基于惠更斯等效原理的高速高密度PCB分级建模方法

刘元安; 高兆栋; 孙胜; 苏明; 郑少勇; 吴帆; 郭星月; 穆冬梅

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20230970

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基于惠更斯等效原理的高速高密度PCB分级建模方法

中国电子学会科学技术奖特约专栏 | 更新时间：2025-12-08

- 基于惠更斯等效原理的高速高密度PCB分级建模方法
- Segmentation Modelling Method for High-Speed High-Density PCB Systems Based on Huygens Equivalent Principle
- 电子学报 2024年52卷第4期页码：1118-1131
- 作者机构：
  
  1.北京邮电大学电子工程学院安全生产智能监控北京市重点实验室，北京 100876
  2.电子科技大学电子科学与工程学院，四川成都 611731
  3.中山大学电子与信息工程学院（微电子学院），广东广州 510006
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "刘元安男，1963年出生，四川乐至人.北京邮电大学电子工程学院教授，博士生导师.主要研究方向为电磁场与微波技术.中国电子学会会员编号：E190004687F.E-mail: yuliu@bupt.edu.cn" ]
  [ "高兆栋男，1996年出生，河北雄安人.北京邮电大学电子工程学院博士后研究员.主要研究方向为声振动激励天线.E-mail: zdgao@bupt.edu.cn" ]
  [ "孙胜男，1980年出生，陕西西安人.电子科技大学电子科学与工程学院教授，博士生导师.获“中国电子学会优秀科技工作者”荣誉称号及中国电子学会科学技术奖3项.在国内外发表学术论文220余篇获.中国电子学会会员编号：E190014062S.E-mail: sunsheng@uestc.edu.cn" ]
  [ "苏明男，山东安丘人.北京邮电大学电子工程学院副教授，博士生导师.主要研究方向为天线理论与技术.中国电子学会会员编号：E190013005M.E-mail: suming@bupt.edu.cn" ]
  [ "郑少勇男，1981年出生，福建泉州人.中山大学电子与信息工程学院教授，博士生导师.主要研究方向为电磁场与微波技术.中国电子学会会员编号：E190011728M.E-mail: zhengshaoy@mail.sysu.edu.cn" ]
  [ "吴帆女，1981年5月出生于广西柳州.现为北京邮电大学电子工程学院教授，博士生导师.历年来主持国家自然科学基金重大项目课题、国家“863计划”课题等国家级和省部级项目24项，已在本领域有影响力的学术期刊和会议上发表论文百余篇，获授权专利28项，转让4项，获省部级科研奖励5项.中国电子学会会员编号：E190037244M.E-mail: wufanwww@bupt.edu.cn" ]
  [ "郭星月女，1988年9月出生于黑龙江省肇东市.现为北京邮电大学电子工程学院特聘副研究员，博士生导师.研究方向包括计算电磁学、特征模理论、电磁兼容与天线设计等.中国电子学会会员编号：E190037222M.E-mail: gxy4010@126.com" ]
  [ "穆冬梅女，1986年出生.现为北京邮电大学电子工程学院工程师.主要研究方向为电磁测试与电磁兼容、智能天线设计等.中国电子学会会员编号：E190020268M.E-mail: mdm@bupt.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(62090015;62293494;62301071)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20230970
  中图分类号： O441;TN41
- 收稿：2023-10-19，
  
  修回：2024-01-15，
  
  纸质出版：2024-04-25
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
刘元安,高兆栋,孙胜,等.基于惠更斯等效原理的高速高密度PCB分级建模方法[J].电子学报,2024,52(04):1118-1131.

LIU Yuan-an, GAO Zhao-dong, SUN Sheng, et al.Segmentation Modelling Method for High-Speed High-Density PCB Systems Based on Huygens Equivalent Principle[J].Acta Electronica Sinica, 2024, 52(04): 1118-1131.
刘元安,高兆栋,孙胜,等.基于惠更斯等效原理的高速高密度PCB分级建模方法[J].电子学报,2024,52(04):1118-1131. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20230970

LIU Yuan-an, GAO Zhao-dong, SUN Sheng, et al.Segmentation Modelling Method for High-Speed High-Density PCB Systems Based on Huygens Equivalent Principle[J].Acta Electronica Sinica, 2024, 52(04): 1118-1131. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20230970

摘要

当带宽达到20 GHz以上时（波长从15 mm到无穷小），高速高密度电子系统的内部电路电磁环境变得十分复杂，越来越难以建模和分析预测，进一步当带宽达到40 GHz以上时，电路电磁环境问题将变得更加尖锐.为在设计阶段能够对电磁作用过程、作用效应进行预测评估及控制，需要精确的建模方法和针对大尺度问题的快速计算技术，尤其是超大带宽超高速混合电路和集成电路.本文提出了基于混合电路环境电磁计算基础理论的跨尺度处理技术，通过惠更斯等效原理和电磁奇异性几何结构的电磁收敛降速机理的利用，解决了多维交叉多尺度电路电磁环境场路融合的高效率高精度建模技术挑战；利用惠更斯等效原理和基尔霍夫积分方程，在区域边界面上定义了惠更斯端口，提出了对于任意复杂印制电路板（Printed Circuit Board， PCB）同时垂直方向和水平方向区域分解的一般方法，实现了任意PCB结构的分级分类处理和模块化封装，提高了高速高密度电子系统分析的灵活度；提出了基于几何结构电磁学多重本地本征展开的技术途径，发展了基于模式和区域分解分割的快速并行处理技术，通过电磁锐变区域本征描述及场分布的本征基函数表征，实现了高精度和高计算速度兼得，减少了复杂电子系统的计算时间和设计时间.统计数据表明，本文提出的方法在0~40 GHz大带宽频率范围内频偏误差为3.7%、幅度偏差为±3 dB.本文提出的PCB分级建模分析方法可以应用于高端电子通信系统设计，提升我国宽带高速数模系统的高效电路设计和环境电磁调控能力，缩短产品研发周期.

Abstract

When the working bandwidth exceeds 20 GHz (wavelength from less than 15 mm to infinitesimal)

the electromagnetic (EM) environment of high-speed high-density electronic systems becomes very complex

and it is increasingly difficult to model

analyze and predict the EM response

and it makes the problem more acute when the bandwidth reaches more than 40 GHz. In order to be able to predict

evaluate and even control the process and effect of EM response at the design stage

accurate modeling methods and large-scale fast computing techniques are required

especially ultra-large bandwidth ultra-high-speed hybrid circuits and integrated circuits are involved. In this paper

a multi-scale processing technology based on the basic theory of electromagnetic computing in hybrid circuit environment is proposed

which solves the technical challenge of high-efficiency and high-precision field-circuit-hybrid modeling for electromagnetic environments of multi-scale complex circuits by employing the Huygens equivalence principle and the electromagnetic convergence and speed reduction mechanism of electromagnetic singularity. Using the Huygens equivalence principle and Kirchhoff integral equation

the Huygens port is defined on the regional boundary surface

and a general method of domain decomposition is proposed which can simultaneously cut entire region into vertical and horizontal subregions for arbitrary complex printed circuit board (PCB). The proposed realizes the hierarchical classification processing and modular packaging of any PCB structure

and improves the flexibility of high-speed high-density electronic system analysis. A technical approach based on eigen mode expansion method is proposed

and a fast parallel processing technology based on modal and domain decomposition and segmentation method is developed

which realizes both high precision and high calculation speed through the eigen-function representation for discontinuous field distribution

and reduces the calculation time and design time of complex electronic systems. Statistic data reveal frequency error of 3.7% and amplitude error of ±3 dB in verification range of 0~40 GHz. The hierarchical modeling and analysis method proposed in this paper can be applied to the design of high-end electronic communication system and improve the Chinese circuit design and control capabilities of the electromagnetic environment of broadband high-speed digital-analog system

and shorten the product development cycle.

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