最新刊期

    49 4 2021
    • HOU Xiu-cong, LAI Xiao-ping, CAO Jiu-wen
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 625-630(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20200310
      摘要:By virtue of the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), the multivariate regularized least-squares model fitting problem is decomposed into multiple univariate subproblems that are solvable in parallel. By introducing a tunable step size to accelerate the algorithm, a highly parallel maximally split generalized ADMM (MS-GADMM) is developed for the regularized extreme learning machine (RELM). The convergence condition of the MS-GADMM is established and the computational complexity of the MS-GADMM-based RELM is analyzed. Through experiments on real-world benchmark datasets, the MS-GADMM is compared with a maximally split relaxed ADMM recently presented in the literature. In the GPU implementation experiments, the MS-GADMM has obtained very large GPU acceleration ratios, which demonstrates the high parallelism of the proposed MS-GADMM-based RELM.  
      关键词:machine learning;extreme learning machine;big data;parallel learning;alternating direction method of multipliers   
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    • ZHAO Lu, LIU Chun-hong, DU Jiao, CAO Tian-qing
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 631-636(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20190961
      摘要:The linear complexity of quaternary sequences plays an important role in stream ciphers. In this paper, we investigate the linear complexity of two classes of quaternary sequences over Z4 with optimal autocorrelation. Furthermore, by the theory of Galois rings, the exact value of the linear complexity of sequences constructed from Legendre sequences, twin-prime sequences and generalized GMW sequences are derived, respectively.  
      关键词:cryptography;linear complexity;quaternary sequence;Galois ring   
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    • SU Zhao-pin, WU Zhang-qian, YUE Feng, WU Qin-fang, ZHANG Guo-fu
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 637-646(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20200658
      摘要:Identifying cell-phones using recorded speech has become a hot topic in the field of multimedia forensics in recent years. However, most of the existing studies focus on the clean speech or the speech with unnaturally artificial noise. In this paper, the speech with background noise is taken into account and a source cell-phone identification method is presented on the basis of the low-dimensional deep features. First, the logarithmic Mel-filter bank coefficients are extracted as the main acoustic features and input to the temporal convolutional network for training and further extracting the deep features of speech devices. Then, the linear discriminant analysis is used to reduce the size of the high-dimensional deep features and remove the redundancy. Finally, the low-dimensional deep features are used as input to the support vector machine classifier. The experimental results on 47 models of mobile phones and 37600 speech samples with background noise show that the proposed method has better recognition performance and better adaptability to different brands, different models of the same brand, different sampling lengths, different sizes of the dataset, and different sampling rates.  
      关键词:source cell-phone identification;background noise;low-dimensional deep features;temporal convolutional network;linear discriminant analysis   
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    • ZHANG Ren-chong, PAN Chun-yan, WU Xing, YANG Kun
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 647-660(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20200171
      摘要:In this paper, an adaptive sampling immune optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the nonlinear multi-objective probabilistic optimization problem in noisy environments. In the whole design of the algorithm, we develop an evolutionary framework with small population inspired by the clonal selection principle. The approach for estimating objective value is designed by adaptively determining the sample size of an individual. The population is divided into multilevel non-dominated sub-populations for co-evolution by the traditional fast non-dominated sorting approach. The simulation binary crossover with dynamic crossover distribution index is designed to enhance the information exchanges among all sub-populations. Polynomial mutation and uniform mutation with dynamic mutation distribution index, and adaptive mutation probability are designed to enhance the capability of global and local exploration. Finally, based on three theoretical test questions, energy consumption optimization of sea-rail intermodal transportation and nine representative comparison algorithms, the numerical experiment results show that the algorithm has significant search efficiency, superior search effect and good stability.  
      关键词:multi-objective probabilistic optimization;immune optimization;stochastic simulation;adaptive sampling;sea-rail intermodal transportation   
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    • Multi-Feature Matching Search Algorithm for Bug Knowledge

      LI Bin, CHEN Ding-shan, SUN Xiao-bing, BO Li-li
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 661-664(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20200327
      摘要:Bug data analysis is becoming a hotspot in the software engineering domain. The accumulation of bug knowledge requires redefinition of a new search method to effectively process complex and redundant bug data to efficiently assist bug fixing. This paper proposes a multi-feature matching search algorithm for bug knowledge (MMSBK). First, we analyze the bug question and extract the bug entities and relations. Then, based on bug entity and relation matching, the bug question is associated with the bug knowledge graph. Finally, the search sub-graph is generated based on the bug triples generated by the matching algorithm. The experiment shows the effectiveness of MMSBK.  
      关键词:bug knowledge graph;knowledge search;bug entity;bug relation   
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    • CHEN Fan, QU Ling-feng, YUAN Chang-qi, HE Hong-jie
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 665-671(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20200126
      摘要:The existing redundant-space transfer (RST) image encryption method adopted in the reversible data hiding in encrypted images scheme improved the embedding capacity and the ability against the existing known plaintext attacks. To address the RST image encryption, based on the analysis of three key characteristics of RST image encryption and the definition of ordered equivalence set (OES), the ordered equivalence division-based known plaintext attack method is proposed. For the obtained plain-cipher image pair, i.e., original image and its corresponding encrypted image, the bit-plane scrambling image (BPSI) of the original image is first reconstructed based on the histogram distance comparison. And then for each block in the BPSI, the block scrambling key (BSK) of it is searched and inferred in the OESs obtained by dividing all blocks of encrypted image. We make an analysis on the relation of the SK estimation accuracy with block size, image block number and ordered equivalence set number. Experimental results demonstrate that the BSK estimation accuracy is not less than 0.95 when block size is not less than 4×4 for the test images of 512×512 pixels. Also, the visual effect on the decrypted images obtained from the BSK estimation accuracy of 0.51 to 0.94 shows that the content information of the original image may be leaked even when the BSK estimation accuracy is as low as about 0.50.  
      关键词:reversible data hiding;image encryption;ordered equivalent division;redundant space transfer   
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    • XUE Dan, YUAN Wei-qi
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 672-678(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20200319
      摘要:In view of the fact that the lining crack images collected from highway tunnels have overlaps and gaps, which cannot guarantee that the cracks are connected end to end and directly splicing, this paper proposes a long crack splicing algorithm based on spatial topology and morphological similarity. First, the spatial topological relationship is combined with the image point features, and a long crack connectivity feature point recognition algorithm based on RCC is proposed to automatically identify whether the cracks in adjacent images belong to the same long crack and whether there is overlap or gap; then, a crack registration algorithm based on the cosine similarity measure is used to complete the registration and splicing of the overlapping area, and the geometric calibration method is used to fill the gap and the cracks are connected end to end to complete the splicing. The algorithm has been verified in engineering applications and can automatically complete the splicing of long cracks in the gallery. The experimental results show that the integrated cost performance is superior to the feature stitching algorithm and geometric stitching algorithm in terms of precision and speed. In addition, the algorithm provides a new idea on how to splice continuous lines in multiple images.  
      关键词:highway tunnel;crack;RCC;splicing;cosine similarity   
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    • ZHOU Yong, CHEN Si-lin, ZHAO Jia-qi, ZHANG Di, WANG Han-zheng
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 679-689(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20200554
      摘要:In recent years, the object detection in remote sensing imagery has been a hot research spot with the development of remote sensing technique. To deal with the complex background in the imagery and the detection model’s interpretability, we propose a weakly semantic based attention network for interpretable object detection model in remote sensing imagery. Firstly, a feature pyramid network is devised for the variation of object scales. Next, an angle is added to the regression to better locate the object. Thirdly, we add a weakly semantic segmentation network to enhance feature and filter the noisy information in the background. Finally, the model is dissected by the proposed method to get the interpretable semantic concepts of convolutional kernel. Experiments validated that the model has a good performance in the aspect of suppressing the background noise and make our model easy to comprehend.  
      关键词:object detection;remote sensing imagery;attention network;weakly semantic;deep learning interpretability   
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    • Binocular Stereo Matching Based on Feature Cascade Convolutional Network

      WU Jun-jie, CHEN Zhen, ZHANG Cong-xuan, JIANG Shao-feng, SHANG Xuan
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 690-695(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20190135
      摘要:In order to overcome the ambiguity of ill-posed regions matching while enhancing the connectivity of dense disparity map, this paper proposes a binocular stereo matching method based on feature cascade convolutional neural network. We constructed a fully convolutional densely block with feature reuse to utilize the "skip-connection" mechanism to transmit the feature maps extracted from the previous layers to all subsequent layers, and compensated the local feature information of deep convolution losing. At the forward propagation stage, we designed an indicator function to divide a certain size of the training set as the input of the feature cascade convolutional network model, and applied the Mini-Batch Gradient Descent (MBGD) strategy to update the initial weight and bias parameters. We computed the initial matching cost according to the output of the presented network model, and used the Cross Based Cost Aggregation (CBCA) and Semi-Global Matching (SGM) pipeline to optimize the cost function for generating the accurate and dense disparity map. We used the published training and test sets of Middlebury database to evaluate our approach and other representative stereo matching methods, such as MC-CNN, CBMV and MC-CNN-WS. The experimental results prove that the proposed method has higher accuracy and better robustness of disparity estimation, and especially improves the matching rate and preserves image details in the regions of complex scene, illumination change and weakly textured.  
      关键词:image sequence;dense disparity map;binocular stereo matching;convolutional neural network;fully convolutional densely block;matching cost;forward propagation   
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    • Object Detection Algorithm for Improving Non-Maximum Suppression Using GIoU

      HOU Zhi-qiang, LIU Xiao-yi, YU Wang-sheng, PU Lei, MA Su-gang, FAN Jiu-lun
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 696-705(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20200132
      摘要:Aiming at the problem of missed detection and repeated detection in the single-threshold-non-maximum suppression algorithm, this paper proposes a dual-threshold Non-Maximum Suppression algorithm using GIoU (Generalized Intersection over Union). Using dual thresholds to improve the NMS algorithm and the soft-NMS algorithm, suppressing redundant detection boxes, not only balances the relationship between the object missed detection problem and the object false detection problem caused by the single threshold algorithm, but also reduces the occurrence of the soft-NMS algorithm. Based on the above, using GIoU instead of IoU to calculate the similarity between objects, so that the positioning of the object is more accurate; the non-linear function is used to give different weights to the proposal boxes, which makes the proposal boxes’ scores change non-linearly with distance, and the target discrimination is higher, which is more conducive to suppressing the proposal boxes. The detection accuracy of the improved algorithm on PASCAL VOC and MSCOCO is 74.8% and 25.9%, respectively. At the same time, the algorithm in this paper has a fast detection speed.  
      关键词:double threshold;non-maximum suppression algorithm;repeated detection;post processing   
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    • WANG Rui-hao, LIU Zhe, SONG Yu-qing
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 706-715(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20200101
      摘要:Current deep learning-based pancreas segmentation mainly has the following problems: The anatomical specificity of the pancreas makes the deep network model easily disturbed by complex background; in the traditional two-stage segmentation method, the input of the coarse segmentation is the entire CT image, which leads to inaccurate localization based on the segmentation results; the traditional two-stage segmentation ignores the context information between adjacent slices, which limits the localization and subsequent segmentation results. In order to solve the problems above, a multi-stage pancreas localization and segmentation method combined with slices context information is proposed. In the first stage, anatomical prior locating is used to roughly shrink the input area; in the second stage, the proposed DASU-Net is used for coarse segmentation, and then the segmentation results are optimized with slices context information; last stage, single slice locating is used to further shrink irrelevant background, and then fine segmentation is completed by DASU-Net. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy of pancreas segmentation.  
      关键词:pancreas segmentation;multi-stage segmentation;slices context information;anatomical prior locating;single slice locating   
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    • DENG Xiang-yu, YANG Ya-han
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 716-728(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20200209
      摘要:Automatic segmentation and tilt correction of music images are key techniques in music recognition. Various computer optical music score recognition technologies have been widely used in the digitization of music score images, but there has been little research on the recognition of numbered musical notation. In this paper, an automatic image segmentation algorithm based on PCNN (Pulse Coupled Neural Networks) and DNN (Deep Neural Networks) is proposed to solve the problem of a variety of lighting conditions. The image is processed by adaptive block processing according to the gray scale distribution of the spectral image and analyze the relationship between the gray scale characteristics of each block and the optimal PCNN iteration time, construct an appropriate DNN neural network to realize the adaptive selection of optimal segmentation graph. Further using the horizontal projection of bar lines, we propose a dual-scale descent method to realize the skew correction of numbered musical notation image. We propose an edgeless vertical projection method and connected domain distance judgment method to extract the note and lyrics from numbered musical notation image. Simulation experiments show that the proposed algorithm exibits better robustness for numbered musical notation image under complex illumination conditions and faster speed.  
      关键词:PCNN block segmentation;DNN optimal selection;double scale descent;tilt correction;removable edges vertical projection;extraction of notes and lyrics   
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    • Reconfigurable Convolutional Network Accelerator Based on ZYNQ

      LIU Jie, GE Yi-fan, TIAN Ming, MA Li-qiang
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 729-735(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20200409
      摘要:Aiming at the problems of high complexity of convolution operation, large amount of calculation and the limitation of delay and power consumption when the algorithm is calculated on the CPU and GPU in the convolutional neural network, from the perspective of increasing the calculation rate and reducing power consumption of existing hardware platforms, a reconfigurable neural network acceleration system with high throughput and low power consumption based on ZYNQ is presented. In order to make full use of computing resources, a convolution operation loop optimization circuit is explored; in order to reduce the bandwidth access, a special arrangement of the data in memory is designed. Taking the VGG16 network as an example, using ZYNQ to accelerate the system, 62.00 GPOS effective computing power was reached, which was 2.58 times and 6.88 times that of the GPU and CPU respectively. Its MAC utilization rate was as high as 98.20%, which was close to the theoretical value of the Roofline model. The computing power consumption of the accelerator was 2.0W, and the energy efficiency ratio was 31.00GOPS/W, which was 112.77 times that of the GPU and 334.41 times that of the CPU.  
      关键词:FPGA;convolutional neural network;Roofline model;hardware acceleration   
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    • Cognitive SCMA System Based on Optimal Virtual Gateway

      MENG Nai-xuan, SUN Jun
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 736-743(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20200165
      摘要:In the massive machine type communication (mMTC) scenario of 5G, in order to solve the problem of insufficient spectrum resources and imperfect resource allocation, this paper proposes a cognitive SCMA system model based on the best virtual gateway. This model divides machine type communication devices (MTCDs) into independent clusters based on QoS requirements and geographic location. In each cluster, cognitive radio technology is used to perceive LTE (Long Time Evolution) users who may provide idle spectrum resources, which are defined as virtual gateways. Then the best virtual gateway is selected according to the rule of maximum satisfaction. The spectrum provided by the best virtual gateway is divided into multiple subcarrier groups, and design an optimal matching algorithm between MTCDs and subcarrier groups. MTCDs access the network through the SCMA mode. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively improve the throughput of the system.  
      关键词:massive machine type communication (mMTC);virtual gateway;cognitive radio;SCMA (sparse code multiple access);subcarrier group matching   
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    • LIU Huan-lin, HU Hui-xia, MA Jing, CHEN Yong, WANG Zhan-peng
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 744-749(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20200242
      摘要:Aiming at the multi-link failure scenario, a survivable embedding based on lightpath reliability and spectrum integration factor-aware (SE-LRSIF) algorithm is proposed for virtual optical networks in space-division multiplexing elastic optical networks. During virtual node embedding, a weight evaluation criterion is designed to comprehensively consider the attributes of physical nodes. During virtual link embedding, a working lightpath selection strategy that jointly considers spectrum resources and reliability is designed, and a working lightpath spectrum partition allocation method based on spectrum integration factor-aware is designed to make network spectrum resources more integrated. Moreover, a protection lightpath selection strategy is designed to increase the protection bandwidth sharing. The simulation results show that the proposed SE-LRSIF algorithm can significantly improve the acceptance ratio of virtual optical network requests and reduce the bandwidth blocking probability.  
      关键词:elastic optical network;virtual optical network;reliability;spectrum integration factor;bandwidth blocking probability   
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    • XU Yuan-bo, JIANG Xiang-kui, LI Long
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 750-759(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20200201
      摘要:Considering that the inadequacy of the inferior performance of the symmetric difference analytic energy operator (SD-AEO) technique in the presence of vibration interferences with higher amplitudes, an improved analytic energy operator (AEO) based on SD-AEO is proposed in this work. This proposed energy measure takes advantage of the higher-order symmetric difference to substitute the symmetric difference for the sake of boosting the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), which can enhance the ability to detect the weak fault signal in the presence of vibration interferences with larger magnitude. Furthermore, the energy transformation of this proposed energy operator is weighted by absolute value to prevent the negative values in the transformed signal. Under the simulated tests, the superiority of the immunity to intensive noise and interferences as well as the non-negative property is demonstrated. Finally, the proposed energy detector is applied to the real-world data measured from the defective bearings, and it is found that this proposed fault detection tool can successfully identify the weak fault signatures under a severe working condition.  
      关键词:bearing fault signature detection;higher-order symmetric difference;analytic energy operator;non-negative property   
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    • LI Da-peng, CHEN Jian, WANG Chen, WEN Ying-you, ZHAO Da-zhe
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 760-767(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20200098
      摘要:Conviction in judicial cases is an important part of judicial business, but there is still a lack of effective intelligent auxiliary tools and methods. Aiming at the difficult problem of conviction in judicial cases, a method combining tensor decomposition and Bi-LSTM neural network is proposed. This method represents the case data as a tensor and introduces a template tensor in the tensor decomposition process. The template tensor can be continuously optimized during the training process of Bi-LSTM neural network classification model, so that the decomposed core tensor contains more effective tensor structure and feature information, which is helpful to improve the accuracy of the subsequent classification model and realize the accurate conviction in judicial cases. The experimental results show that the proposed method for conviction in judicial cases based on tensor decomposition and Bi-LSTM has better accuracy than the existing methods.  
      关键词:tensor decomposition;Bi-LSTM;template tensor;conviction in judicial cases;text classification   
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    • Saliency Detection Combined with Small-Scale Deep Generation Model

      CHEN Xing-yu, YE Feng, HUANG Tian-qiang, WENG Bin, CHEN Jia-zhen, LIN Wen-zhong
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 768-774(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20200488
      摘要:Aiming at the difficulties of model training, large amount of model parameters, and slow detection speed in the saliency detection method based on deep neural network models, this paper proposes a saliency detection method that integrates small deep generative models. The method uses the generative adversarial network as the framework, designs a discriminator network consisting of 11 convolution modules and 5 pool layers, as well as a small generator network that does not contain the pool layer, including only 15 convolution modules and 5 transposed convolution modules. Among them, the size of the small generator network is only 2.4M, and the amount of parameters is only about 670,000. A trained small generator is used for saliency detection and fused with the LMB (Salient object detection based on background block re-selection method) algorithm through the designed fusion algorithm to get the final result. A large number of experiments and comparative analysis show that the proposed method has achieved significant improvements in both F value and MAE (Mean Absolute Error) value.  
      关键词:saliency detection;deep neural network;generative adversarial networks;small generation network;fusion algorithm   
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    • MAO Bei-xing, WANG Dong-xiao
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 775-780(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20200316
      摘要:Chaos and its synchronization has become a hot topic. With the need of fractional-order chaotic system modeling, many results have been achieved in the synchronization control of fractional low-order chaotic systems. Studies on the synchronization control of fractional high-dimensional chaotic systems at home and abroad are still very rare. In this paper, the influence of uncertainties and external disturbances is considered. The self-adaptive sliding mode synchronization of high-dimension fractional-order chaotic systems is studied based on self-adaptive sliding mode methods. The sliding mode functions are funded and controllers are designed based on synchronization control theory. The sufficient conditions are obtained for high-dimension fractional-order uncertain chaotic systems getting self-adaptive sliding mode synchronization. The conclusion demonstrate that high-dimension fractional-order uncertain chaotic systems can get self-adaptive sliding mode synchronization under appropriate sliding mode functions, controllers and adaptive rules. And we extend the conclusions of fractional-order high-dimension uncertain chaotic system to integer-order. The sufficient conditions for fractional-order high-dimension chaotic systems getting sliding mode synchronization are verified to be correct using numerical simulation examples.  
      关键词:chaotic;fractional-order;sliding mode;self-adaptive;uncertain;control   
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    • Precise Tracking Algorithm of Space Target Based on Dynamic Model

      XIU Jian-juan, ZHANG Jing-yan, DONG Kai
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 781-787(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20200336
      摘要:The key problem that must be solved in space target monitoring is fast and accurate prediction of target trajectory. The target’s trajectory accurate prediction needs high precision initial value as the premise. Although filtering the target data can reduce the influence of random error and improve the accuracy of data, it is difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision trajectory prediction of space targets. In order or solve this problem, space targets precise tracking algorithm based on dynamic model is proposed, which makes full use of the motion characteristics of space target and establishes the state equation constrained by dynamic model. This algorithm can estimate the real time acceleration of space target by target dynamic model, and the acceleration constrained nonlinear function is turned into approximate linear function, by which the real-time estimation of acceleration and covariance feedback are used to improve the tracking accuracy of space targets. Then, the initial data of trajectory prediction with high accuracy can be obtained.  
      关键词:space targets;dynamic model;acceleration estimation;nonlinear filtering;trajectory prediction;precise tracking   
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    • WANG Qiang, WANG You-zheng, WANG Tian-shi, LIU Xiao-qin
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 788-791(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20190656
      摘要:In order to improve the efficiency of single-phase full-bridge inverter, a topology of high efficiency single-phase full-bridge zero-current switching resonant pole inverter is proposed. When the auxiliary resonant circuit on the bridge arm works in commutation process of the inverter, the switching devices of the inverter can realize zero-current turn-off. When the switching device is insulated gate bipolar transistor (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, IGBT), zero-current turn-off of IGBT can make the turn-off loss caused by trailing current be equal to zero, which is beneficial to improving the efficiency of single-phase full-bridge inverter with IGBT as switching devices. The working process of the circuit is studied. The experimental results show that the switching devices realize zero-current soft-switching. Therefore, the topology has certain reference value for the research and development of high efficiency single-phase full-bridge inverter with IGBT as switching device.  
      关键词:inverter;bridge arm;high-efficiency;resonance;zero-current switch;tail current   
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    • Review on Formal Verification of Smart Contract

      ZHU Jian, HU Kai, ZHANG Bo-jun
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 792-804(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20200723
      摘要:Formal methods are widely used in safety-critical software systems and have effective mathematical-based verification methods, while smart contracts belong to safety-critical codes. Using formal methods to verify smart contracts has become a popular research topic. This paper has conducted researches and analysis on 47 typical related papers since 2015 and carried out detailed classification research and comparative analysis on technology, as well as the formal methods, languages, tools and frameworks used in the formal verification of smart contracts overview. Research shows that theorem proving technique and symbolic execution technique have the widest scope of application, can verify the most properties and are involved in many basic frameworks. And the runtime verification is a new lightweight verification technology, still in the exploratory stage. From this, we have listed some key issues such as automatic verification of smart contracts, conversion consistency, trust in formal tools, and evaluation criteria for formal verification. This paper also looks forward for the future research direction on the combination of formal methods and smart contracts. For attracting more valuable ideas and promote the research in the field.  
      关键词:formal verification;smart contract;blockchain;privacy protection;information security;trusted transaction   
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    • ZUO Xiao-han, LIANG Hua-guo, NI Tian-ming, YANG Zhao, SHU Yue, JIANG Cui-yun, LU Ying-chun
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 805-811(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20190957
      摘要:The yield of the Through-Silicon-Vias (TSVs)-based Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits (3D ICs) is limited by the clustered faults due to immature manufacturing processes and aging. To tolerate TSV clustered faults, a redundancy architecture based on grouping at intervals is demonstrated in this paper. Owing to the use of grouping at intervals, the clustered TSV faults can be dispersed into different redundant groups and repaired with their own repair sources. Besides, MUX chains are utilized to realize the sharing of all repair sources. In experiments, compared with the previous router-based, ring-based and shift-switch redundancy architecture, the repair rates of proposed architecture are enhanced to 27.5%, 62.7% and 11.4%, respectively. More importantly, the repair rate remains close to 100% in severely clustered situation.  
      关键词:3D IC;TSV;clustered faults;interval grouping;redundancy and repair   
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    • A Balanced-Allocation Piggybacks Adding Design for Repairing Parity Nodes

      ZHOU Yue, LI Gui-yang, HAN Hong-yu, LI Hui, HU Jin-ping
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 812-816(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20200056
      摘要:To address the problem of the original Piggybacks adding design which reduces the repair bandwidth of the parity nodes, we propose a balanced-allocation Piggybacks adding design (BAPA). Firstly, the new piggybacks adding rules are given through analysis, and on this base, the piggybacking design BARSR-I and BARSR-Ⅱ which can further reduce the repair bandwidth of parity nodes, are given. Then, the repair process and theoretical derivation value of average repair bandwidth rate of parity nodes in BARSR-I and BARSR-Ⅱ are given. Finally, the encoding complexity and repair complexity under BARSR-I and BARSR-Ⅱ are given. The comparison analysis with the existing Piggybacking design shows that BARSR-I and BARSR-Ⅱ can effectively reduce the repair bandwidth of the parity nodes.  
      关键词:distributed storage systems;piggybacking framework;parity nodes;RSR-I;RSR-II;average repair bandwidth rate   
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    • LI Pei-jie, SHEN Jian-liang, YUAN Hong-xiao, WANG Yong-sheng, XIA Yun-fei, ZHANG Chuan-bo
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 817-823(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20200149
      摘要:In order to meet the application requirements of flexible interconnection in system on chip (SoC), a 1.0625~10.3125Gbps multi-protocol SerDes circuit for software defined interconnection (SDI) system is proposed. The circuit uses a unified architecture to meet the requirements of different protocols. A 1×QPLL+4×Lane PLL structure is implemented to achieve the broadband data rate and the low jitter output. The 32dB channel loss compensation is achieved by programmable feed forward equalizer (FFE), continuous time linear equalizer (CTLE) and decision feedback equalizer (DFE) circuits. The output measures 21.2ps total jitter (TJ) and 633.7fs random jitter (RJ) RMS. The power efficiency of the test chip is 29.33mW/Gbps at 10.3125 Gbps. The output eye pattern of the transmitter, the jitter tolerance and the bit error rate of the receiver can meet the protocol specifications of FC-PI-4, RapidIO 3.0, 10GBase-KR and 1000Base-X.  
      关键词:software defined interconnection (SDI);SerDes;clock data recovery (CDR);phase locked loop (PLL);transceiver;mixed-signal integrated circuit   
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    • WANG Xiao-yu, ZHANG Wen-hou, SUN Li-hui, ZHOU Xin, CAO Zhen-xin, QUAN Xin
      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 824-832(2021) DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20200254
      摘要:As a super-low frequency communication technology, mechanical antenna is a new research field attracting international attention. It has a wide application prospect in long-distance communication and underwater communication. In order to realize the miniaturization and low power consumption of the super-low frequency mechanical antenna, the structure and communication model of the rotating dipole type mechanical antenna are proposed. In view of the proposed communication topology and the radiation intensity of communication signals, a three-axis orthogonal coil is developed as a signal receiving unit. A sensitivity normalized characterization method based on the ratio of thermal noise voltage to induced voltage is proposed. The sensitivity and working condition of the developed coil are tested. The experimental results show that the sensitivity theoretical model can be used in the design of high sensitivity coils and the hollow coil developed can be used in the reception of mechanical antenna signals. The presence of iron products affects the receiving performance of coils. The experimental study provides a theoretical reference for the optimal design of the receiving coil of super-low frequency mechanical antenna.  
      关键词:mechanical antenna;super-low frequency;communication model;hollow coil;sensitivity;signal receiver   
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    • 目录

      Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pages: 833(2021)
        
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