A Robust Reversible Watermarking Scheme Using IWT and Adaptive Pseudo-Zernike Moment

GAO Guang-yong; HUA Feng; WANG Min; ZHAO Chuan-xin; XIA Zhi-hua

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20240646

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A Robust Reversible Watermarking Scheme Using IWT and Adaptive Pseudo-Zernike Moment

PAPERS | 更新时间：2025-08-18

- A Robust Reversible Watermarking Scheme Using IWT and Adaptive Pseudo-Zernike Moment
- ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA Vol. 53, Issue 5, Pages: 1571-1583(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.南京信息工程大学数字取证教育部工程研究中心，江苏南京 210044
  2.南京信息工程大学计算机学院、网络空间安全学院，江苏南京 210044
  3.安徽师范大学计算机与信息学院，安徽芜湖 241002
  4.暨南大学网络安全学院，广东广州 510632
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  Research and Development Plan of China(2022YFB3103100);Humanities and Social Science Foundation of the Ministry of Education(24YJA870002);Graduate Research Innovation Program of Jiangsu(KYCX22_1221)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20240646
  CLC： TP37;
- Received：09 July 2024，
  
  Revised：2025-03-20，
  
  Published：25 May 2025
- 稿件说明：
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高光勇, 花锋, 王敏, 等. 采用IWT和自适应伪Zernike矩的鲁棒可逆水印方案[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(05): 1571-1583.

GAO Guang-yong, HUA Feng, WANG Min, et al. A Robust Reversible Watermarking Scheme Using IWT and Adaptive Pseudo-Zernike Moment[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(05): 1571-1583.
高光勇, 花锋, 王敏, 等. 采用IWT和自适应伪Zernike矩的鲁棒可逆水印方案[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(05): 1571-1583. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20240646

GAO Guang-yong, HUA Feng, WANG Min, et al. A Robust Reversible Watermarking Scheme Using IWT and Adaptive Pseudo-Zernike Moment[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(05): 1571-1583. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20240646

摘要

鲁棒可逆水印（Robust Reversible Watermarking，RRW）是近年来信息隐藏领域中一个非常新颖和有价值的研究方向，无论是在图像的版权认证还是高保真领域都有较好发展前景.然而，

现有的RRW方案抵抗几何变换、常见攻击以及联合攻击的鲁棒性较差.为了解决这些问题，本文提出一种采用整数小波变换（Integer Wavelet Transformation，IWT）和自适应伪Zernike矩的鲁棒可逆水印方案，该方案在提升水印不可感知性的同时具有可逆性和鲁棒性.首先，由原始图像通过IWT得到低频区域计算生成伪Zernike矩的幅度，然后用自适应归一化方法选择合适的矩，再通过改进的带抖动补偿量化索引调制技术将鲁棒水印嵌入到合适的伪Zernike矩中，对带水印的伪Zernike矩进行重构生成水印图像.最后计算其hash值，并将其与水印图像和原始图像之间的误差、重构误差组成辅助信息嵌入水印图像中，在无攻击的情况下实现载体图像的可逆还原.实验结果表明，本方案对常见信号处理和几何变换攻击具有鲁棒性，相较于近几年提出的RRW方案，本方案在不可见性下实现了更好的鲁棒性.

Abstract

Robust reversible watermarking (RRW) is a very novel and valuable research direction in the field of information hiding in recent years

which has a good development prospect in both image copyright authentication and high-fidelity fields. However

existing RRW schemes are less robust against geometric transformations

common attacks

and joint attacks. To solve these issues

this paper proposes a robust reversible watermarking scheme using integer wavelet transformation (IWT) and adaptive Pseudo-Zernike moments that is reversible and robust while improving watermark imperceptibility and embedding capacity. First

the low-frequency region is obtained from the original image through IWT

and the magnitude of the generated Pseudo-Zernike moment is calculated

and then the qualified moment is selected by the adaptive normalization method and the optimized embedding strategy. Then

the robust watermark is embedded into the appropriate Pseudo-Zernike moments by the improved quantization index modulation with distortion compensation (DC-QIM)

and the watermarked Pseudo-Zernike moment is reconstructed to generate the watermarked image. Finally

its hash value is calculated

and the error between the watermarked image and the original image and the reconstruction error constitute auxiliary information embedded in the watermark image

so as to realize the reversible restoration of the carrier image without attack. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is robust to common signal processing and geometric transformation attacks. Compared with RRW schemes proposed in recent years

this scheme achieves better robustness under good invisibility.

关键词

Keywords

references

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