
Improved Expectation Propagation Algorithm of Frequency Domain Turbo Equalization for Underwater Acoustic Channels
JIANG Bin, TANG Yu, BAO Jian-rong, TANG Xiang-hong, LIU Chao
ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA ›› 2022, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3) : 652-662.
Improved Expectation Propagation Algorithm of Frequency Domain Turbo Equalization for Underwater Acoustic Channels
According to the band-limited, sparse and long-delay characteristics of the underwater acoustic (UWA) channels, and considering the requirements for real-time high-quality UWA communication, an expectation propagation (EP) based iterative channel estimation and frequency domain turbo equalization (EP-ICE-FDTE) algorithm is proposed. The EP is used to iteratively estimate the a priori and a posterior distribution of the transmitted symbols, and theposterioriprobability soft-mapped symbols are used to improve the accuracy of channel estimation. Therefore, EP improves the performance of Turbo equalization interference cancellation by optimizing symbol probability and channel estimation. Simulations indicate that the proposed algorithm obtains better received signal recovery than those of traditional ones. The proposed EP-ICE-FDTE obtains 3.4dB, 1.3dB performance gains, when compared with those of the currently well iterative channel estimation-frequency domain decision feedback-frequency domain Turbo equalization (ICE-FDDF-FDTE) in static and time-varying UWA channels, respectively.
underwater acoustic communications / EP algorithm / soft iterative channel estimation / frequency domain Turbo equalization {{custom_keyword}} /
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(1) 输入: 接收信号 (2) 基于训练序列, (3) 初始化Turbo迭代,此时先验对数似然比有 (4) 设置最大的Turbo迭代次数为 (5) Turbo均衡: (6) FOR (7) 初始化EP自迭代,因无边缘外信息 (8) EP自迭代: (9) FOR (10) 利用 (11) IF (12) 基于EP自迭代的后验估计,利用式( (13) END IF (14) 利用 (15) 将得到的先验均值 (16) 式( (17) END FOR (18) EP自迭代优化完成,依据 (19) 解交织均衡外信息 (20) END FOR (21) 输出:译码器解码输出的译码比特 |
表2 水声信道参数设置[19] |
分支 | 信道1 | 信道2 | 信道3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
衰减系数 | 时延(ms) | 衰减系数 | 时延(ms) | 衰减系数 | 时延(ms) | |
1 | 1.000 | 0 | 1.000 | 0 | 1.000 | 0 |
2 | 1.076 | 2.5 | 0.999 | 22.0 | 0.834 | 39 |
3 | 0.615 | 18.0 | 0.998 | 57.7 | 0.909 | 84 |
4 | 0.592 | 24.6 | 0.567 | 88.5 | 0.959 | 104 |
5 | 1.886 | 42.6 | 0.557 | 94.8 | 0.482 | 194 |
6 | 0.794 | 212 | ||||
7 | 0.447 | 448 |
表3 时变水声信道参数设置 |
水深(m) | 100 |
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传输距离(m) | 500 |
扩散因子 | 1.7 |
水底密度(g/m3) | 1.269 |
吸收因子(dB/波长) | 0.01875 |
载波频率(kHz) | 15 |
带宽(kHz) | 5 |
频率分辨率(kHz) | 0.035 |
发射机放置深度(m) | 20 |
接收机放置深度(m) | 20 |
漂移速度(m/s) | 1 |
时变因子 | 0.9 |
信道阶数 | 148 |
表4 不同均衡方法CPU运行时间 |
Turbo Equalizer | ICE-LE-FDTE | ICE-FDDF-FDTE | EP-ICE-FDTE | ICE-SICE | ICE-Exact-LE |
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CPU time(s) | 0.0015 | 0.0022 | 0.0065 | 0.0542 | 13.1464 |
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