confine themselves to discrete technical aspects—such as air interface design

networking protocols

or security mechanisms—and lack a holistic logical framework bridging application requirements

system architecture

and key technologies. To address this gap

this paper provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in ISAC system architectures and key technologies for the low-altitude economy. First

we analyze the differentiated performance requirements—specifically regarding communication rate

latency

sensing accuracy

and range—across six canonical scenarios

including urban management

logistics delivery

and emergency response. Building on this analysis

four core research challenges are identified: system architecture design

detection and tracking of small

slow

and low targets

continuous communication coverage under high-dynamic conditions

and application-oriented computing resource allocation coupled with security management. Addressing these challenges

this paper presents a structured review: we construct an overarching framework for low-altitude ISAC based on UAV-assisted and satellite-assisted networks alongside O-RAN architectures

integrating low-altitude channel measurements and modeling to reveal propagation characteristics and provide a foundational model for system design; we systematically examine critical low-altitude sensing technologies encompassing target detection

recognition

localization

trajectory monitoring

and imaging to enable real-time situational awareness of airborne targets and environmental states; we explore sensing-driven mobility management and coverage enhancement mechanisms

addressing computing resource allocation through trajectory planning

beam management

multi-node handover

task scheduling

and joint communication-sensing-computing optimization

thereby empowering communication decision-making and closing the control loop; targeting security threats such as covert access

malicious jamming

and eavesdropping

we investigate sensing-driven security management protocols and leverage novel aerial platforms equipped with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces and movable antenna arrays to enhance system robustness and future scalability. Finally

we outline promising future directions

including the construction of environmental-channel knowledge bases using generative artificial intelligence

the deep closed-loop collaborative mechanisms for large-scale drone swarms

and robustness enhancement against feature extraction challenges and jamming in complex low-altitude electromagnetic environments. This review aims to provide theoretical support and technical insights for the sustainable development of the low-altitude economy.

关键词

Keywords

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