Residual Units and Attention Gates-Based Asymmetric Encoder-Decoder Network for Sea Clutter Suppression

CHEN Sheng-yao; HU Chen-kang; CHENG Zhi-yong; XI Feng; LIU Zhong

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20231070

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Residual Units and Attention Gates-Based Asymmetric Encoder-Decoder Network for Sea Clutter Suppression

PAPERS | 更新时间：2025-12-08

- Residual Units and Attention Gates-Based Asymmetric Encoder-Decoder Network for Sea Clutter Suppression
- ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA Vol. 52, Issue 8, Pages: 2628-2640(2024)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.南京理工大学电子工程与光电技术学院，江苏南京 210094
  2.巢湖学院计算机与人工智能学院，安徽合肥 238024
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  National Natural Science Foundation of China(62171224)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20231070
  CLC： TN957.51;
- Received：20 November 2023，
  
  Revised：2024-03-05，
  
  Published：25 August 2024
- 稿件说明：
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陈胜垚, 胡晨康, 程智勇, 等. 基于残差单元与注意力门的非对称编解码海杂波抑制网络[J]. 电子学报, 2024, 52(08): 2628-2640.

CHEN Sheng-yao, HU Chen-kang, CHENG Zhi-yong, et al. Residual Units and Attention Gates-Based Asymmetric Encoder-Decoder Network for Sea Clutter Suppression[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2024, 52(08): 2628-2640.
陈胜垚, 胡晨康, 程智勇, 等. 基于残差单元与注意力门的非对称编解码海杂波抑制网络[J]. 电子学报, 2024, 52(08): 2628-2640. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20231070

CHEN Sheng-yao, HU Chen-kang, CHENG Zhi-yong, et al. Residual Units and Attention Gates-Based Asymmetric Encoder-Decoder Network for Sea Clutter Suppression[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2024, 52(08): 2628-2640. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20231070

摘要

针对非均匀海杂波环境下弱小目标检测困难的问题，本文基于复值残差单元和注意力门机制，提出一种用于海杂波抑制的非对称编解码网络（Asymmetric Encoder-Decoder Network，AED-Net）.该网络以雷达回波经匹配滤波后得到的复值信号为输入，利用复值残差单元取代常规卷积单元进行弱小目标和海杂波特征的提取，增强网络特征提取能力的同时避免特征信息退化.然后采用注意力门模块将编码路径各模块提取的特征信息分别送入到解码路径对应的模块.最终输出海杂波抑制后的复值信号.由于各注意力门的输入和输出维度可根据网络结构自主选择，该网络设计是一种非对称编解码结构.与典型对称编解码网络UNet相比，复值残差单元与注意力门的引入显著降低了特征信息的冗余度，增强特征信息的提取与传递，提升了海杂波抑制性能.与此同时，复值残差单元的参数规模远小于卷积单元，而注意力门的引入也有效减少解码路径单元的数量，整个网络的参数规模显著减小.基于海杂波实测数据的实验结果表明，与典型复值UNet（Complex Value-UNet，CV-UNet）网络相比，AED-Net的输出信杂比平均提升9 dB，有效工作的最低信杂比降低了3 dB，模型参数量和计算量分别减少57.8%、50%.

Abstract

To address the challenge of weak target detection in nonhomogeneous sea clutter environments

this paper proposes an asymmetric encoder-decoder network (AED-Net) for sea clutter suppression based on complex-valued residual units and attention gates. The network takes the complex-valued signal generated by radar echoes passing through the matched filter as input. First

it replaces conventional convolutional units with complex-valued residual units to extract features of weak targets and sea clutter

enhancing the network’s capability of feature extraction while avoiding feature degradation. Then

attention gate modules are employed to selectively propagate the feature information extracted by each module in the encoding path to the corresponding modules in the decoding path. Finally

it yields the complex signal after sea clutter suppression as output. Due to the capability of independently selecting the input and output dimensions of each attention gate according to the network structure

the proposed network has an asymmetric encoder-decoder structure. Compared to typical symmetric encoder-decoder network

UNet

the introduction of complex-valued residual units and attention gates significantly reduces the redundancy of feature information

enhances feature extraction and transmission

and thus improves the sea clutter suppression performance. Meanwhile

complex-valued residual units have much smaller parameter size than convolutional units and the introduced attention gates greatly reduce the number of units in the decoding path

resulting in a significant reduction of total network parameters. Experimental results based on real sea clutter data demonstrate that compared to the complex value-UNet (CV-UNet) network

AED-Net achieves an average improvement of 9 dB in the output signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) and can effectively operate at a minimum SCR reduction of 3 dB. Moreover

the number of parameters and the computational cost are reduced by 57.8% and 50%

respectively.

关键词

Keywords

references

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