Research Progress and Future Prospects of Free-Space Optical Communication for UAVs

WU Xu-yang; WANG Jian-ping; CHEN Dan-yang; JIN Jian-li; LU Hui-min

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20241080

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Research Progress and Future Prospects of Free-Space Optical Communication for UAVs

SURVEYS AND REVIEWS | 更新时间：2025-12-27

- Research Progress and Future Prospects of Free-Space Optical Communication for UAVs
- ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA Vol. 53, Issue 8, Pages: 3026-3046(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  北京科技大学计算机与通信工程学院，北京 100083
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  National Natural Science Foundation of China(62401039;62374015)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20241080
  CLC： TN929.12;
- Received：02 December 2024，
  
  Accepted：29 July 2025，
  
  Published：25 August 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
吴旭阳, 王建萍, 陈丹阳, 等. 基于自由空间光的无人机通信研究进展及展望[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(08): 3026-3046.

WU Xu-yang, WANG Jian-ping, CHEN Dan-yang, et al. Research Progress and Future Prospects of Free-Space Optical Communication for UAVs[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(08): 3026-3046.
吴旭阳, 王建萍, 陈丹阳, 等. 基于自由空间光的无人机通信研究进展及展望[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(08): 3026-3046. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20241080

WU Xu-yang, WANG Jian-ping, CHEN Dan-yang, et al. Research Progress and Future Prospects of Free-Space Optical Communication for UAVs[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(08): 3026-3046. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20241080

摘要

无人机因其灵活性高、机动性强，在军事和民用领域应用广泛.基于射频的通信方式面临频谱资源有限和干扰问题，自由空间光通信作为替代方案应用到无人机通信，具有高带宽、高速率、强抗干扰能力和高安全性等优势.然而，自由空间光通信易受大气环境影响，且无人机的高移动性和机载资源有限等因素给其带来诸多挑战.本文概述了基于自由空间光的无人机通信架构、特点和信道特征，介绍了多输入多输出、自由空间光和射频异构融合、中继通信/任务缓存、智能反射面等关键技术及最新进展，探讨了环境适应性、高精度定位、能量效率、网络架构与安全性等方面的挑战，并对自适应光束控制、多模态传感融合、能源高效硬件创新、混合通信架构与量子安全等未来发展方向进行了展望，为自由空间光在无人机通信领域的创新应用提供参考.

Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are extensively utilized in both military and civilian domains due to their high flexibility and mobility. However

radio-frequency (RF) communication faces challenges such as limited spectrum resources and interference. As a promising alternative

free-space optical (FSO) communication offers significant advantages

including high bandwidth

fast data rates

strong resistance to interference

and enhanced security. Nevertheless

FSO communication is highly sensitive to atmospheric conditions

and the high mobility of UAVs

coupled with limited onboard resources

introduces several operational challenges. This paper provides an overview of the FSO-based UAVs communication architecture

its characteristics

and the underlying channel dynamics. It discusses key technologies and recent advancements

including multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)

hybrid RF-FSO integration

relay communication/mission caching

and intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS). The challenges related to environmental adaptability

precise positioning

energy efficiency

network architecture

and security are thoroughly examined. Furthermore

the paper explores future research directions

such as adaptive beam control

multi-modal sensor fusion

energy-efficient hardware innovations

hybrid communication architectures

and quantum security. This study aims to offer insights into the innovative applications of FSO communication for UAVs.

关键词

Keywords

references

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