In this paper a systematic approach of 2D reasoning and 3D interpretation from a single image is presented from the point of view of perceptual organization and uncertainty reasoning.Three steps are involved in the 3D perceptural organization approach : （1）2D grouping and uncertainty reasoning;（2） 3D interpretation and justification; （3） model-based consistency verification. Experiments with real images of indoor scene have shown the robustness and efficiency of the approach.