一种雷达极化域变焦前视成像方法

刘奕彬; 王罗胜斌; 吴国庆; 宋志勇; 王平; 李永祯

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20260375

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一种雷达极化域变焦前视成像方法

更新时间：2026-06-15

- 一种雷达极化域变焦前视成像方法
- Radar Polarization Modulation for Forward-Looking Imaging
- 电子学报 2026年页码：1-14
- 作者机构：
  
  1.国防科技大学电子科学学院，湖南长沙 410073
  2.先进制导与控制技术国家级重点实验室，湖南长沙 410073
- 作者简介：
  
  刘奕彬男，1998年8月出生于江西省南昌市。博士研究生。主要研究方向为雷达信号处理、雷达极化信息处理。E-mail: lyb_nudt@163.com
  王罗胜斌男，1992年1月出生于江西省吉安市。现为国防科技大学电子科学学院副研究员。主要研究方向为雷达系统、阵列信号处理和雷达信号处理。E-mail: wangluoshengbin@163.com
  吴国庆男，1997年8月出生于湖北省随州市。现为国防科技大学电子科学学院讲师。主要研究方向为雷达信号处理、雷达极化信息处理。E-mail: guoqing51001@163.com
  宋志勇男，1983年1月出生于湖南省长沙市。现为国防科技大学电子科学学院副教授。主要研究方向为自动目标识别、雷达信号与信息处理、雷达抗干扰。E-mail: zhiyongsong@163.com
  王平男，1976年5月出生于湖北省公安市。现为国防科技大学电子科学学院研究员、博士生导师。主要研究方向为精确制导。E-mail: 760521407@qq.com
  李永祯男，1977年12月出生于内蒙古自治区化德县。现为国防科技大学电子科学学院研究员、博士生导师。主要研究方向为极化雷达信号处理、雷达电子对抗。E-mail: e0061@sina.com
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(62171447;62301571)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20260375
  中图分类号： TN958;
- 收稿：2026-04-15，
  
  录用：2026-04-27，
  
  网络首发：2026-06-15，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
刘奕彬, 王罗胜斌, 吴国庆, 等. 一种雷达极化域变焦前视成像方法[J/OL]. 电子学报, 2026,1-14.

LIU Yibin, WANG Luoshengbin, WU Guoqing, et al. Radar Polarization Modulation for Forward-Looking Imaging[J/OL]. ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA, 2026, 1-14.
刘奕彬, 王罗胜斌, 吴国庆, 等. 一种雷达极化域变焦前视成像方法[J/OL]. 电子学报, 2026,1-14. DOI： 10.12263/DZXB.20260375.

LIU Yibin, WANG Luoshengbin, WU Guoqing, et al. Radar Polarization Modulation for Forward-Looking Imaging[J/OL]. ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA, 2026, 1-14. DOI： 10.12263/DZXB.20260375.

摘要

弹载末制导雷达在跟踪阶段利用单脉冲测角对舰船目标进行精确角跟踪。质心式角反干扰利用单脉冲测角指向回波能量质心而非目标几何中心的固有缺陷，将高雷达散射截面（Radar Cross Section，RCS）的角反布设于舰船同一距离分辨单元内，诱偏跟踪点，致使导弹脱靶。在距离-多普勒图像中，舰船与质心式角反处于同一距离-多普勒单元，角反的辨识与抑制极为困难，根本原因在于二者在距离-方位参数域邻近混叠，而雷达的极化、空域等多维特征长期被孤立处理，联合辨识能力不足。前视成像可联合距离-方位-极化信息，有望在图像域实现目标与干扰的辨识与定位。然而，在前视条件下，平台运动方向与波束指向接近一致，目标多普勒频率变化极小，依赖多普勒效应的合成孔径、多普勒波束锐化等高分辨方法失效；单脉冲成像、扫描波束解卷积成像和阵列谱估计成像等方法，在近距离末端质心式干扰场景中分别面临指示错误、扫描依赖和低信杂比等性能瓶颈。极化作为电磁波的矢量属性，蕴含目标几何结构与散射机理的丰富信息，舰船与角反在极化域的散射特性差异天然存在，但极化匹配、极化滤波等经典极化处理方法以回波能量的增强或抑制为设计准则，未能充分挖掘极化域中目标间信号成分的可分性差异。本文立足极化域变焦超分辨理论，推导了极化阵列回波模型，建立了自适应变焦准则，提出了基于极化态筛选的并行迭代优化方法；在此基础上，结合舰船与角反的极化散射特性差异，提出了基于极化主成分的角反抑制方法，形成了抗质心式角反干扰的前视成像方法。仿真结果表明，在10 dB信杂比下，对于间隔0.2倍波束宽度的三面角与二面角组合目标，本文方法测角精度达到0.05倍波束宽度；在8 km弹目距和20 dB信杂比条件下，所提前视成像方法相比单极化方法和极化-空域联合方法，舰船-角反信干比在舰船机动前分别提升23.3 dB和11.4 dB，在舰船机动后分别提升14 dB和2.4 dB。

Abstract

The missile-borne terminal guidance radar employs monopulse angle measurement to achieve precise angle tracking of a ship target during the tracking phase. Centroid corner reflector jamming exploits the inherent limitation of monopulse angle measurement — that it points to the energy centroid of the echo rather than the geometric center of the target — by deploying corner reflectors with high radar cross section (RCS) in the same range resolution cell as the ship

thereby decoying the tracking point and causing the missile to miss. In the range-Doppler image

the ship and the centroid corner reflector occupy the same range-Doppler cell

making identification and suppression of the corner reflector extremely difficult. The fundamental reason is that the two are closely spaced and aliased in the range-azimuth parameter domain

while polarization

spatial

and other multi-dimensional radar features have long been processed in isolation

leading to insufficient joint identification capability. Forward-looking imaging can integrate range-azimuth-polarization information and offers the potential to identify and localize the target and the jammer in the image domain. However

under forward-looking conditions

the platform motion direction is nearly aligned with the beam pointing direction

so the target Doppler frequency variation is minimal

rendering high-resolution methods that rely on the Doppler effect

such as synthetic aperture and Doppler beam sharpening

ineffective. Methods such as monopulse imaging

scanned beam deconvolution imaging

and array spectral estimation imaging face performance bottlenecks in close-range terminal centroid jamming scenarios

including pointing errors

scan dependence

and low signal-to-clutter ratio

respectively. Polarization

as a vector property of electromagnetic waves

contains rich information about the target’s geometric structure and scattering mechanisms. The polarization scattering characteristics of a ship and a corner reflector are inherently different. However

classical polarization processing methods such as polarization matching and polarization filtering are designed based on the enhancement or suppression of echo energy and fail to fully exploit the separability differences of signal components between targets in the polarization domain. This paper

grounded in the polarization modulation super-resolution theory

derives a polarization array echo model

establishes an adaptive modulation criterion

and proposes a parallel iterative optimization method based on polarization state screening. On this basis

by exploiting the differences in polarization scattering characteristics between the ship and the corner reflector

a corner reflector suppression method based on polarization principal components is proposed

thus forming a forward-looking imaging method against centroid corner reflector jamming. Simulation results show that at a signal-to-clutter ratio of 10 dB

for a combined target consisting of a trihedral and a dihedral corner reflector separated by 0.2 times the beamwidth

the proposed method achieves an angle measurement accuracy of 0.05 times the beamwidth. Under conditions of an 8 km missile-to-target range and a 20 dB signal-to-clutter ratio

the proposed forward-looking imaging method improves the ship-to-corner-reflector signal-to-interference ratio by 23.3 dB and 11.4 dB compared with the single-polarization method and the polarization-spatial joint method

respectively

before ship maneuvering

and by 14 dB and 2.4 dB

respectively

after ship maneuvering.

关键词

Keywords

references

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