Research Progress on Blockchain-Empowered Data Storage Security Service

ZHANG Yao-yao; ZHOU Yuan; YANG Qing-lin; ZHUANSUN Chen-lu; CHEN Kai; LI Yi; LIU Yuan; TIAN Zhi-hong

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20250347

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Research Progress on Blockchain-Empowered Data Storage Security Service

SURVEYS AND REVIEWS | 更新时间：2026-02-05

- Research Progress on Blockchain-Empowered Data Storage Security Service
- ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA Vol. 53, Issue 10, Pages: 3794-3816(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  广州大学网络空间安全学院，广东广州 510555
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  National Natural Science Foundation of China(62172085);National Key R&D Program of China Grant(2022YFB3102700);Project of Guangdong Key Laboratory of Industrial Control System Security(2024B1212020010)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250347
  CLC： TP309.2;
- Received：30 April 2025，
  
  Accepted：24 October 2025，
  
  Published：25 October 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
张瑶瑶, 周圆, 杨青林, 等. 区块链赋能数据存储安全服务研究进展[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(10): 3794-3816.

ZHANG Yao-yao, ZHOU Yuan, YANG Qing-lin, et al. Research Progress on Blockchain-Empowered Data Storage Security Service[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(10): 3794-3816.
张瑶瑶, 周圆, 杨青林, 等. 区块链赋能数据存储安全服务研究进展[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(10): 3794-3816. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250347

ZHANG Yao-yao, ZHOU Yuan, YANG Qing-lin, et al. Research Progress on Blockchain-Empowered Data Storage Security Service[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(10): 3794-3816. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250347

摘要

随着数字经济的高速发展，数据存储已成为数据要素全生命周期管理的核心环节，在完整性、隐私性、可用性等安全属性上面临多重挑战.区块链依托分布式账本数据结构与密码学共识机制，构建起覆盖数据全生命周期可信存储的基座，为破解安全挑战提供创新技术路径.然而现有区块链技术在可扩展性、效率优化和安全加固等方面仍存在局限，亟需系统梳理区块链赋能数据安全的技术路径与能力边界.本文围绕数据安全服务“数据上链、服务访问、授权管理、生态运营”等关键业务，系统性调研区块链赋能数据安全研究进展，并面向数据安全利用和价值流通等数据产业安全发展指明技术发展趋势.具体地，本文首先从数据上链存储环节出发，分析影响数据完整性的共识机制、可编辑区块链以及完整性审计技术现状；其次在服务访问环节，分析拒绝服务（Denial-of-Service，DoS）攻击和低效率功能两类威胁的攻击原理，并对比当前存储可用性方案的优缺点；面对授权管理环节，从身份管理和密文存储两方面讨论数据跨域和非法访问问题及分析现有解决方案；面对数据存储安全服务生态运营需求，探索可扩展性的共识协议和分片机制两类技术，分析其成本、效率与适配性等方面瓶颈；最后，讨论区块链在数据安全领域赋能大语言模型（Large Language Model，LLM）安全的能力，并展望区块链在抗量子密码算法的能效优化机制、基于联邦学习的区块链弹性扩展架构，以及可信数据要素驱动的大语言模型等研究方向的发展趋势.

Abstract

With the rapid growth of the digital economy

data storage has become a critical component in the whole management cycle

but it encounters several critical security challenges

such as content integrity

privacy preservation

and sustainable availability. Benefiting from the distributed ledger structure and cryptographic consensus mechanisms

blockchain technology provides a trustworthy solution for addressing these security challenges. Given the fact that the current blockchain systems remain constrained by scalability

efficiency

and security limitations

it is essential to conduct a systematic review of their data storage service capacities and analyze their security boundaries. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of research progress in blockchain-enabled data security by investigating its key procedures

including data on-chain storage

service access

authorization management

and ecological operation to identify emerging technical trends towards secure data utilization and value exchange. Specifically

this paper begins by examining the data on-chain storage phase

analyzing the current state of consensus mechanisms

editable blockchains

and integrity auditing technologies that impact data integrity. Next

in the service access phase

it analyzes the attack principles of two types of threats - DoS (Denial-of-Service) attacks and inefficient functionality - and compares the strengths and weaknesses of existing storage availability solutions. Regarding the authorization management phase

it discusses cross-domain data and unauthorized access issues from the perspectives of identity management and ciphertext storage

while analyzing existing solutions. In response to the ecological operation needs of data storage security service

it explores two types of technologies — scalable consensus protocols and sharding mechanisms — analyzing their bottlenecks in terms of cost

efficiency

and adaptability. Finally

it discusses blockchain’s capability to empower LLM (Large Language Models) in the field of data security and looks ahead to research trends

including energy-efficient optimization mechanisms for post-quantum cryptographic algorithms

blockchain elastic scaling architectures based on federated learning

and trusted data element-driven LLMs.

关键词

Keywords

references

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