Hybrid Salp Swarm Optimization Control Strategy for Microgrid Grid-Connected and Islanded Mode Switching System

WANG Hou-neng; YIN Jin-xiao; LIAO Xiao-bing; YE Shi-feng

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20250514

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Hybrid Salp Swarm Optimization Control Strategy for Microgrid Grid-Connected and Islanded Mode Switching System

PAPERS | 更新时间：2026-02-10

- Hybrid Salp Swarm Optimization Control Strategy for Microgrid Grid-Connected and Islanded Mode Switching System
- ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA Vol. 53, Issue 11, Pages: 4091-4103(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.武汉工程大学电气信息学院，湖北武汉 430205
  2.广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局，广东广州 510620
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  National Natural Science Foundation of China(52107122)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250514
  CLC： TP12;
- Received：18 June 2025，
  
  Accepted：19 November 2025，
  
  Published：25 November 2025
- 稿件说明：
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王后能, 殷劲骁, 廖小兵, 等. 微电网并离网切换系统混合樽海鞘优化控制策略[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(11): 4091-4103.

WANG Hou-neng, YIN Jin-xiao, LIAO Xiao-bing, et al. Hybrid Salp Swarm Optimization Control Strategy for Microgrid Grid-Connected and Islanded Mode Switching System[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(11): 4091-4103.
王后能, 殷劲骁, 廖小兵, 等. 微电网并离网切换系统混合樽海鞘优化控制策略[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(11): 4091-4103. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250514

WANG Hou-neng, YIN Jin-xiao, LIAO Xiao-bing, et al. Hybrid Salp Swarm Optimization Control Strategy for Microgrid Grid-Connected and Islanded Mode Switching System[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(11): 4091-4103. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250514

摘要

在能源转型与“双碳”目标驱动下，孤岛微电网作为灵活可靠的分布式能源载体，其多模式切换控制如并网/孤岛运行模式切换控制及孤岛运行时内部多能源协调切换控制对保障供电质量、系统稳定性和经济性至关重要.但随着孤岛微电网不断扩建与复杂度提升，其运行存在多重挑战：内部存在的强非线性耦合、外部不确定随机干扰、参数不确定和控制成本与复杂度高等问题日益突出，会导致切换失稳和暂态性能较差等问题.微电网切换系统可以进行内部能源间相互切换，还可以和大电网相连，实现并网和孤岛运行模式相切换，且动态特性和运行工况更加复杂.本文以存在计划孤岛的微电网并离网非线性切换系统为对象，微电网并网和孤岛运行之间的非线性特性加剧变量间的耦合关系，扰动还会引起抖振甚至系统失稳.首先，通过一种改进交叉滑模反步控制（Improved Cross Backstepping Sliding Mode Variable Control，ICBSMVC）来解耦非严格反馈系统，利用

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类函数提高收敛速度；其次，融入误差补偿和滑模控制来增强系统鲁棒性，设计改进扩张状态观测器来补偿外部随机不确定干扰；此外采用动态面技术（Dynamic Surface Control，DSC）来改善“计算爆炸”问题.最后，将哈里斯鹰优化算法和樽海鞘群优化算法相结合，提出一种混合樽海鞘优化算法来实现并离网之间存在外部扰动的情况下平滑切换，实现微电网快速且稳定地并离网切换控制，保证电压和频率稳定.基于Matlab平台进行了仿真对比实验验证本文所提控制方法的有效性.首先通过数值实例验证了改进扩张状态观测器可以更快追踪到扰动信号，跟踪误差为0，且不会出现抖动.对fal函数进行改进，能够更精确地估计外部扰动，使得微电网在切换过程中能够快速稳定，并减少稳态误差.本文所提方法在由孤岛运行切换到并网运行时，0.16 s内频率能稳定到50 Hz，并网运行模式切换到孤岛运行模式时，也能在0.166 s内频率能恢复到50 Hz，在两种模式切换时，电压的波形几乎没有突变，验证了本文控制方法的有效性.

Abstract

Driven by energy transition and the “dual carbon” goals

islanded microgrids serve as flexible and reliable distributed energy carriers. Their multi-mode switching control

such as grid-connected/islanded operation mode switching and internal multi-energy coordination switching during islanded operation

is crucial for ensuring power supply quality

system stability and economic efficiency. However

with the continuous expansion and increasing complexity of islanded microgrids

multiple operational challenges emerge: strong nonlinear couplings internally

external uncertain random disturbances

parameter uncertainties

and high control costs and complexity. These issues can lead to switching instability and poor transient performance. Microgrid switched systems enable mutual switching among internal energy sources and can also connect to the main grid

allowing transitions between grid-connected and islanded modes

with more complex dynamic characteristics and operational conditions. This paper focuses on a nonlinear switching system of microgrids with planned islanding

where the nonlinear characteristics between grid-connected and islanded modes intensify coupling relationships among variables and disturbances may cause chattering or even system instability. First

an improved cross backstepping sliding mode variable control (ICBSMVC) is employed to decouple non-strict feedback systems

utilizing a barrier Lyapunov function to enhance convergence speed. Second

error compensation and sliding mode control are integrated to improve system robustness and an improved extended state observer is designed to compensate for external stochastic uncertainties.Additionally

dynamic surface control (DSC) is adopted to mitigate the “explosion in computation” problem. Finally

combining the Harris Hawk optimization algorithm and the sardine swarm optimization algorithm

a hybrid sardine swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to achieve smooth switching between grid-connected and islanded modes under external disturbances

enabling rapid and stable microgrid switching control while ensuring voltage and frequency stability. Simulation experiments on the Matlab platform validate the effectiveness of the proposed control method. Numerical examples demonstrate that the improved extended state observer can track disturbance signals more quickly

with zero tracking error and no chattering. The modified fal function enables more accurate estimation of external disturbances

ensuring rapid stabilization during microgrid switching and reducing steady-state errors. The proposed method achieves frequency stabilization at 50 Hz within 0.16 s when transitioning from islanded to grid-connected mode and restores frequency to 50 Hz within 0.166 s when switching from grid-connected to islanded mode. Voltage waveforms exhibit minimal abrupt changes during mode transitions

confirming the effectiveness of the control method.

关键词

Keywords

references

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