An Accurate DOA Estimation Method for mmWave Large-Scale Antenna Arrays

YIN Peng; LIU De-kang; ZHENG Chen; DING Xu-hui; FAN Xing-yu; GUO Lan-tu

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20240661

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An Accurate DOA Estimation Method for mmWave Large-Scale Antenna Arrays

PAPERS | 更新时间：2025-08-18

- An Accurate DOA Estimation Method for mmWave Large-Scale Antenna Arrays
- ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA Vol. 53, Issue 5, Pages: 1423-1435(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国科学院大学网络空间安全学院，北京100085
  2.军工保密资格审查认证中心，北京100089
  3.北京航空航天大学无人系统研究院，北京 100191
  4.北京理工大学信息与电子学院，北京 100081
  5.北京理工大学网络空间安全学院，北京 100081
  6.中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所，山东青岛 266107
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20240661
  CLC： TN91;
- Received：15 July 2024，
  
  Revised：2025-01-09，
  
  Published：25 May 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
尹鹏, 刘德康, 郑晨, 等. 毫米波大规模阵列的精确角度估计方法[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(05): 1423-1435.

YIN Peng, LIU De-kang, ZHENG Chen, et al. An Accurate DOA Estimation Method for mmWave Large-Scale Antenna Arrays[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(05): 1423-1435.
尹鹏, 刘德康, 郑晨, 等. 毫米波大规模阵列的精确角度估计方法[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(05): 1423-1435. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20240661

YIN Peng, LIU De-kang, ZHENG Chen, et al. An Accurate DOA Estimation Method for mmWave Large-Scale Antenna Arrays[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(05): 1423-1435. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20240661

摘要

波达角（Direction Of Arrival，DOA）高精度估计对于应用毫米波大规模阵列实现多用户高速通信意义重大.针对宽带效应恶化接收信号质量、混合结构引起信号维度下降、多用户角度估计计算复杂度高等问题，本文提出了一种基于宽带信号相位测量的高精度DOA估计方法.首先，建立了基于混合结构的毫米波大规模阵列系统模型和宽带接收信号模型，论证了宽带效应的影响.其次，推导了DOA估计的克拉美-罗下界（Cramer-Rao Lower Bound，CRLB），并基于最小化CRLB提出了一种满足恒模约束的最优模拟矩阵设计方法.随后，针对单用户场景，提出了一种基于相位测量的无网格渐进CRLB高精度DOA估计方法.最后，针对多用户场景，提出了利用期望最大化（Expectation Maximization，EM）方法的迭代DOA估计算法，避免了联合估计导致的维度灾难，降低了计算复杂度.仿真结果显示，在信噪比超过5 dB时，所提单用户、多用户估计算法能够渐进达到CRLB，DOA估计性能超越传统估计方法，验证了本文所提算法的有效性，避免了宽带效应和信号降维的影响.

Abstract

High-precision direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is of great significance for multi-user high-speed communication using millimeter-wave large-scale arrays. To deal with the issues of degraded received signal quality due to wideband effects

reduced signal dimension caused by hybrid structures

and high computational complexity required in multi-user angle estimation

this paper proposes a high-precision DOA estimation method based on wideband signal phase measurement. Firstly

this paper establishes a system model and wideband received signal model for millimeter-wave large-scale arrays with a hybrid structure

and demonstrates the impact of wideband effects. Secondly

this paper derives the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for DOA estimation and proposes an optimal training sequence design method that satisfies constant modulus constraints by minimizing CRLB. Subsequently

for single-user scenarios

this paper proposes a gridless high-precision DOA estimation method based on phase measurement reaching CRLB progressively. For multi-user scenarios

an iterative DOA estimation algorithm using the expectation maximization (EM) method is proposed on the basis of single-user DOA estimation to avoid dimension disaster caused by joint estimation and reduce computational complexity. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. When the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) exceeds 5 dB

the single-user and multi-user estimation algorithms proposed in this paper can progressively achieve CRLB

and the DOA estimation performance surpasses traditional estimation methods

avoiding the impact of wideband effects and signal dimension reduction.

关键词

Keywords

references

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