基于可重构OTA装置的非平稳多维无线信道重构模型与应用性能分析

刘元安; 王卫民; 张震; 王珩; 高华强

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20221138

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基于可重构OTA装置的非平稳多维无线信道重构模型与应用性能分析

《电子学报》创刊60周年专栏 | 更新时间：2025-12-11

- 基于可重构OTA装置的非平稳多维无线信道重构模型与应用性能分析
- Non-Stationary Multi-Dimensional Wireless Channel Model Emulated with Reconfigurable OTA Setup and Its Application Analysis
- 电子学报 2022年50卷第12期页码：2935-2944
- 作者机构：
  
  1.北京邮电大学电子工程学院安全生产智能监控北京市重点实验室，北京 100876
  2.奥尔堡大学电子系统系天线传播和毫米波系统实验室，丹麦奥尔堡 9220
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "刘元安男，1963年出生，四川乐至人.北京邮电大学电子工程学院教授，博士生导师.主要研究方向为电磁场与微波技术.E-mail: yuliu@bupt.edu.cn" ]
  [ "王卫民女，1977年出生，山东临沂人.北京邮电大学电子工程学院副教授，博士生导师.主要研究方向为微波电路与天线测试. E-mail: wangwm@bupt.edu.cn" ]
  [ "张震男，1997年出生，山西晋中人.北京邮电大学电子工程学院硕士研究生.主要研究方向为无线通信与信道建模.E-mail: zzz915@bupt.edu.cn" ]
  [ "王珩男，1994年出生，山东泰安人.北京邮电大学电子工程学院博士生.主要研究方向为无线设备射频性能验证与天线测试.E-mail: hengwang@bupt.edu.cn" ]
  [ "高华强男，1994年出生，湖北洪湖人.2022年于北京邮电大学获得工学博士学位.现为丹麦奥尔堡大学研究助理/博士后.主要研究方向为无线设备的空口测试、天线测量和相控阵校准.E-mail: gaohq@ieee.org" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(61821001;62090015)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20221138
  中图分类号： TN929.5;
- 收稿：2022-10-10，
  
  修回：2022-12-31，
  
  纸质出版：2022-12-25
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
刘元安,王卫民,张震等.基于可重构OTA装置的非平稳多维无线信道重构模型与应用性能分析[J].电子学报,2022,50(12):2935-2944.

LIU Yuan-an,WANG Wei-min,ZHANG Zhen,et al.Non-Stationary Multi-Dimensional Wireless Channel Model Emulated with Reconfigurable OTA Setup and Its Application Analysis[J].ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA,2022,50(12):2935-2944.
刘元安,王卫民,张震等.基于可重构OTA装置的非平稳多维无线信道重构模型与应用性能分析[J].电子学报,2022,50(12):2935-2944. DOI： 10.12263/DZXB.20221138.

LIU Yuan-an,WANG Wei-min,ZHANG Zhen,et al.Non-Stationary Multi-Dimensional Wireless Channel Model Emulated with Reconfigurable OTA Setup and Its Application Analysis[J].ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA,2022,50(12):2935-2944. DOI： 10.12263/DZXB.20221138.

摘要

大规模多入多出（massive MIMO）天线阵列是5G及下一代移动通信的关键使能技术，可靠可信可行且可按需灵活构建的室内多维度性能测试与验证对推动massive MIMO系统技术的基础理论研究、关键技术突破和商用部署至关重要.为了进行大规模MIMO设备的技术验证、场景完备性测试与技术缺陷评估，发展真实可靠的室内模拟性能测试方法至关重要，其核心挑战是如何为待测设备（Device Under Test，DUT）在测试装置中重建丰富、完备的目标电波传播环境.本文在早期提出的虚拟探头快速位置优化方法及其探头权重计算闭式解和不同信道场景下精确多维度信道重构工作的基础上，提出了一种基于可重构OTA装置的非平稳多维无线信道重构方法，为DUT测试提供了拟真的目标非平稳多维无线信道重构机制，能够有效克服传统多探头微波暗室法（Multi-Probe Anechoic Chamber，MPAC）、辐射两步法（Radiated Two Stage，RTS）以及混响室法（Reverberation Chamber，RC）等三种方法难以满足工作于动态信道环境中大规模MIMO天线系统及其波束性能功能描述问题.本文引进可构建不同比特（bit）数的移相器，重构信道空间谱变化，可开展最大空间相关性误差、加权空间相关性均方根误差（weighted root mean square correlation error）、空间功率角度谱（PAS）相似性（PAS similarity）和固定波束功率损失（fixed beam power loss）评估.本文通过全场景多维度信道重构环境分析表明，4 bit精度移相器可以在保证最佳成本效益的前提下，为室外场景的室内近真实重构提供理想精度的相位矩阵，这也为量化分析移相器误差对虚拟OTA方法影响提供了理论基础和技术途径.本文通过迄今为止未见报道的移相器分辨率因素引入，为传统的相位矩阵虚拟OTA测试装置用于真实复杂电磁传播环境massive MIMO无线设备及其模拟重构，通过相控矩阵调节DUT中各个天线单元的相位响应，模拟探头天线辐射电磁波在自由空间中的传播变化，仿真自适应massive MIMO核心指标与验证，提供了一种有效方法，达成了实际应用场景的信道重构.此外，实验还表明，在虚拟探头数量足够多的情况下，3 bit移相器也能够提供较为理想的信道重构性能，可指导用于室内装置的移相器选择以及低复杂度相控矩阵构建，同时本文也指出虽然4 bit移相器已经能够提供精确信道重构，但也可以选择5 bit移相器提供1 bit安全冗余.进一步，为深入验证本文结果对非标准测量信道场景重构的有效性，本文重构了一个射线追踪模型的动态信道环境，同时，该模型信道在多个空间位置的精确重构也证明了本文方法的广泛适用性与可行性.

Abstract

Massive multiple input multiple output(MIMO) is regarded as the crucial enabling technology of the fifth generation(5G) mobile communication. Reliable

feasible

and reconfigurable indoor multi-dimensional performance testing and verification are significant to boost basic theoretical research

key technology breakthrough

and commercial deployment for the massive MIMO system. To implement the technique validation

scenario completeness test

and defect assessment for the massive MIMO device

developing reliable and realistic indoor emulated performance testing methodology is essential. The key challenge is how to reconstruct the rich and complete target propagation environment for the device under test(DUT). Based on early research

i.e.

efficient virtual probe position determination method and closed-form probe weighting strategy

which realize accurate multi-dimensional emulation for various channel scenarios

this paper proposes a multi-dimensional channel emulation methodology for non-stationary wireless propagation with reconfigurable over the air(OTA) setup. The proposed channel emulation mechanism effectively tackles the challenge of the conventional OTA techniques

i.e.

multi-probe anechoic chamber(MPAC)

radiated two stage(RTS)

and reverberation chamber(RC)

to test the realistic performance of the beam-steerable massive MIMO device typically operating in dynamic channel. By employing the phase shifters with various bit numbers

this paper investigates the emulation results of the reconstructed channel spatial profiles in terms of maximum spatial correlation

weightes root mean square correlation error

power angular spectrum(PAS) similarity

and fixes beam power loss. According to the complete scenario and multi-dimensional channel emulation in this paper

it is concluded that the 4 bit phase shifter can cost-effectively provide an accurate phase matrix for indoor realistic propagation channel reconstruction. It also provides the theoretical basis and technical approach for quantifying the impact of phase shifter errors on the virtual OTA method. This paper introduces the phase shifter resolution factor

which has not been reported so far

to the phase-matrix-based virtual OTA test setup for the performance testing of the massive MIMO wireless devices in the realistic complex electromagnetic propagation environment with the reconstructed communication link. Specifically

it mimics the propagation of the waves radiated from probe antennas by adjusting the phase responses among the DUT elements in the phase matrix to enable the emulation of the target channel scenario where the key performance indicators of the adaptive massive MIMO DUT are validated. In addition

the 3 bit phase shifter could also provide satisfying emulation performance using sufficient virtual probes

leading to meaningful guidance for the phase shifter selection and low-complexity phase matrix construction. On the other hand

one can select the 5 bit phase shifter for safety redundancy to ensure emulation accuracy. Furthermore

this paper emulates a more realistic dynamic channel environment based on the ray tracing model to further validate the effectiveness of the derived conclusion on the non-standard measured channel scenario. The accurate ray-tracing channel emulation on multiple positions experimentally demonstrates the applicability and feasibility of the obtained conclusion.

关键词

Keywords

references

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