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中央广播电视总台,北京 100859
Received:27 September 2023,
Revised:2024-03-23,
Published:25 April 2025
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姜文波, 赵贵华. 4K/8K超高清电视制播呈现系统及关键技术[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(04): 1164-1173.
JIANG Wen-bo, ZHAO Gui-hua. Systems and Key Technologies of 4K/8K UHD TV Production Broadcasting and Presentation[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(04): 1164-1173.
姜文波, 赵贵华. 4K/8K超高清电视制播呈现系统及关键技术[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(04): 1164-1173. DOI:10.12263/DZXB.20230911
JIANG Wen-bo, ZHAO Gui-hua. Systems and Key Technologies of 4K/8K UHD TV Production Broadcasting and Presentation[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(04): 1164-1173. DOI:10.12263/DZXB.20230911
电视制作播出(以下简称制播)呈现系统经历了从黑白到彩色、从模拟到数字的演进历程,目前正处于从高标清向超高清快速发展的阶段.传统电视高清基带系统信号传输速率仅为1.5 Gbps,无法承载4K/8K超高清信号(48 Gbps@8K,12 Gbps@4K),且高清电视亮度动态范围只有10
3
,而人眼在无瞳孔调节时可视范围为10
5
,因此超高清电视应按照人眼识别的能力,将亮度动态范围提升至10
5
.本文针对超高清无压缩跨域多址互联网协议(Internet Protocol,IP)交换和高动态范围(High Dynamic Range,HDR)制播呈现等技术实现的难题,围绕全台4K/8K演播室、总控、播出及收录等超高清系统全链路的建设情况,全面介绍4K/8K超高清电视的制播呈现系统及关键技术,重点阐述系统超高清IP信号交换、8K超高清
视频成像和图像处理、视频智能增强、扩展现实(eXtended Reality,XR)虚实融合制作、三维菁彩声、异构网络视音频同步传输和4K/8K超高清终端显示等技术创新点,以及超高清高动态特性的采集、制作、播出和呈现全流程节目制播能力.
The television production and presentation system has undergone an evolution from black and white to color
and from analog to digital. Currently
it is in a stage of rapid development from high definition (HD) to ultra-high definition (UHD). The signal transmission rate of the traditional HD baseband system is only 1.5 Gbps
which is unable to carry 4K/8K UHD signals (48 Gbps@8K
12 Gbps@4K). Moreover
the luminance dynamic range of HD television is only 10
3
while the human eye's visible range without pupil adjustment is 10
5
. Therefore
UHD television should enhance the luminance dynamic range to 10
5
in accordance with the human eye's recognition ability. Focusing on the technical challenges such as uncompressed cross-domain multi-address Internet Protocol (IP) switching and high dynamic range (HDR) production and presentation for UHD
this paper comprehensively introduces the UHD television production and presentation system and key technologies
with a particular emphasis on the innovative points of UHD IP signal switching
8K UHD video imaging and image processing
video intelligent enhancement
extended reality (XR) virtual-real fusion production
Audio Vivid
heterogeneous network audio-video synchronization transmission
and 4K/8K UHD terminal display
as well as the full-process program production and presentation capabilities of UHD high dynamic characteristics.
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National Radio and Television Administration . 3D sound codec and rendering : GY/T 363—2023 [S/OL ] . ( 2023-09-11 )[ 2023-09-27 ] . http://www.nrta.gov.cn/art/2023/3/9/art_3715_63623.html. http://www.nrta.gov.cn/art/2023/3/9/art_3715_63623.html. (in Chinese)
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