Broadband Wide-Beamwidth Phased Array System

ZHANG Luolun; CHEN Xianzhou; YANG Xu; ZHANG Zhiya

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20250952

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Broadband Wide-Beamwidth Phased Array System

PAPERS | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- Broadband Wide-Beamwidth Phased Array System
- ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA Vol. 54, Issue 2, Pages: 673-683(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西安电子科技大学电子工程学院，陕西西安 710071
  2.中国空间技术研究院西安分院，陕西西安 710100
  3.空间微波通信全国重点实验室，陕西西安 710100
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  National Natural Science Foundation of China(62271372)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250952
  CLC： TN82;
- Received：23 January 2026，
  
  Accepted：24 February 2026，
  
  Published：25 February 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
张锣伦, 陈显舟, 杨旭, 等. 宽带宽波束相控阵系统[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(02): 673-683.

ZHANG Luolun, CHEN Xianzhou, YANG Xu, et al. Broadband Wide-Beamwidth Phased Array System[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(02): 673-683.
张锣伦, 陈显舟, 杨旭, 等. 宽带宽波束相控阵系统[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(02): 673-683. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250952

ZHANG Luolun, CHEN Xianzhou, YANG Xu, et al. Broadband Wide-Beamwidth Phased Array System[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(02): 673-683. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250952

摘要

具备宽频带与宽角度扫描能力的相控阵系统已成为电子战与宽带通信领域的关键设备。本研究设计并实现了一种宽带宽波束相控阵系统，旨在满足复杂环境下对宽频带波束展宽的设计需求，同时实现系统的小型化和轻量化。该系统采用6 × 14规模的阵列构型，以小型化的对数周期偶极子天线作为基本辐射单元，通过弯折偶极子振子臂延长电流路径，并结合介质基板挖孔技术，有效减小了天线单元的物理尺寸与整机重量，同时配合采用碳纤维地板进一步降低了系统重量。本文的核心创新在于构建了一种能够同时实现宽频带、宽波束的相控阵系统，通过在阵列中集成衰减器、移相器及延迟器，并结合波束赋形算法，在瞬时大带宽条件下实现了稳定的宽波束与精确的宽角度扫描，这一设计同时克服了紧耦合阵列方案中单元间互耦过大对有源驻波的影响，保障了系统在宽频带内的辐射稳定性。多通道T/R组件采用“瓦片式”结构提高了集成度，延迟器用于补偿移相器在不同频率下引入的相位差异，与移相器共同组成宽带波束控制网络，有效避免了传统相控阵在宽带宽角扫描时因移相器频率敏感性而产生的波束空间色散与波形时间色散问题。系统整机测试结果表明，该相控阵系统在0.8~2 GHz全频带内可稳定工作，在每500 MHz瞬时带宽内均可实现俯仰面±20°和方位面±40°的波束扫描能力，同时方位面波束宽度不小于10°，俯仰面波束宽度不小于20°，在宽频段内表现出稳定的宽波束性能。整体性能方面，系统在单元输入功率小于10 W的条件下，等效全向辐射功率大于41 dBW，且系统整体重量较传统设计显著降低。仿真与实测结果的一致性验证了设计的有效性，实测中波束指向稳定、副瓣电平可控，证明了该系统在复杂电磁环境下的工程实用性。此外，该系统在宽频带内维持了良好的辐射效率和稳定的增益特性，进一步验证了其在实际应用中的可靠性与适应性。本文研究的宽带宽波束相控阵系统在波束覆盖范围、瞬时带宽内的扫描稳定性与系统轻量化方面均表现出显著优势，为国内宽带阵列工程化应用提供了有效解决方案，且该设计思路有望应用于更高频段的通信与探测系统中。

Abstract

Phased array systems with wideband and wide-beam scanning capabilities have become critical equipment in the fields of electronic warfare and broadband communication. This study designs and implements a wideband and wide-beam phased array system

aiming to meet the design requirements for wideband beam broadening in complex environments while achieving system miniaturization and lightweight construction. The system adopts a 6 × 14 array configuration

utilizing miniaturized log-periodic dipole antennas as the basic radiating elements. By bending the dipole arms to extend the current path and combining this with dielectric substrate perforation techniques

the physical dimensions of the antenna elements and the overall system weight are effectively reduced. Additionally

the use of a carbon fiber ground plane further decreases the system weight. The core innovation of this paper lies in constructing a phased array system capable of simultaneously achieving wideband and wide-beam performance. By integrating attenuators

phase shifters

and true time delay lines within the array

combined with beamforming algorithms

stable wide beams and precise wide-angle scanning are achieved under instantaneous wide bandwidth conditions. This design simultaneously overcomes the impact of excessive mutual coupling between elements on active standing wave ratio

which is a challenge in tightly coupled array solutions

thereby ensuring radiation stability across the wide frequency band. The multi-channel T/R modules adopt a “tile-type” structure to enhance integration density. The true time delay lines compensate for phase differences introduced by phase shifters at different frequencies

working together with the phase shifters to form a wideband beam steering network. This effectively avoids the problems of beam squint and signal dispersion that occur in traditional phased arrays during wideband and wide-angle scanning due to the frequency sensitivity of phase shifters. System-level test results demonstrate that the phased array system operates stably across the full 0.8~2 GHz band. Within every 500 MHz instantaneous bandwidth

it achieves beam scanning capabilities of ±20° in the elevation plane and ±40° in the azimuth plane. Concurrently

the azimuth beamwidth is no less than 10°

and the elevation beamwidth is no less than 20°

exhibiting stable wide-beam performance across the broad frequency range. Regarding radiation performance

with an element input power of less than 10 W

the system’s effective isotropic radiated power exceeds 41 dBW

and the overall system weight is significantly reduced compared to traditional designs. The consistency between simulated and measured results validates the design’s effectiveness. The measured stable beam pointing and controllable sidelobe levels confirm the system’s engineering practicality in complex electromagnetic environments. Furthermore

the system maintains good radiation efficiency and stable gain characteristics across the wide frequency band

further verifying its reliability and adaptability in practical applications. The wideband and wide-beam phased array system developed in this study demonstrates significant advantages in beam coverage range

scanning stability within instantaneous bandwidth

and system lightweighting. It provides an effective solution for the engineering application of wideband arrays domestically

and this design approach holds promise for application in communication and detection systems operating at higher frequency bands.

关键词

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references

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