observability Gramian W and noise Gramian WN of2-D systems are extended to multidimensional (n-D) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) digital systems. An exPlicit relationship betWeen W and WN is derived. It is shown that: (1) for general n-D systems
the Gramians Kand WN satisfy a pair of modified discrete-time Lyapunov matrix equations (DTLME); (2) for the causal recursive separable denominator (CRSD) n-D systems
both K and WN are block-diagonal matrices
and they can becomputed by solving n pairs of DTLME.