高密度磁盘性能优化技术研究综述

伍卫国; 张驰; 于芳星; 聂世强; 李孟涵; 牛洁

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20231129

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高密度磁盘性能优化技术研究综述

综述评论 | 更新时间：2025-12-11

- 高密度磁盘性能优化技术研究综述
- A Survey on the Research of Novel High-Density Disk Performance Optimization Techniques
- 电子学报 2024年52卷第5期页码：1759-1782
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学计算机科学与技术学院，陕西西安 710000
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "伍卫国男，1963年出生于江西安福.现为西安交通大学计算机科学与技术学院教授、博士生导师.主要研究方向为高性能计算机体系结构、海量存储系统、云计算与嵌入式系统.E-mail: wgwu@mail.xjtu.edu.cn" ]
  [ "张驰男，1990年7月出生于河南安阳.获得西安交通大学工学博士学位.主要研究方向为计算机体系结构、海量存储系统以及新兴大容量存储器件性能优化等.E-mail: chi.zhang@stu.xjtu.edu.cn" ]
  [ "于芳星男，1995年出生于河南鹤壁.现为西安交通大学电信学部计算机科学与技术学院博士研究生.主要研究方向为IMR磁盘性能优化、文件系统以及安全删除技术等.E-mail: fangxingyu@stu.xjtu.edu.cn" ]
  [ "聂世强男，1993年出生于河南信阳.现为西安交通大学计算机科学与技术学院助理教授.主要研究方向为计算机体系结构、非易失性存储介质性能和可靠性优化等.E-mail: shiqiang.nie@xjtu.edu.cn" ]
  [ "李孟涵男，2000年1月出生于辽宁葫芦岛.现为西安交通大学计算机科学与技术学院硕士研究生.主要研究方向为基于新型存储设备的键值存储优化.E-mail: lmh13052690592@stu.xjtu.edu.cn" ]
  [ "牛洁女，2000年9月出生于山西太原.现为西安交通大学软件学院硕士研究生.主要研究方向为非易失性存储介质性能和可靠性优化." ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(61972311;62202368)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20231129
  中图分类号： TP333.3;
- 收稿：2023-12-05，
  
  修回：2024-03-25，
  
  纸质出版：2024-05-25
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
伍卫国, 张驰, 于芳星, 等. 高密度磁盘性能优化技术研究综述[J]. 电子学报, 2024, 52(05): 1759-1782.

WU Wei-guo, ZHANG Chi, YU Fang-xing, et al. A Survey on the Research of Novel High-Density Disk Performance Optimization Techniques[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2024, 52(05): 1759-1782.
伍卫国, 张驰, 于芳星, 等. 高密度磁盘性能优化技术研究综述[J]. 电子学报, 2024, 52(05): 1759-1782. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20231129

WU Wei-guo, ZHANG Chi, YU Fang-xing, et al. A Survey on the Research of Novel High-Density Disk Performance Optimization Techniques[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2024, 52(05): 1759-1782. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20231129

摘要

在当今数字化时代，海量数据的生成和积累呈现出爆炸式增长的趋势，因此对存储容量的需求急速上升.传统磁记录磁盘CMR因其高容量和低成本而被视为解决海量数据存储的首选.然而，由于超顺磁效应的制约，CMR（Conventional Magnetic Recording）磁盘面密度的提升已触及极限.为了突破这一限制，叠瓦式磁记录技术SMR（Shingled Magnetic Recording）应运而生.基于传统硬盘架构，该技术以重叠磁道的方式，显著提升了磁盘面密度.但SMR磁盘在处理随机写时，会产生不可预测的写放大效应，从而严重影响I/O性能.为解决这一问题，业界随即提出了交错式磁记录技术IMR（Interlaced Magnetic Recording），利用优化的磁道布局和热辅助磁记录技术，有效实现了存储容量与性能的平衡.本文首先详细介绍了SMR和IMR的技术原理和磁盘类型，并量化分析了影响设备I/O性能的关键问题.然后，重点介绍了设备级优化方案，分析并总结了不同策略的优缺点与优化目标.接着，概述了面向设备的系统级和应用级设计方案，如文件系统、独立磁盘阵列技术和数据库等.最后讨论了在未来优化SMR磁盘和IMR磁盘性能可能的研究方向.

Abstract

In the digital age

the generation and accumulation of massive amounts of data are exploding

driving the demand for storage capacity sharply. Conventional magnetic recording disks (CMR) are considered the preferred solution for massive data storage due to their high capacity and low cost. However

the presence of the superparamagnetic effect (SPE) limits further improvements in CMR disk density. To overcome this limitation

shingled magnetic recording (SMR) technology was developed. Based on the conventional hard disc architecture

this technology dramatically increases disk areal density by overlapping tracks. However

SMR disks produce unpredictable write amplification effects when performing random writes

which can severely impact I/O performance. To solve this problem

the industry then proposed interlaced magnetic recording (IMR) technology

which uses an optimized track layout and heat-assisted magnetic recording technology to effectively balance storage capacity and performance. In this paper

we first introduce the technical principles

disk types

and applications of SMR and IMR in detail

and quantitatively analyzes the write interference problem that affects their I/O performance. It then focuses on solutions to optimize their I/O performance at the device level

analyzing and summarizing the advantages

disadvantages

and optimization objectives of different strategies in each type of solution. An overview of device-oriented system-level and application-level optimization solutions

such as file systems

redundant array of independent disk (RAID) technologies

and databases

is then provided. Finally

possible research directions for optimizing the performance of SMR and IMR disks in the future are discussed.

关键词

Keywords

references

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