毫米波大规模阵列的精确角度估计方法
An Accurate DOA Estimation Method for mmWave Large-Scale Antenna Arrays
- 电子学报 2025年53卷第5期 页码：1423-1435
- 作者机构：
1.中国科学院大学网络空间安全学院，北京100085
2.军工保密资格审查认证中心，北京100089
3.北京航空航天大学无人系统研究院，北京 100191
4.北京理工大学信息与电子学院，北京 100081
5.北京理工大学网络空间安全学院，北京 100081
6.中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所，山东青岛 266107
- 作者简介：
[ "尹鹏 男，1989年11月生.军工保密资格审查认证中心副研究员，中国科学院信息工程研究所博士研究生.主要研究方向为网络和电磁空间安全. E-mail: pedro_yin@163.com" ]
[ "刘德康 男，1990年12月生.北京航空航天大学无人系统研究院副研究员.主要研究方向为无线信号处理. E-mail: liudekang@buaa.edu.cn" ]
[ "郑晨 男，1988年12月生.2021年毕业于北京理工大学信息与电子学院.主要研究方向为阵列信号处理. E-mail: zhengchen_bit@126.com" ]
[ "丁旭辉 男，1991年10月生.现为北京理工大学网络空间安全学院助理教授、博士生导师.获中国通信学会科学技术奖二等奖.在国内外发表学术论文30余篇.主要研究方向为空天高安全通信. E-mail: dingxuhui@bit.edu.cn" ]
[ "范星宇 男，1985年8月生.2014年毕业于北京理工大学通信与信息系统专业.现为军工保密资格审查认证中心高级工程师.主要研究方向为电磁安全监测与防护、通信系统设计和通信信号处理. E-mail: william_fan@aliyun.com" ]
[ "郭兰图 男，1982年6月生.中国电波传播研究所正高级工程师.主要研究方向为电波传播与电磁频谱管理. E-mail: guolantu@163.com" ]
- 基金信息：
DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20240661
中图分类号： TN91;收稿：2024-07-15，
修回：2025-01-09，
纸质出版：2025-05-25
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
尹鹏, 刘德康, 郑晨, 等. 毫米波大规模阵列的精确角度估计方法[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(05): 1423-1435.
YIN Peng, LIU De-kang, ZHENG Chen, et al. An Accurate DOA Estimation Method for mmWave Large-Scale Antenna Arrays[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(05): 1423-1435.
尹鹏, 刘德康, 郑晨, 等. 毫米波大规模阵列的精确角度估计方法[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(05): 1423-1435. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20240661
YIN Peng, LIU De-kang, ZHENG Chen, et al. An Accurate DOA Estimation Method for mmWave Large-Scale Antenna Arrays[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(05): 1423-1435. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20240661
摘要
波达角（Direction Of Arrival，DOA）高精度估计对于应用毫米波大规模阵列实现多用户高速通信意义重大.针对宽带效应恶化接收信号质量、混合结构引起信号维度下降、多用户角度估计计算复杂度高等问题，本文提出了一种基于宽带信号相位测量的高精度DOA估计方法.首先，建立了基于混合结构的毫米波大规模阵列系统模型和宽带接收信号模型，论证了宽带效应的影响.其次，推导了DOA估计的克拉美-罗下界（Cramer-Rao Lower Bound，CRLB），并基于最小化CRLB提出了一种满足恒模约束的最优模拟矩阵设计方法.随后，针对单用户场景，提出了一种基于相位测量的无网格渐进CRLB高精度DOA估计方法.最后，针对多用户场景，提出了利用期望最大化（Expectation Maximization，EM）方法的迭代DOA估计算法，避免了联合估计导致的维度灾难，降低了计算复杂度.仿真结果显示，在信噪比超过5 dB时，所提单用户、多用户估计算法能够渐进达到CRLB，DOA估计性能超越传统估计方法，验证了本文所提算法的有效性，避免了宽带效应和信号降维的影响.
Abstract
High-precision direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is of great significance for multi-user high-speed communication using millimeter-wave large-scale arrays. To deal with the issues of degraded received signal quality due to wideband effects
reduced signal dimension caused by hybrid structures
and high computational complexity required in multi-user angle estimation
this paper proposes a high-precision DOA estimation method based on wideband signal phase measurement. Firstly
this paper establishes a system model and wideband received signal model for millimeter-wave large-scale arrays with a hybrid structure
and demonstrates the impact of wideband effects. Secondly
this paper derives the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for DOA estimation and proposes an optimal training sequence design method that satisfies constant modulus constraints by minimizing CRLB. Subsequently
for single-user scenarios
this paper proposes a gridless high-precision DOA estimation method based on phase measurement reaching CRLB progressively. For multi-user scenarios
an iterative DOA estimation algorithm using the expectation maximization (EM) method is proposed on the basis of single-user DOA estimation to avoid dimension disaster caused by joint estimation and reduce computational complexity. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. When the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) exceeds 5 dB
the single-user and multi-user estimation algorithms proposed in this paper can progressively achieve CRLB
and the DOA estimation performance surpasses traditional estimation methods
avoiding the impact of wideband effects and signal dimension reduction.
关键词
Keywords
references
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