最新刊期
卷 48 ， 期 11 ， 2020
- 摘要：Automatic annotation of text sequence can address the common issue of high manual annotation labor cost in deep learning. In this paper, a representation model based on the entity boundary matrix (EBM) is constructed. On the basis, we propose an automatic annotation algorithm combining deep learning with KNN annotation correction algorithm (KNN-CA) where the manual labeling training set is not required. Firstly, the offline feature library and online feature library is built and initialized respectively with the utilization of collecting estate dataset. In addition, EBM is solved by matching algorithm and optimized via KNN-CA technique. After the data augmentation process, a training dataset of automatic annotation is obtained. Then the BiLSTM-CRF deep learning model is trained and all unlabeled annotation sequence is predicted. Eventually, the annotation sequence of solvable EBM is optimized via KNN-CA again so as to construct a sequence annotatied corpus dataset which is suitable for the identification of Chinese Geospatial Named Entities (CGSNE) and related researches. The experiment demonstrates that F1 score of labeled data reaches 95.35%.关键词：deep learning;automatic annotation;address information;KNN(K-Nearest Neighbours);corpus131|287|2更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：Multi-target regression (MTR) aimed to predict multiple continuous variables using a common set of input variables, whose existing methods could be classified as problem transformation methods (PTM) and algorithm adaptation methods (AAM). Its main challenges were how to model the complex relationship between input and output space, and how to effectively utilize the correlation between targets. However, the existing PTM rarely took both aspects into consideration. So, this paper constructs a problem transformation method named TSF-TC combining target-specific features and Inter-Target correlations. TSF-TC constructs specific features to per target by conducting clustering analysis on the samples after binning, and then reveals the correlation between targets by selectively stacking single target prediction. Comparative experiments with existing multi-target regression methods on 18 datasets fully demonstrate the advantages of TSF-TC.关键词：machine learning;multi-target regression;target-specific features;inter-target correlations40|85|2更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：A multi-strategy ensemble salp swarm algorithm is proposed for solving problem of robot path planning. In the algorithm, a new adaptive leader structure is proposed to balance the exploration and exploitation ability of the algorithm. The chaotic map of Logistic-Cubic cascade which can improve the Lyapunov exponent of the cascade chaotic system is introduced as the disturbance operator of the food source to avoid the algorithm falling into the local optimum. A disperse foraging strategy based on adaptive parameters is adopted to force a part of followers to explore promising areas. The algorithm in this paper is compared with three improved SSA algorithms and five state-of-the-art swarm intelligence algorithms on IEEE CEC 2014 functions. The results show that the comprehensive optimization performance of the algorithm in this paper is better. The proposed algorithm is applied to solve the robot path planning problem, in which the path is smoothed by cubic spline interpolation. Simulation experiments are implemented on computer in the environments where the obstacles are 8, 9, 13, respectively. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve the best results compared with the given contrast algorithms in given simulation scenarios.关键词：salp swarm algorithm;path planning;Lyapunov exponent;cascade chaotic;cubic spline37|79|3更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：The decoding algorithm of LDPC codes is often implemented by integer quantization in FPGA, which leads to the degradation of decoding performance. The NMS decoding algorithm is introduced to reduce the error by multiplying an improved factor with a value range of (0, 1) on the basis of quantization of check point information data. By studying the reasonable value of the improvement factor, a new quantization method is proposed to improve the quantization results by taking different improvement factors with the iteration times. The research object is the (8176, 7154) LDPC code of near earth space application in the CCSDS standard. The encoding and decoding algorithm program is designed and simulated on MATLAB. Simulation results show that the improved quantization method needs less iterations to complete decoding and improves the decoding performance. By analyzing the change of iteration times under different signal-to-noise ratio, the advantage is more obvious under higher noise interference.关键词：encoding and decoding algorithm;low density parity check (LDPC) code;quantization;MATLAB simulation33|51|6更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：Designing accurate localization algorithms is a research focus in WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks). Aiming at the problem that the large estimated distance error between nodes could result in inaccurate localization in Distance Vector-Hop (DV-Hop), we proposed an improved three-dimensional DV-Hop algorithm with continuous hop value in this paper. Firstly, the algorithm explored the relationship between the distance of neighbor nodes and the volume of intersecting spheres which is composed of the corresponding node locations and communication radius. In addition, the definition and parameter modification calculation formula of continuous hop value were put forward. Then we explored the influence of network environment on parameters and determined parameters value through simulation. The accurate continuous hop value was used instead of the hop in DV-Hop to reduce the estimated distance error between nodes. The simulation results show that the algorithm effectively reduces the localization error without increasing the complexity of the algorithm and additional hardware.关键词：Wireless sensor networks;DV-Hop localization;intersecting sphere;continuous hop value;parameter modification31|59|8更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：Aiming at the problem of short text feature sparsity, a short text sparse representation classification method based on entropy weighted constraint is proposed. Considering that the initial dictionary dimension is high, firstly, the word in the dictionary is represented as a word vector form via using the Word2vec tool, and then the original dictionary is reduced according to the average weighted vectors. Secondly, a fast feature subset selection algorithm is adopted to remove the irrelevant and redundant short texts in the dictionary, and the filtered dictionary can then be obtained. Thirdly, based on the sparse representation theory, an improved entropy-weighted sparse representation method is designed for the objective function, and the Lagrange multiplier method is introduced to obtain the optimal value of the objective function, thus the subspace of each class is obtained. Finally, the distance between the short text to be classified and the short text in each class is calculated under the subspace, and the short text is classified according to three classification rules. A large number of experimental results on real data sets show that the proposed method can effectively alleviate the short text feature sparse problem and exhibits better performance than the existing short text classification methods.关键词：short text classification;word embedding;entropy;sparse representation14|41|0更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：Multi-robot path planning is one of the most attractive issues in the field of multiple robots. Compared with the algorithm for the single-robot path planning, the problem of multi-robot path planning, which takes obstacle avoidance and cooperation into account simultaneously, is more difficult and complex. Hence, a novel improved rapidly-exploring random tree algorithm for multi-robot formation path planning in this paper is proposed to address these obstacle avoidance and cooperation problems. The constraint condition of positional relationship is defined by modeling the multi-robot formation shape. Besides, the heading of formation is adjusted with the direction the exploring tree expands. Additionally, simulations are conducted for two different models of robots: the particle model and the non-holonomic constraint dynamic model. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.关键词：rapidly-exploring random tree;formation;path planning;obstacle avoidance78|61|15更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：Existing attribute-based encryption schemes which support online/offline outsourcing encryption and decryption can realize fine-grained access control and data confidentiality, but it cannot achieve the expression of hierarchical relationships between the same attributes and prevent data from being tampered. Besides, the terminal needs to determine the user's access structure before offline encryption, and the intermediate ciphertext needs to be regenerated every time. Aiming at the above problems, this paper proposes a CP-WABE (Ciphertext-Policy Weighted Attribute-Based Encryption) scheme supports offline/online encryption and verifiable outsourced decryption. The scheme realizes the flexible expression of the hierarchical relation of the same attributes through the weight sets, which can realize the generation of intermediate ciphertext of the data with different access structure after one offline encryption, and complete the online encryption with only a small amount of overhead. At the same time, the correctness of outsourced decryption is verified. Finally, the security and performance of the scheme are analyzed, and the experimental simulation also shows that this paper has more advantages than the related schemes.关键词：ciphertext-policy weighted attribute-based encryption(CP-WABE);cloud computing;weighted set;offline/online;outsourcing28|39|0更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：Network representation learning is a distributed learning method that maps nodes in a network to low-dimensional spaces to form low-dimensional dense vectors. Based on the existing network representation learning research, this paper proposed a dynamic network representation learning method based on Hawkes point process, which effectively combines the network historical edges and the ternary closure characteristics in the network evolution to generate the new edges of the current nodes. It solves the problem that the existing methods are difficult to effectively capture the network historical information and evolution characteristics of dynamic networks. Extensive experiments demonstrated that the embeddings learned from the proposed MHNE (Multivariate Hawkes process Network Embedding) model can achieve better performance than the state-of-the-art methods in downstream tasks, such as node classification and link prediction. The F1 score and AUC value in the experiments increased by 3.72%~6.41% and 2.22%~4.69%, respectively.关键词：network representation learning;dynamic network;Hawkes point process;ternary closure theory35|32|2更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：Recognizing textual entailment is intended to infer the logical relationship between two given sentences. In this paper, we incorporate the deep semantic information of sentences and the encoder of Transformer by constructing the SRL-Attention fusion module, and it effectively improves the ability of self-attention mechanism to capture sentence semantics. Furthermore, concerning the small scale and high noise problems on the dataset, we use large-scale pre-trained language model improving the recognition performance of model on small-scale dataset. Experimental results show that the accuracy of our model on the dataset CNLI, it is released as Chinese textual entailment recognition evaluation corpus at the 17th China National Conference on Computational Linguistics, reaches 80.28%.关键词：natural language processing;textual entailment;self-attention mechanism;semantic role labeling;pre-trained language model72|49|6更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：With the expansion of network scale and network complexity, traditional routing algorithms cannot ensure both the calculation complexity and performance under the large fluctuation of spatial-temporal distribution of network traffic. In recent years, with the development of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), AI-based methods of automatic routing strategies are gaining attention. In this paper, we propose an intelligent network routing technology called SmartPath based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). With dynamic collection of network status, we can use DRL to generate routing policies automatically, thus ensuring that the routing policy can dynamically adapt to the change of network traffic. Experiment result shows that the proposed scheme can adjust the routing strategy dynamically without human experience on traffic analysis and can reduce the average end-to-end transmission delay by at least 10% compared with the state-of-art schemes.关键词：routing optimization;software-defined networking (SDN);artificial intelligence (AI);deep reinforcement learning (DRL)43|57|1更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：Taxi pick-up areas recommendation based on the short-term taxi trajectory data can greatly reduce the system overhead and improve the efficiency of the recommendation, but it often has the problems of data sparseness. For this reason, a Latent Factor Model integrated with the geographic information, called GeoLFM, is put forward. This model makes up the faultiness of data sparseness by integrating the geographic information relating to drivers into the Matrix decomposition, which records the visiting relationship between drivers and pick-up areas. Meanwhile, different pick-up areas can be recommended for the taxis in various locations according to the real-time spatial context of the taxis. Experimental results show that, with the comparison between our proposed method and others, the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between the recommended results and the actual value are significantly reduced, which indicates the recommendation effect is better improved.关键词：trajectories mining;pick-up recommendation;data sparsity;latent factor model;geographic information83|46|3更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：In order to tackle the problem of active control of unknown and time-varying harmonic noise induced by ship on-board machinery, a modified normalized QPLL (Quadrature Phase Locked Loop) based active control algorithm is proposed inspired by quadrature phase locked loop tracking mechanism. With the introduction of adjustment parameter in phase/frequency structure, an improved QPLL structure is derived. Then, design of active control algorithm based on QPLL is proposed by introducing secondary path in the control loop. In the proposed algorithm, firstly, performance effect caused by secondary path and amplitude of sinusoidal signal is pointed out by using averaging theory and approximating analysis. Secondly, an improved active control algorithm for time-varying sinusoidal is proposed with the normalization of secondary path and amplitude. Finally, simulation results validate the effective performance improvement of active control algorithm for unknown and time-varying harmonic noise.关键词：active noise control;unknown frequency;time-varying;harmonic noise11|18|1更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：The precision clock and zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) are important parameters of GPS PPP solution. In this paper, the state covariance matrix based on update iteration is used for the weight calculation in GPS PPP data processing. The results of PPP are estimated by using one-way and two-way filtering weighted in time comparison and ZTD. The results show that in the PPP zero-baseline common clock comparison, the standard deviation to the time difference of the weighted is significantly better than that of the one-way, and the deviation is increased by more than 30%. The result of frequency stability is estimated with weighted is equivalent to the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures in time comparison. And the root mean square of residual to the final results between two methods and the results published by the IGS for the ZTD, the results of the weighted estimation are also slightly improved.关键词：carrier phase;weighted factor;high precision time comparison;zenith tropospheric delay9|24|5更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：As an open source project hosting platform, GitHub participates in the development of open source projects with multi-developers. As the core element of GitHub, developers ensure the activity of the whole system. However, many new projects can not find suitable collaborative developers in a short time and the development cycle gets delayed. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a CNN-LSTM developer project recommendation model based on Word2Vec, which trains developers to access the project sequence by Word2Vec, and vectorizes the project, calculates the project similarity with CNN-LSTM model, and recommends the appropriate project sequence for developers. Through the project prediction and similar project discovery experiments based on 62,031 developers' project access data in GitHub in 2015, the experimental results show that the model has better recommendation effect and can help developers find similar projects of interest.关键词：GitHub;project forecast;project recommendation21|39|1更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：Aiming at the difficulty of microwave imaging of strong scatterers, a multi-task Bayesian compressed sensing method based on Laplacian priori is proposed, which realizes microwave imaging of sparse strong scatterers. In the framework of contrast sources, sparse sensing model is established based on the "data" integral equation and the mesh discretization in the imaging region. The forward problem is simulated by the moment method; a Bayesian compressed sensing hierarchical model based on Laplacian priori is constructed; and in the case of multi-incident waves, multi-task Bayesian compressed sensing method is used to optimize the contrast source. Finally, the objective function is reconstructed by using the "state equation". Considering the influence of noise, Through the numerical simulation of multi-pixel single target, non-uniform single target and multi-target microwave imaging, and compared with the reconstructed results of conjugate gradient method and multi-task Bayesian compressed sensing method in the first-order Born approximation framework, which verifies the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.关键词：microwave imaging;contrast source;conjugate gradient;first order Born approximation;Laplacian priori;multi-task Bayesian compressed sensing28|38|2更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：Two methods contrast of sliding mode synchronization of fractional-order nonlinear systems were studied in the paper. We proposed fractional-order sliding surface and nonsingular terminal sliding surface and prove its stability. The controllers and adaptive rules are derived based self-adaptive sliding mode methods. And the sufficient conditions were arrived for fractional-order Multy-Chaotic systems getting self-adaptive sliding mode synchronization. A numerical simulation demonstrate the correctness of the conclusion.关键词：self-apaptive;nonlinear;sliding mode;synchroinization25|39|2更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：Adaptive filters have been widely used in system identification, echo cancellation and channel equalization. The sign subband adaptive filter (SSAF) is robust against impulsive noise. However, when the input is corrupted by noise, using the SSAF to estimate the coefficients of the unknown system will result in estimation bias. To address this problem, this paper proposes a bias-compensated SSAF (BC-SSAF) based on an unbiased-estimation criterion. To overcome the problem of tradeoff between convergence rate and steady-state misalignment existing in fixed step-size adaptive filters, this paper uses the method of stochastic gradient to update regularization parameter and thus presents a variable regularization BC-SSAF (VR-BC-SSAF). Simulation results verify the superiority of the BC-SSAF and VR-BC-SSAF.关键词：subband adaptive filtering;impulsive noise;bias compensation;variable regularization81|81|2更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：Unlike the previous methods of realizing reversible finite state machine (FSM) by reconstructing FSM behavior, a circuit structure for reversible FSM realization is proposed in this paper. The circuit structure mainly includes two parts, one for next state and output calculation, the other for state preset, data sampling and storage. In the proposed reversible FSM, there is no complete reversible flip-flops such as JK, D and T, but their functions can be realized by the proposed reversible FSM. Furthermore, a synthesis method of reversible sequential circuits based on the proposed reversible FSM is presented and verified by an example. Compared with the synthesis methods of reversible finite state machine based on behavior reconstruction, the proposed synthesis method in this paper can avoid the solution of the inverse state machine of the original state machine and adding extra bits, which makes the synthesis process simpler.关键词：reversible logic;finite state machine;sequential circuits;logic synthesis114|36|1更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：In order to enhance the output power, prolong the lifetime of the high power magnetron, a method of refractory rare-earth oxide Gd2O3 doped transition metal oxide HfO2 was used to prepare direct-heated rare-earth Gd2Hf2O7 ceramic cathode. The thermionic emission and life characteristics of the Gd2Hf2O7 cathode had been measured. The results show that the cathode can provide 0.1A/cm2 current density for the space charge limitation at 1300℃br, more than 1.93A/cm2 at 1600℃br under 300V anode voltage. The lifetime for the cathode is more than 4000 h with an initial load of 0.5A/cm2 at 1500℃br. Finally, the molecular structure, surface microstructure, element composition and content of the Gd2Hf2O7 ceramic cathode had been analyzed by the XRD, SEM, EDS, AES (equipped with argon ion etching in-depth analysis) respectively. The analysis results show that the single Gd2Hf2O7 phase has formed in the high sintering temperature. When the Gd3+ valences Gd2O3 doped the Hf4+ valences HfO2, the substitutional solid solution will be formed. In order to maintain the electrical neutrality of the Gd2Hf2O7 lattice, an oxygen vacancy will be generated in the lattice. During the cathode activating, aging, and thermally testing, the oxygen vacancy will be generated fast. The more oxygen vacancies are obtained, the better the conductivity of the cathode surface has. Besides, the work function of the cathode can also be reduced due to the improvement of the electro-conductivity that enhances the thermionic emission capability of the cathode.关键词：magnetron;cathode;thermionic emission;lifetime;emission mechanism;Gd2Hf2O711|24|1更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：This paper presents a 250MS/s pipelined ADC with 1.8Vpp full scale and low harmonic distortion implemented in 40nm CMOS. To reduce the large distortion of the conventional source follower when it drives a large sampling capacitor at a large swing, an improved current injection technique and a drain voltage bootstrapping technique were employed. Switches used for sampling and charge transfer in the ADC were implemented with thin-oxide devices to reduce the parasitic capacitance and charge injection. Moreover, on-chip LDOs were applied to provide safe supply voltages for these switches to protect thin-oxide devices from reliability problems. Test results show that with a 10.1MHz input, the ADC achieves the signal-to-noise and distortion (SNDR) of 68.3dB, the spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of 76.4dBc and the total harmonic distortion (THD) of -75.1dBc at -1dBFS, and it achieves 68.3dB SNDR, 80.1dBc SFDR and -78.6dBc THD at -1.57dBFS.关键词：pipelined analog-to-digital converter;harmonic distortion;input buffer;low distortion18|32|0更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：Aiming at the problem that the sea surface communication is seriously disturbed by atmospheric noise, this paper proposes a single sample polarization filter prediction model based on deep neural network, and studies its suppression effect on atmospheric noise in the sea surface short ground wave communication link. DNN neural network directly obtains the non-linear characteristics between information from a large amount of input data, which uses it to update the network parameters, and adjusts the model parameters to make the model reach the optimal state. Three types of atmospheric noise with different proportions of pulse components are selected for simulation. The results show that the traditional algorithm and the DNN network model have basically the same effect on the signal error rate when the signal-to-noise ratio is about 0~15dB. When the bit error rate reaches 10-4, the deep learning model improves the signal-to-noise ratio by about 5dB compared with the traditional algorithm. The experimental results verify the feasibility and accuracy of the neural network in predicting the direction of the single-sample polarization filter coefficients, which has good practical value.关键词：deep neural network;atmospheric noise;single sample polarization filter56|43|1更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：In order to meet the needs of integrated microwave devices for high-resolution microwave near-field measurement, this paper proposes a microwave near-field imaging technology based on the diamond Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) color center. This technology can be used to find interference sources and signal crosstalk of integrated microwave devices such as chips. This microwave near-field imaging method uses diamond NV color center particles as a field sensor, where the diamond particles are fixed at the end of a tapered fiber. Due to the Zeeman effect, the optical detection magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectrum of the NV color center will split into 8 peaks in the external static magnetic field environment. By measuring the Rabi oscillation spectrum of the resonance peak frequency point, the Rabi frequency can be obtained, and then use 2.8MHz/Gauss to calculate the microwave field strength. Finally, the near-field image of the surface microwave field of the chip and the integrated microwave device can be obtained by performing two-dimensional image processing on all measured data points.关键词：microwave field imaging;nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles in diamond;chip;high resolution55|22|0更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) is often used as the switching devices in medium and small power single-phase full-bridge inverters. To realize energy-saving operation of the inverters at high switching frequency, a single-phase full-bridge energy-saving resonant pole inverter topology is proposed. The same auxiliary resonant circuit is connected with parallel on the bridge arm. Before the main switch on the bridge arm is switched on, the voltage across its parallel resonant capacitor becomes zero periodically, which makes the main switch achieve zero-voltage soft-switching and eliminates the capacitive switching loss of MOSFET. It is conducive to the energy-saving operation of the inverter. In this paper, the working mode of the circuit is analyzed. The experimental results show that the main switching devices achieve zero-voltage soft-switching. Therefore, this topology has reference value for the research and development of high-performance medium and small power single-phase full-bridge inverters.关键词：inverter;bridge arm;auxiliary circuit;parallel;switching loss;zero-voltage turn on;resonance11|21|0更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：Mutation testing is a fault-oriented software testing method, which adopts manually injected defects for guiding the generation of test data and evaluating their adequacy. Researchers in the community of software engineering have paid much attention to mutation testing. The prevalence of multi-core architecture makes an ever increasing need for developing reliable concurrent programs. Many scholars have attempted to employ mutation testing to concurrent programs, with the purpose of improving the reliability and efficiency of testing these programs in recent years. Firstly, the difference between this study and previous reviews is displayed. Then, following the background related to concurrent programs and mutation testing, this study surveys the progress on mutation testing of concurrent programs from the following three aspects, mutation implementation, mutation testing adequacy criteria, and test data generation. Specifically, it surveys techniques related to optimizing mutation testing from such aspects as designing mutation operators, selective mutation, high-order mutation, weak mutation, methods of test data generation, and prototype tools. Finally, this study discusses some topics to be further researched.关键词：concurrent program;mutation testing;mutation operator;optimization;test data generation20|45|4更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：NPN bipolar device with surface mount package was selected as the research object in this paper. By setting the equilibrium material and measuring the radiation sensitive electrical parameters of the device during the radiation experiment, the impact of equilibrium material on the total ionization dose effect of bipolar device was studied. The results show that the current gain degradation of bipolar devices with equilibrium material was more obvious than that without equilibrium material, and only setting the front equilibrium material has a greater impact than only setting the back equilibrium material. In the three different equilibrium materials conditions (front and back, front only, and back only), the devices current gain degradation differences were 22.55%, 13.38%, and 12.58 at the 50 krad (Si) dose point and decreased to 11.65%, 7.31%, and 4.14% when the total irradiation dose reached 300 krad (Si) respectively. Therefore, in the process of evaluating the radiation hardness level of electronic device, it is necessary to conduct irradiation tests in the device according to the device's structural size, set a certain thickness of the equilibrium material, so that the device sensitive area to meet the secondary electron equilibrium conditions, so as to ensure that the device sensitive area of the actual absorbed dose to reach the nominal irradiation dose.关键词：total dose effect of ionization;equilibrium material;current gain;secondary electron equilibrium19|34|0更新时间：2025-12-08
- 摘要：Wideband electro-optic phase modulator (PM) is a critical component for the applications of coherent optical communication, microwave photonics signal generation, processing and measurement, due to the advantages of bias-free, linear modulation and low insertion loss. Modulation index and half-wave voltage are key parameters to assess the performance of PMs. However, the conventional mothed based on optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) surfers from low and measurement dead-band. To overcome these problems, a self-calibrated and high-resolution method for the measurement of PM is proposed based on UV-ESA. The modulation index and half-wave voltage are achieved by analyzing the electrical beat notes of the detuned optical carrier and the phase modulation sidebandswith two different driving voltages in the same driving frequency. Moreover, it verify the validity of proposed mechod without dismantling the measurement link and eliminates the need of assisted wideband devices or instruments. The measured results are also compared with those based on OSA to check for effectiveness and consistency of accuracy.关键词：electro-optic phase modulator (PM);unequal voltage based on electrical spectrum analyzer(UV-ESA);modulation index;half-wave voltage39|26|0更新时间：2025-12-08
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