语种选择
您当前的位置：
首页 >
文章列表页 >
具有抗表面波特性的宽带高效率透明车载玻璃天线分析与设计
学术论文 | 更新时间：2026-10-16
|
具有抗表面波特性的宽带高效率透明车载玻璃天线分析与设计
Analysis and Design of Wideband High-Efficiency Transparent Vehicular Glass Antenna with Surface Wave Self-Cancelling
- 电子学报 2026年54卷第6期 页码：2692-2705
- 作者机构：
1.华南理工大学电子与信息学院，广东广州 510640
2.福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司，福建福州 350300
3.广州福耀玻璃有限公司，广东广州 511340
4.华南理工大学未来技术学院，广东广州 510641
5.华南理工大学微电子学院，广东广州 511442
6.人工智能与数字经济广东省实验室（广州），广东广州 510335
- 作者简介：
张柏豪 男，2001年10月出生于吉林省吉林市。现为华南理工大学电子与信息学院硕士研究生。主要研究方向为智能网联汽车车载玻璃天线及其抗表面波技术。E-mail： ee202321012489@mail.scut.edu.cn
陈志兴 男，1983年2月出生于湖南省岳阳市。现为福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司汽玻工程院副院长。主要研究方向为终端天线、基站天线及无源元件。E-mail： zhixing.chen@fuyaogroup.com
周文骏 男，1990年4月出生于江苏省无锡市。现为华南理工大学电子与信息学院博士研究生。主要研究方向为智能网联汽车车载玻璃天线。中国电子学会会员编号：E190181632A。E-mail: eezwjzhou@mail.scut.edu.cn
张劭 男，1984年10月出生于湖南省衡阳市。现为福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司智能网联研发部广州天线研发所所长。主要研究方向为玻璃天线、基站天线和终端天线。E-mail: shao.zhang@fuyaogroup.com
邓固颖 男，1997年1月出生于湖南省永州市。现为华南理工大学电子与信息学院博士后。主要研究方向为全息天线、超表面、电磁算法及其应用。中国电子学会会员编号：E190181627M。E-mail: dengguying@scut.edu.cn
区俊辉 男，1990年7月出生于广东省广州市。现为华南理工大学未来技术学院副教授、博士生导师。主要研究方向为智能通信、微波智能无线充电（能量信息同传）、射频天线与电路设计。中国电子学会会员编号：E190188468M。E-mail: oujunhui@scut.edu.cn
苏华峰 男，1983年10月出生于海南省儋州市。现为人工智能与数字经济广东省实验室（广州）副研究员。主要研究方向为终端天线、基站天线及全息超表面天线。中国电子学会会员编号：E190033676M。E-mail: huafeng.su@pazhoulab.cn
章秀银 男，1978年12月出生于湖北省广水市。现为华南理工大学微电子学院教授、博士生导师。主要研究方向为天线、射频集成电路、射频组件及子系统、智能无线通信与传感技术。中国电子学会会员编号：E190011182F。E-mail: eexyz@scut.edu.cn
- 基金信息：国家自然科学基金(62474072);广州市增城区科技计划项目(2024ZCKJ02)
DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20260364
中图分类号： TN82;收稿：2026-04-28，
录用：2026-05-25，
纸质出版：2026-06-25
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
张柏豪, 陈志兴, 周文骏, 等. 具有抗表面波特性的宽带高效率透明车载玻璃天线分析与设计[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(06): 2692-2705.
ZHANG Baihao, CHEN Zhixing, ZHOU Wenjun, et al. Analysis and Design of Wideband High-Efficiency Transparent Vehicular Glass Antenna with Surface Wave Self-Cancelling[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(06): 2692-2705.
张柏豪, 陈志兴, 周文骏, 等. 具有抗表面波特性的宽带高效率透明车载玻璃天线分析与设计[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(06): 2692-2705. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20260364
ZHANG Baihao, CHEN Zhixing, ZHOU Wenjun, et al. Analysis and Design of Wideband High-Efficiency Transparent Vehicular Glass Antenna with Surface Wave Self-Cancelling[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(06): 2692-2705. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20260364
具有抗表面波特性的宽带高效率透明车载玻璃天线分析与设计
摘要
面向智能网联汽车的4G/5G通信的新需求，本文提出了一种具有抗表面波功能的宽带高效率透明玻璃天线设计方法。车载玻璃的大尺寸和高介电常数特性容易使天线激励起强烈表面波，大量电磁波无法有效地辐射到自由空间中，导致天线辐射效率下降和方向图畸变，而鲜有研究工作对表面波问题进行深入探究。针对这一难题，本文深入分析呈奇对称分布电流的辐射特性，发现其激励的表面波会在垂直电流的方向上反相抵消，由此推出，
<math id="M1"><mi>ϕ</mi></math>
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=120462392&type=
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=120462361&type=
1.69333339
2.87866688
方向连续且奇对称分布的电流在大尺寸车载玻璃上的表面波电磁场相互抵消，从而抑制表面波传播。基于此，分析阶梯式圆柱玻璃天线的电磁场特性，揭示其
<math id="M2"><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi></mrow><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">0</mn><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></math>
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=120462363&type=
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=120462362&type=
6.68866634
3.21733332
模式在大尺寸车载玻璃分界面上的电流呈现
<math id="M3"><mi>ϕ</mi></math>
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=120462392&type=
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=120462361&type=
1.69333339
2.87866688
方向连续且奇对称分布的特性，因此具有天然的抗表面波特性，从而在高介电常数的大尺寸车载玻璃中实现高效率的天线辐射。此外，阶梯式圆柱玻璃天线的
<math id="M4"><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi></mrow><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">0</mn><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></math>
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=120462394&type=
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=120462350&type=
6.68866634
3.21733332
模式辐射特性等效于垂直水平面的单极子天线，具有垂直极化特性和水平全向的辐射能力。在此基础上，采用同轴探针馈电阶梯式玻璃谐振器以仅激励
<math id="M5"><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi></mrow><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">0</mn><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></math>
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=120462394&type=
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=120462350&type=
6.68866634
3.21733332
模式，并根据玻璃天线的电场分布特性，从下到上逐层调控圆柱体玻璃尺寸，能够同时优化天线的输入阻抗实部与虚部，使得输入阻抗实部向50 Ω靠近，虚部趋近于零。一方面，探针与玻璃天线的匹配性能得到改善，天线的阻抗带宽由此得到提升；另一方面，通过减少被束缚在近场的能量并转换为远场辐射，使得天线的平均辐射效率绝对值也得到增加。采用透明的蓝宝石玻璃谐振器、介质基板和导电薄膜组装车载玻璃天线，完成天线的透光性设计。将透明的阶梯式玻璃天线应用于模拟的车顶天幕玻璃场景中进行仿真和实测，天线工作频段覆盖1.56 GHz~4.16 GHz，相对带宽达到90.9%，带内辐射效率高于80%，平均增益为3.9 dBi。同时，天线实现了垂直极化和水平全向辐射的性能且交叉极化大于15 dB，辐射方向图没有受到表面波的干扰而出现波纹或凹坑，且天线具有良好的透光性能。实验结果证明天线可以布设于车辆的大尺寸天幕玻璃上，具有实际的应用价值。
Abstract
In response to the new demands of 4G/5G communication for intelligent connected vehicles
this paper proposes a design for a wideband high-efficiency transparent glass antenna with surface wave self-cancelling function. The large size and high dielectric constant of the vehicular glass make it easy for the antenna to excite strong surface waves. A large number of electromagnetic waves cannot be effectively radiated into free space
resulting in a decrease in antenna radiation efficiency and distortion of the radiation pattern. However
few research works have conducted in-depth studies on the surface wave issue. To address this challenge
this paper conducts an analysis of the radiation characteristics of current with an odd symmetric distribution. It is discovered that the surface waves excited by this current will cancel each other out in the opposite direction of the current. Therefore
it can be concluded that the surface wave fields of the current that is continuous and odd-symmetric in the
<math id="M6"><mi>ϕ</mi></math>
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=120462352&type=
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=120462378&type=
1.69333339
2.87866688
direction on the large-sized vehicle glass mutually cancel each other out
thereby suppressing the surface waves. Based on this
the electromagnetic field characteristics of the stepped cylindrical glass antenna are analyzed
revealing that the current of the
<math id="M7"><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi></mrow><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">0</mn><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></math>
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=120462365&type=
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=120462379&type=
6.68866634
3.21733332
mode in the stepped cylindrical glass antenna at the interface of the large-sized vehicular glass presents a continuous and odd-symmetric distribution in the
<math id="M8"><mi>ϕ</mi></math>
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=120462352&type=
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=120462378&type=
1.69333339
2.87866688
direction. Therefore
it has surface wave self-cancelling characteristics
and thus realizes high radiation efficiency in t
he high dielectric constant large-sized vehicular glass. In addition
the radiation characteristics of the
<math id="M9"><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi></mrow><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">0</mn><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></math>
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=120462397&type=
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=120462354&type=
6.68866634
3.21733332
mode of the stepped cylindrical glass antenna are equivalent to that of a monopole antenna in the vertical horizontal plane
having vertical polarization and horizontal omnidirectional radiation capability. On this basis
a probe-fed stepped glass resonator is adopted to excite only the
<math id="M10"><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi></mrow><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">0</mn><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></math>
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=120462397&type=
https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=120462354&type=
6.68866634
3.21733332
mode. According to the electric field distribution characteristics of the glass antenna
by adjusting the size of the cylindrical glass from bottom to top
the real part and the imaginary part of the antenna’s input impedance can be simultaneously optimized. The real part of the
input impedance approaches 50 ohms
and the imaginary part approaches zero. On the one hand
the matching performance between the probe and the glass antenna has been improved
and as a result
the impedance bandwidth of the antenna has increased. On the other hand
by reducing the energy trapped in the near field and converting it into far-field radiation
the absolute value of the average radiation efficiency increases. Using transparent sapphire glass resonators
dielectric substrates and conductive films
a vehicular glass antenna is assembled to complete the light-transmitting design of the antenna. The transparent stepped glass antenna is applied to the simulated roof glass scenario for simulation and measurement. The antenna’s frequency band covers 1.56 GHz~4.16 GHz
with a relative bandwidth of 90.9%. The in-band radiation efficiency is higher than 80%
and the average gain is 3.9 dBi. Meanwhile
the antenna achieves vertical polarization and horizontal omnidirectional radiation performance
with cross-polarization greater than 15 dB. The radiation pattern
which shows no ripples or pits
is not disturbed by surface waves
and the antenna has good translucent performance. The experimental results demonstrate that the antenna can be installed on the large-sized glass of vehicles and has practical application value.
关键词
Keywords
references
Zhou Yonghong , Jiang Ting , Li Hanxin , et al . A 5G MIMO multiband low-profile antenna design for automotive shark-fin systems [J ] . IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2024 , 23 ( 5 ): 1588 - 1592 . DOI: 10.1109/lawp.2024.3363221 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2024.3363221
Chen Shengjie , Liu Xiaoming , Yu Shuo , et al . Compact broadband four-port MIMO antenna for AAV to assist automotive communication [J ] . IEEE Internet of Things Journal , 2026 , 13 ( 4 ): 5442 - 5450 . DOI: 10.1109/jiot.2025.3557957 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3557957
林玉 , 张超 , 邹棋 , 等 . 一种超宽带全透明高增益ITO玻璃天线及应用 [J/OL ] . 微波学报 , 1 - 7 . ( 2025-10-13 )[ 2026-04-28 ] . https://link.cnki.net/urlid/32.1493.TN.20251013.1418.002 https://link.cnki.net/urlid/32.1493.TN.20251013.1418.002 .
Lin Yu , Zhang Chao , Zou Qi , et al . An ultra-wideband fully transparent high-gain ITO glass antenna and its applications [J/OL ] . Journal of Microwaves , 1 - 7 . ( 2025-10-13 )[ 2026-04-28 ] . https://link.cnki.net/urlid/32.1493.TN.20251013.1418.002 https://link.cnki.net/urlid/32.1493.TN.20251013.1418.002 . (in Chinese)
Al-Nuaimi M K T , Huang Zhuo , Huang Guanlong , et al . Optically transparent smart electromagnetic skin for energy-free 5G signal redirection in smart cities [J ] . IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2026 , 25 ( 1 ): 79 - 83 . DOI: 10.1109/lawp.2025.3617100 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2025.3617100
An Kang , Sun Peng , Deng Yueguang , et al . A large-scale high-gain transparent grid array antenna for millimeter-wave communication [J ] . IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2024 , 23 ( 5 ): 1598 - 1602 . DOI: 10.1109/lawp.2024.3363627 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2024.3363627
张墅野 , 邵建航 , 何鹏 . 银纳米线透明导电薄膜仿真研究现状 [J ] . 材料导报 , 2024 , 38 ( 10 ): 118 - 127 .
Zhang Shuye , Shao Jianhang , He Peng . Research progress in simulation of silver nanowire transparent conductive films [J ] . Materials Reports , 2024 , 38 ( 10 ): 118 - 127 . (in Chinese)
Kagaya O , Arai K , Watanabe T , et al . Generation of surface wave in C-band automotive on-glass antenna and an easily realizable suppression method for improving antenna characteristics [J ] . IEICE Transactions on Communications , 2022 , E105.B( 1 ): 51 - 57 . DOI: 10.1587/transcom.2021ebp3028 http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2021ebp3028
Anjum A , Mudiganti J C . Flexible cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna for X-band satellite, space, wireless sensor networks, and flexible applications [J ] . IEEE Access , 2026 , 14 : 3216 - 3228 . DOI: 10.1109/access.2025.3650675 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3650675
Fang Xiaosheng , Li Xiang , Li Chaoqun , et al . Wideband, high-gain, and tri-polarized cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna employing six high-order modes [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation , 2025 , 73 ( 2 ): 1185 - 1190 . DOI: 10.1109/tap.2024.3513553 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2024.3513553
Li Ziwei , Chen Zhijiao , Li Huanxin , et al . Wideband dielectric resonator antenna with linear and circular polarization diversity for UAV applications [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology , 2026 , 75 ( 2 ): 3348 - 3353 . DOI: 10.1109/tvt.2025.3600323 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3600323
Yu Zhehao , Yang Kangyu , Duan Yu , et al . Grid-shaped dielectric resonator antenna with heatsink and ultrawideband design [J ] . IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2026 , 25 ( 1 ): 289 - 293 . DOI: 10.1109/lawp.2025.3624768 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2025.3624768
罗燕航 , 李高升 , 徐含静 , 等 . 应用于S波段穿墙雷达的介质谐振器天线设计 [J ] . 无线电工程 , 2025 , 55 ( 5 ): 1037 - 1043 .
Luo Yanhang , Li Gaosheng , Xu Hanjing , et al . Design of dielectric resonator antenna for S-band through-wall radar [J ] . Radio Engineering , 2025 , 55 ( 5 ): 1037 - 1043 . (in Chinese)
Ma Qianxi , Xu Guanghui , Luo Yanbin , et al . An ultrawideband comb-slot-fed symmetrical comb-groove-dielectric resonator antenna for B5G/6G millimeter-wave applications [J ] . IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2026 , 25 ( 3 ): 1359 - 1363 . DOI: 10.1109/lawp.2026.3654657 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2026.3654657
Zhang Jiaxing , Hu Pengfei , Wa Leung K , et al . Dual-band dual-polarized glass dielectric resonator antenna with wide bandwidths and low sidelobes [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation , 2025 , 73 ( 10 ): 8277 - 8282 . DOI: 10.1109/tap.2025.3580948 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2025.3580948
Collin R E . Field theory of guided waves [M ] . 2nd ed . New York : IEEE Press , 1991 . DOI: 10.1109/9780470544648 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/9780470544648
Chauhan M , Pandey A K , Mukherjee B . A novel compact cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna for wireless sensor network application [J ] . IEEE Sensors Letters , 2018 , 2 ( 2 ): 3501004 . DOI: 10.1109/lsens.2018.2825369 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lsens.2018.2825369
Yang Tian , Ren Jian , Zhang Bing , et al . Wideband diversity cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna based on multimode resonance [J ] . IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2023 , 22 ( 9 ): 2205 - 2209 . DOI: 10.1109/lawp.2023.3281478 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2023.3281478
Kishk A A , Zhang Xiao , Glisson A W , et al . Numerical analysis of stacked dielectric resonator antennas excited by a coaxial probe for wideband applications [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation , 2003 , 51 ( 8 ): 1996 - 2006 . DOI: 10.1109/tap.2003.814735 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2003.814735
Hu Pengfei , Pan Yongmei , Leung K W , et al . Wide-/dual-band omnidirectional filtering dielectric resonator antennas [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation , 2018 , 66 ( 5 ): 2622 - 2627 . DOI: 10.1109/tap.2018.2809706 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2018.2809706
林玉 , 邹棋 , 赵梓彤 , 等 . 基于CPW馈电的超宽带透明单极子天线 [J ] . 微波学报 , 2026 , 42 ( 3 ): 64 - 70 .
Lin Yu , Zou Qi , Zhao Zitong , et al . Transparent monopole antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth utilizing CPW feeding [J ] . Journal of Microwaves , 2026 , 42 ( 3 ): 64 - 70 . (in Chinese)
Liu Yifeng , Luk K M . An optically transparent magnetoelectric dipole antenna design by integrating flexible transparent metal mesh film on glass [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation , 2024 , 72 ( 7 ): 5569 - 5577 . DOI: 10.1109/tap.2024.3408234 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2024.3408234
Chen Huibing , Chen Haidong , Che Wenquan , et al . A wideband V2X antenna with tilted beam pattern and transparent characteristics [J ] . IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2025 , 24 ( 7 ): 1959 - 1963 . DOI: 10.1109/lawp.2025.3552841 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2025.3552841
Cheng Youfeng , Chen Qian , Peng Lin , et al . Dual-wideband structure-reused antenna with diverse radiation and polarization features for vehicular wireless communications [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology , 2024 , 73 ( 3 ): 3707 - 3717 . DOI: 10.1109/tvt.2023.3325449 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3325449
查看原文
0
浏览量
148
下载量
0
CSCD
Alert me when the article has been cited
文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。
提交
工具集
下载
- 网络PDF下载
- Meta-XML下载
参考文献导出
- BibTeX下载
- Endnote下载
- RefMan 下载
- NoteExpress下载
- NoteFirst下载
分享
分享给微信好友或者朋友圈
收藏
添加至我的专辑
关联资源
相关文章
一种应用于机载通信的VHF/UHF低剖面小型化垂直极化天线
宽带中频采样抗混迭滤波器的设计与实现
一种带有反相单元的小型化宽带双面平行带线混合环
基于LaFMD处理的新型阈值调控技术研究
MDW：最小双权差分特征搜索模型
相关作者
胡俊
王亚鹏
班永灵
孙强
FONT
孟凡俊
许鹏鹏
王明飞
相关机构
电子科技大学电子科学与工程学院
（北京印刷学院信息与机电工程学院， ）
南京理工大学电子工程与光电技术学院
国防科学技术大学电子科学与工程学院空间电子信息技术研究所
Istituto di Radioastronomia CNRContra Renna Noto (Sr)Italy
选择翻译语言
- 技术支持由北京北大方正电子有限公司提供 京ICP备09064830号-19
京公网安备11010802024621 - 本系统建议在Chrome、 IE9+ 以上版本浏览器阅读本站内容，360浏览器请切换至极速模式
- Cookies帮助我们提供服务并提供个性化体验。使用本网站，即表示您同意我们使用Cookies
0
批量引用
导出至
BibTeXEndnoteRefManNoteExpressNoteFirst
回到顶部