论回旋电子与涡旋电磁波量子：内禀和外部轨道角动量

王哲远; 张超

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20240455

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论回旋电子与涡旋电磁波量子：内禀和外部轨道角动量

学术论文 | 更新时间：2025-07-24

- 论回旋电子与涡旋电磁波量子：内禀和外部轨道角动量
- The Vortex Electron and Vortex Microwave Photon: The Intrinsic and Extrinsic Orbital Angular Momentum
- 电子学报 2025年53卷第4期页码：1174-1181
- 作者机构：
  
  清华大学航天航空学院航空宇航电子系统实验室，北京 100084
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "王哲远男，1995年生，山西临汾人.清华大学航天航空学院博士研究生.研究方向为电磁波轨道角动量传输与探测、涡旋微波量子.E-mail: wangzhey21@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn" ]
  [ "张超男，1978年生，陕西城固人.清华大学航天航空学院教授、博士生导师.2005年获清华大学工学博士学位，2006年获日本国家信息学研究所（NII）信息学博士学位.IET会士（IET Fellow）、IEEE高级会员、IEICE高级会员.主要研究方向为涡旋电磁波轨道角动量传输与探测、涡旋微波量子、航空宇航电子系统.E-mail: zhangchao@tsinghua.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(62250070)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20240455
  中图分类号： TN14;
- 收稿：2024-05-16，
  
  修回：2025-01-19，
  
  纸质出版：2025-04-25
- 稿件说明：
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王哲远, 张超. 论回旋电子与涡旋电磁波量子：内禀和外部轨道角动量[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(04): 1174-1181.

WANG Zhe-yuan, ZHANG Chao. The Vortex Electron and Vortex Microwave Photon: The Intrinsic and Extrinsic Orbital Angular Momentum[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(04): 1174-1181.
王哲远, 张超. 论回旋电子与涡旋电磁波量子：内禀和外部轨道角动量[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(04): 1174-1181. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20240455

WANG Zhe-yuan, ZHANG Chao. The Vortex Electron and Vortex Microwave Photon: The Intrinsic and Extrinsic Orbital Angular Momentum[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(04): 1174-1181. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20240455

摘要

回旋电子辐射涡旋电磁波量子的理论模型是量子态涡旋电磁波技术的关键.本文是“论回旋电子与涡旋电磁波量子”的一部分，建立“内禀和外部轨道角动量”相关理论模型.单个电子或电磁波量子可具有涡旋特征，并且它们由所携带的内禀轨道角动量决定.为了分析单电子能级跃迁辐射中内禀轨道角动量的传递，本文在自由空间和磁场的不同场景中理论计算了单个电子波包内禀轨道角动量的本征值，表明内禀轨道角动量仅由电子波包自身决定，但是外部轨道角动量受坐标系影响.内禀轨道角动量中的量子数改变时，应当表现为电子波包的膨胀或紧缩.本文还给出了电磁波量子在自由空间中的内禀轨道角动量和扭曲光纤中外部轨道角动量表达式，根据是否携带内禀轨道角动量，大量电磁波量子构成量子态轨道角动量电磁波和统计态轨道角动量电磁波.

Abstract

The theoretical model of cyclotron electron to radiate vortex electromagnetic wave photons is crucial for the technology of quantum state vortex electromagnetic wave. This paper is the part of “The Vortex Electron and Vortex electromagnetic wave Photon”

which establishes the theoretical model related to the “The Intrinsic and Extrinsic Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM)”. Single electron or electromagnetic wave photon can form vortices and are determined by their intrinsic OAM. Aiming to analyze the intrinsic OAM of a single electron transferring in the energy level transition radiation

the eigenvalues of the intrinsic OAM are calculated theoretically in different scenarios of free space and magnetic field in this paper. The results show that the intrinsic OAM is only determined by the electron wave packet

while the extrinsic OAM is affected by the choice of coordinate system. When the quantum number in the intrinsic OAM is changed

the physical variation is the expansion or contraction of the electron wave packet. This paper also gives expressions for the intrinsic OAM of electromagnetic wave photons in free space and the extrinsic OAM in twisted optical fiber. Depending on the presence of the intrinsic OAM

a mass of electromagnetic wave photons can constitute a quantum state OAM electromagnetic wave and a statistical state OAM electromagnetic wave.

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references

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