基于微波光子的卫星通信载荷架构及关键技术

何元智; 尹浩; 谭庆贵; 文爱军; 刘韵

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20211196

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基于微波光子的卫星通信载荷架构及关键技术

《电子学报》创刊60周年专栏 | 更新时间：2025-12-11

- 基于微波光子的卫星通信载荷架构及关键技术
- Architecture and Key Technologies of Satellite Communication Payload Based on Microwave Photonics
- 电子学报 2022年50卷第12期页码：2945-2956
- 作者机构：
  
  1.军事科学院系统工程研究院，北京 100141
  2.西安空间无线电技术研究所，陕西西安 710000
  3.西安电子科技大学，陕西西安 710000
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "何元智女，1974年出生，四川自贡人.研究员，军事科学院首席专家、博士生导师.获国家和省部级科技进步奖多项，获何梁何利科技创新奖、中国青年科技奖特别奖和中国青年女科学家奖.当前研究方向为卫星通信、微波光子、空间信息网络等.E-mail: he_yuanzhi@126.com" ]
  [ "尹浩男，1959年出生，江苏南京人.中国科学院院士、军事科学院研究员、博士生导师，通信网络领域专家；中国电子学会常务理事，工业和信息化部通信科学技术委员会常委等.主要从事通信网络技术研究，在复杂环境通信网络理论方法研究、体系结构设计和技术应用等方面取得了多项创新性成果，主持完成20多项国家和国防重大科研项目，获国家科技进步奖、省部级科技进步奖多项.E-mail: yinhao@cashq.ac.cn" ]
  [ "刘韵女，1990年出生，陕西西安人.军事科学院助理工程师，主要从事卫星通信系统、空间信息网络等方面的研究工作." ]
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20211196
  中图分类号： TN927;
- 收稿：2021-09-01，
  
  修回：2022-06-29，
  
  纸质出版：2022-12-25
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
何元智,尹浩,谭庆贵等.基于微波光子的卫星通信载荷架构及关键技术[J].电子学报,2022,50(12):2945-2956.

HE Yuan-zhi,YIN Hao,TAN Qing-gui,et al.Architecture and Key Technologies of Satellite Communication Payload Based on Microwave Photonics[J].ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA,2022,50(12):2945-2956.
何元智,尹浩,谭庆贵等.基于微波光子的卫星通信载荷架构及关键技术[J].电子学报,2022,50(12):2945-2956. DOI： 10.12263/DZXB.20211196.

HE Yuan-zhi,YIN Hao,TAN Qing-gui,et al.Architecture and Key Technologies of Satellite Communication Payload Based on Microwave Photonics[J].ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA,2022,50(12):2945-2956. DOI： 10.12263/DZXB.20211196.

摘要

未来卫星通信正不断向多频段大带宽传输、多粒度柔性交换转发、宽带灵活空间高速组网的方向发展，对卫星通信载荷的处理交换能力以及高速传输能力提出了更高的要求.传统的卫星通信系统通常采用微波技术进行信号的星上处理和转发，在处理速度和传输带宽等方面存在的电子瓶颈，使之难以在兼顾载荷重量、体积和功耗的前提下，实现多频段、大带宽、多粒度、多通道的数据传输和高速率、大容量星间数据交互，因而难以适应未来卫星通信需求.微波光子学融合了微波和光子两大技术，具有工作频带宽、瞬时带宽大、无电磁干扰、接入灵活、体积小、重量轻等特点，基于微波光子学的卫星通信载荷能够利用光学手段克服传统微波技术的电子瓶颈，大幅度提高卫星通信系统的多频段、大带宽通信信号的传输与处理性能，为卫星通信载荷的设计提供了新的思路.本文针对基于传统微波技术的卫星通信所存在的局限性，探索未来新型微波光子卫星通信载荷架构，提出了微波光子通信载荷系统构成和实现方案，重点阐述了宽带光电/电光阵列转换模块、大瞬时带宽微波光子信道化单元及多尺度微波光子柔性交换模块的模块组成及功能结构；在此基础上，进一步研究了宽带低杂散微波光子变频、微波光子密集信道化及光交换矩阵等关键技术，给出相应的解决方案，同时为降低系统体积、重量、功耗，提升系统稳定性，探索了系统的芯片化、集成化技术的可借鉴性思路；随后，针对微波光子载荷的卫星通信载荷在未来卫星通信和空间信息网络中潜在的重要作用，分析展望了基于微波光子载荷的卫星通信应用设想，提出了本地数据处理转发、远距离数据传输转发、分布式星群群内协作处理三种典型数据传输模式，支持Q/V、Ka、Ku等多频段、多带宽、多通道、多业务的微波信号接收及发送，以及高速率、大容量、远距离的激光链路数据交互；最后，对基于微波光子的卫星通信载荷技术的发展路线和有待解决的重难点问题进行了总结和展望，为未来多频段一体化卫星通信载荷的设计和应用提供了重要理论参考和关键技术支撑.

Abstract

Satellite communication is developing towards the direction of multi-frequency and large bandwidth transmission

multi-granularity flexible switching and forwarding

broadband flexible space high-speed networking

which puts forward higher requirements for the processing and switching capacity

and high-speed transmission capacity of satellite communication payloads. Traditional satellite communication systems usually use microwave technology to process and forward signals on the satellite. There are electronic bottlenecks in processing speed and transmission bandwidth

which makes it difficult to achieve multi-frequency

large bandwidth

multi-granularity

multi-channel data transmission and high-speed

high-capacity inter-satellite data interaction under the premise of taking into account the load weight

volume and power consumption

so as to meet the needs of future satellite communications. Microwave photonics combines microwave and photon technologies

and has the characteristics of wide working frequency band

large instantaneous bandwidth

no electromagnetic interference

flexible access

small size

light weight

etc. Satellite communication payloads based on microwave photonics can overcome the electronic bottleneck of traditional microwave technology by optical means

and greatly improve the transmission and processing performance of multi-frequency and large bandwidth communication signals of satellite communication systems. It provides a new idea for the design of satellite communication payload. Aiming at the limitations of satellite communication based on traditional microwave technology

this paper explores the new microwave photonic satellite communication payload architecture in the future

proposes the composition and implementation scheme of microwave photonic communication payload system

and focuses on the module composition and functional structure of broadband optical-electro/electro-optical array conversion module

large instantaneous bandwidth microwave photonics channelization unit

and multi-scale microwave photonics flexible switching module. On this basis

the key technologies such as broadband low stray microwave photonics frequency conversion

microwave photonics intensive channelization and optical switching matrix are further studied

and the corresponding solutions are proposed. At the same time

in order to reduce the system volume

weight

power consumption and improve the system stability

the referential ideas of the chip and integration technologies of the system are explored. Then

in view of the potential important role of satellite communication payloads of microwave photonic payloads in future satellite communications and space information networks

this paper analyzes and prospects the application scenarios of satellite communications based on microwave photonics payloads

and proposes three typical data transmission modes

namely local data processing and forwarding

remote data transmission and forwarding

and collaborative processing within distributed satellite clusters

which support Q/V

Ku and other multi-frequency

multi-bandwidth

multi-channel multi-service microwave signal reception and transmission

and high-speed

high-capacity

long-distance laser link data interaction. Finally

the development route and key problems to be solved of satellite communication payload technology based on microwave photonics are summarized and prospected

which provides important theoretical reference and key technical support for the design and application of future multi-frequency integrated satellite communication payloads.

关键词

Keywords

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