Two-Level Coded-Modulation Scheme with Probabilistic Shaping for Mobile Communications

YUAN Ruimin; LIU Ling; BAI Baoming

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20250709

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Two-Level Coded-Modulation Scheme with Probabilistic Shaping for Mobile Communications

PAPERS | 更新时间：2026-06-16

- Two-Level Coded-Modulation Scheme with Probabilistic Shaping for Mobile Communications
- ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA Vol. 54, Issue 3, Pages: 1296-1309(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西安电子科技大学空天地一体化综合业务网全国重点实验室，陕西西安 710071
  2.西安电子科技大学广州研究院，广东广州 510555
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1000500);National Natural Science Foundation of China(62171356)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250709
  CLC： TN911;
- Received：14 August 2025，
  
  Accepted：24 February 2026，
  
  Published：25 March 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
袁瑞敏, 刘凌, 白宝明. 面向移动通信的概率成形两层编码调制方案[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(03): 1296-1309.

YUAN Ruimin, LIU Ling, BAI Baoming. Two-Level Coded-Modulation Scheme with Probabilistic Shaping for Mobile Communications[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(03): 1296-1309.
袁瑞敏, 刘凌, 白宝明. 面向移动通信的概率成形两层编码调制方案[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(03): 1296-1309. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250709

YUAN Ruimin, LIU Ling, BAI Baoming. Two-Level Coded-Modulation Scheme with Probabilistic Shaping for Mobile Communications[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(03): 1296-1309. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250709

摘要

作为一种新型的编码调制方案，概率成形的两层编码调制（Two-Level Coded Modulation with Probabilistic Shaping，TLCM-PS）提供了编码增益和成形增益，同时保持了适中的复杂度。然而，现有的TLCM-PS方案尚未针对移动通信中的信道衰落问题提出有效的解决方案。为此，本文提出了一种适用于衰落信道的TLCM-PS方案。具体而言，对于高阶信号星座的低可靠度标号比特，采用5G低密度校验码（Low-Density Parity-Check，LDPC）码进行保护；对于高可靠度标号比特，则使用基于硬判决译码的Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem（BCH）码进行保护。在衰落信道下，利用空时分组编码和多天线技术获取分集增益，减少了低可靠度标号的解调错误概率，从而使BCH码输出很低的错误概率。高可靠度标号比特采用了并行解映射，低可靠度标号比特采用硬判决解映射。基于这一特点，本文分析了编码调制系统的可达速率。基于可达速率分析，以及分集增益对低可靠度标号比特错误率的影响，本文提出了一种针对星座成形、LDPC编码和BCH编码的冗余分配方法。首先在无BCH码的假设下，通过优化可达速率确定成形和LDPC码的最优冗余分配，得到一个好的瀑布区性能。然后固定LDPC码的冗余，取出小部分成形冗余给BCH码，以轻微的瀑布区性能回退换取子集内标号比特的可靠度。仿真结果表明，所提方案在2 × 2天线的瑞利衰落信道下能保持低于10

-4

的误帧率，并且相较于均匀的比特交织编码调制系统，所提方案在高于6.0比特/二维的传输速率下具有0.75 dB的增益。此外，分析表明，相较于均匀的比特交织编码调制系统，所提方案的复杂度显著降低。

Abstract

As a novel coded modulation scheme

two-level coded modulation with probabilistic shaping (TLCM-PS) provides both coding gain and shaping gain while has moderate complexity. However

existing TLCM-PS schemes have not yet provided effective solutions for channel fading in mobile communications. To address this issue

this paper proposes a TLCM-PS scheme which is suitable for fading channels. Specifically

low-reliability labeling bits in higher-order signal constellations are coded by 5G low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes

while high-reliability labeling bits are coded using Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes with hard decision decoding. In fading channels

space-time block coding and multiple-antenna techniques are employed to achieve diversity gain

which reduces the demodulation error probability of the low-reliability bits and ensures a very low output error probability for BCH codes. Parallel demapping is adopted for high-reliability labeling bits

whereas hard-decision demapping is used for low-reliability bits. Based on this property

the achievable rate of the coded modulation system is analyzed. Leveraging the achievable rate analysis and the impact of diversity gain on the error rate of low-reliability labeling bits

this paper proposes a method for redundancy allocation among constellation shaping

LDPC codes

and BCH codes. First

under the assumption of no BCH code

the optimal redundancy allocation for shaping and LDPC codes is determined by optimizing the achievable rate

achieving good performance in the waterfall region. Then

with the LDPC redundancy fixed

a small portion of shaping redundancy is reassigned to the BCH code

trading off a slight degradation in waterfall performance for enhanced reliability of intra-subset labeling bits. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can keep the frame error rate below 10

-4

under Rayleigh fading channels. Moreover

compared to the uniform bit-interleaved coded modulation system

the proposed scheme offers a gai

n of 0.75 dB at the transmission rate above 6.0 bits per two-dimensional symbol. Additionally

analysis shows that the complexity of the proposed scheme is significantly lower than that of the uniform bit-interleaved coded modulation system.

关键词

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references

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