The Vortex Electron and Vortex Microwave Photon: The Intrinsic and Extrinsic Orbital Angular Momentum

WANG Zhe-yuan; ZHANG Chao

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20240455

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The Vortex Electron and Vortex Microwave Photon: The Intrinsic and Extrinsic Orbital Angular Momentum

PAPERS | 更新时间：2025-07-24

- The Vortex Electron and Vortex Microwave Photon: The Intrinsic and Extrinsic Orbital Angular Momentum
- ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA Vol. 53, Issue 4, Pages: 1174-1181(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  清华大学航天航空学院航空宇航电子系统实验室，北京 100084
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  National Natural Science Foundation of China(62250070)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20240455
  CLC： TN14;
- Received：16 May 2024，
  
  Revised：2025-01-19，
  
  Published：25 April 2025
- 稿件说明：
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王哲远, 张超. 论回旋电子与涡旋电磁波量子：内禀和外部轨道角动量[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(04): 1174-1181.

WANG Zhe-yuan, ZHANG Chao. The Vortex Electron and Vortex Microwave Photon: The Intrinsic and Extrinsic Orbital Angular Momentum[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(04): 1174-1181.
王哲远, 张超. 论回旋电子与涡旋电磁波量子：内禀和外部轨道角动量[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(04): 1174-1181. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20240455

WANG Zhe-yuan, ZHANG Chao. The Vortex Electron and Vortex Microwave Photon: The Intrinsic and Extrinsic Orbital Angular Momentum[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(04): 1174-1181. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20240455

摘要

回旋电子辐射涡旋电磁波量子的理论模型是量子态涡旋电磁波技术的关键.本文是“论回旋电子与涡旋电磁波量子”的一部分，建立“内禀和外部轨道角动量”相关理论模型.单个电子或电磁波量子可具有涡旋特征，并且它们由所携带的内禀轨道角动量决定.为了分析单电子能级跃迁辐射中内禀轨道角动量的传递，本文在自由空间和磁场的不同场景中理论计算了单个电子波包内禀轨道角动量的本征值，表明内禀轨道角动量仅由电子波包自身决定，但是外部轨道角动量受坐标系影响.内禀轨道角动量中的量子数改变时，应当表现为电子波包的膨胀或紧缩.本文还给出了电磁波量子在自由空间中的内禀轨道角动量和扭曲光纤中外部轨道角动量表达式，根据是否携带内禀轨道角动量，大量电磁波量子构成量子态轨道角动量电磁波和统计态轨道角动量电磁波.

Abstract

The theoretical model of cyclotron electron to radiate vortex electromagnetic wave photons is crucial for the technology of quantum state vortex electromagnetic wave. This paper is the part of “The Vortex Electron and Vortex electromagnetic wave Photon”

which establishes the theoretical model related to the “The Intrinsic and Extrinsic Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM)”. Single electron or electromagnetic wave photon can form vortices and are determined by their intrinsic OAM. Aiming to analyze the intrinsic OAM of a single electron transferring in the energy level transition radiation

the eigenvalues of the intrinsic OAM are calculated theoretically in different scenarios of free space and magnetic field in this paper. The results show that the intrinsic OAM is only determined by the electron wave packet

while the extrinsic OAM is affected by the choice of coordinate system. When the quantum number in the intrinsic OAM is changed

the physical variation is the expansion or contraction of the electron wave packet. This paper also gives expressions for the intrinsic OAM of electromagnetic wave photons in free space and the extrinsic OAM in twisted optical fiber. Depending on the presence of the intrinsic OAM

a mass of electromagnetic wave photons can constitute a quantum state OAM electromagnetic wave and a statistical state OAM electromagnetic wave.

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references

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Related Institution

Labs of Avionics， School of Aerospace Engineering， Tsinghua University

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