基于多智能体强化学习的源荷分离方法

华星源; 段思婧; 崔文朋; 陈玉哲; 杨清辰; 乔楠; 任炬

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20260338

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基于多智能体强化学习的源荷分离方法

更新时间：2026-06-15

- 基于多智能体强化学习的源荷分离方法
- Source-Load Separation Method Based on Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
- 电子学报 2026年页码：1-13
- 作者机构：
  
  1.清华大学计算机科学与技术系，北京 100084
  2.北京智芯微电子科技有限公司，北京 102200
  3.中南大学计算机学院，湖南长沙 410083
- 作者简介：
  
  华星源男，2002年5月出生于北京市。现为清华大学计算机科学与技术系博士生。主要研究方向为强化学习、智能体后训练。E-mail: huaxy24@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
  段思婧女，1994年7月出生于湖南省娄底市。现为清华大学计算机系助理研究员。主要研究方向为移动计算、边缘智能、具身智能。E-mail: duansj@tsinghua.edu.cn
  崔文朋男，1987年5月出生于山东省济宁市。现为国家电网北京智芯微电子科技有限公司人工智能事业部总经理助理。主要研究方向为人工智能芯片及其应用。E-mail: cuiwenpeng@sgchip.sgcc.com.cn
  陈玉哲男，1999年3月出生于山东省青岛市。现为国家电网北京智芯微电子科技有限公司大模型应用开发组副组长。主要研究方向为人工智能芯片及其应用。E-mail: chenyuzhe1@sgchip.sgcc.com.cn
  杨清辰男，1998年5月出生于山东省东营市。现为国家电网北京智芯微电子科技有限公司工程师。主要研究方向为人工智能芯片及其应用。E-mail: qingchen.yang98@gmail.com
  乔楠男，1999年11月出生于山西省阳泉市。现为中南大学计算机学院博士研究生。主要研究方向为强化学习、大模型训练和端侧智能决策。E-mail: nanqiao.ai@gmail.com
  任炬男，1987年12月出生于湖南省汨罗市。现为清华大学计算机系副教授。主要研究方向为端侧智能与边缘智能。E-mail: renju@tsinghua.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  中国电子学会智芯科研专项(2024-02);国家自然科学基金(62432004;62402279);教育部“基础与交叉学科突破计划”(JYB2025XDXM122);国家资助博士后研究人员计划(BX20250375);中国博士后科学基金(2025M771503)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20260338
  中图分类号： TP39;TM715
- 收稿：2026-04-28，
  
  录用：2026-05-21，
  
  网络首发：2026-06-15，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
华星源, 段思婧, 崔文朋, 等. 基于多智能体强化学习的源荷分离方法[J/OL]. 电子学报, 2026,1-13.

HUA Xingyuan, DUAN Sijing, CUI Wenpeng, et al. Source-Load Separation Method Based on Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning[J/OL]. ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA, 2026, 1-13.
华星源, 段思婧, 崔文朋, 等. 基于多智能体强化学习的源荷分离方法[J/OL]. 电子学报, 2026,1-13. DOI： 10.12263/DZXB.20260338.

HUA Xingyuan, DUAN Sijing, CUI Wenpeng, et al. Source-Load Separation Method Based on Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning[J/OL]. ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA, 2026, 1-13. DOI： 10.12263/DZXB.20260338.

摘要

近年来，全球可持续能源发展的需求日益增长，推动了光伏发电系统在居民、商业及工业场景中的应用。为了保障电网运行安全和提升能源调度效率，如何准确预测用户侧的电力负荷变化尤为关键。然而现有方法忽略了实际用户侧接入电表所采集的数据中往往同时包含光伏发电（源）和用电负荷（荷）信息，二者未被有效分离，导致预测结果存在偏差。本文提出基于多智能体强化学习的源荷分离方法SoLED，解决了用户之间复杂时空依赖关系建模能力不足，以及负荷与光伏发电混合数据未分离导致的预测偏差的问题。具体地，本文首先设计了一种特征提取模块，能够捕捉用户负荷短期与长期尺度上的变化规律，从而提升对电网时序特征的表达能力。然后，基于物理世界的电网结构构建仿真电网环境，通过在仿真环境中模拟增强时序特征对空间关系的敏感性。最后，提出了基于多智能体强化学习的源荷分离方法，利用仿真环境生成反馈来训练解耦模型，解决了数据分离困难导致的解耦不准确问题。通过仿真实验和实际系统验证，本文提出的方法在两个城镇电网真实数据集中的不同天气条件下相较现有方法分别提升5.7%~24.6%和6.6%~24.2%的准确率。该实验结果表明，提出的方法能够准确解耦功率，有效地解决了用户之间复杂时空依赖关系建模能力不足，以及负荷与光伏发电混合数据未分离导致的预测偏差的问题。

Abstract

In recent years

the growing demand for global sustainable energy development has accelerated the deployment of photovoltaic (PV) systems across residential

commercial

and industrial sectors. To ensure the safe operation of power grids and improve energy dispatch efficiency

accurately forecasting user-side power load variations has been increasingly critical. However

existing methods often overlook that the data collected from user-side smart meters typically contain both PV generation (source) and power consumption (load) components

which are not effectively separated

leading to biased prediction results. To address this issue

this paper proposes a multi-agent reinforcement learning-based source-load decoupling method

namely SoLED

that mitigates prediction bias caused by the unseparated mixed data of load and PV generation

as well as insufficient modeling of complex spatiotemporal dependencies among users. Specifically

we first design a feature extraction module to capture both short-term and long-term variations in user load

thereby enhancing the representation of spatiotemporal characteristics within the power grid. Then

based on the physical topology of the grid

we construct a simulation environment that models voltage responses under different load and PV power conditions. Finally

leveraging the feedback generated from this simulation

we train a decoupling model within a multi-agent reinforcement learning framework to achieve accurate source-load separation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method improves prediction accuracy by 5.7%~24.6% and 6.6%~24.2% under different weather conditions on two real-world urban power grid datasets. These results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach in accurately decoupling user-side mixed power data and enhancing the modeling capability of complex spatiotemporal dependencies

thereby reducing the prediction bias in user-side load forecasting.

关键词

Keywords

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