超轻量级分组密码LiCi、LiCi-2和GRANULE的完美线性逼近

严智广; 李灵琛; 韦永壮

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20240838

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

超轻量级分组密码LiCi、LiCi-2和GRANULE的完美线性逼近

学术论文 | 更新时间：2025-08-18

- 超轻量级分组密码LiCi、LiCi-2和GRANULE的完美线性逼近
- Perfect Linear Approximation of Ultra-Lightweight Block Ciphers LiCi, LiCi-2 and GRANULE
- 电子学报 2025年53卷第5期页码：1453-1459
- 作者机构：
  
  桂林电子科技大学广西密码学与信息安全重点实验室，广西桂林 541004
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "严智广男，1999年11月出生于江西省上饶市.现为桂林电子科技大学计算机与信息安全学院博士研究生.主要研究方向为对称密码算法设计与分析、网络空间安全.E-mail: zhiguang_yan@163.com" ]
  [ "李灵琛女，1988年2月出生于广西壮族自治区桂林市.现为桂林电子科技大学计算机与信息安全学院讲师.主要研究方向为分组密码算法设计与分析.E-mail: lilingchen601@126.com" ]
  [ "韦永壮男，1976年12月出生于广西壮族自治区百色市.现为广西密码学与信息安全重点实验室主任，桂林电子科技大学计算机与信息安全学院教授，博士生导师，中国密码学会理事.主要研究方向为密码函数、对称密码算法设计与分析.E-mail: walker_wyz@guet.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(62162016;62402132)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20240838
  中图分类号： TN918;TP309.7
- 收稿：2024-09-12，
  
  修回：2025-04-16，
  
  纸质出版：2025-05-25
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
严智广, 李灵琛, 韦永壮. 超轻量级分组密码LiCi、LiCi-2和GRANULE的完美线性逼近[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(05): 1453-1459.

YAN Zhi-guang, LI Ling-chen, WEI Yong-zhuang. Perfect Linear Approximation of Ultra-Lightweight Block Ciphers LiCi, LiCi-2 and GRANULE[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(05): 1453-1459.
严智广, 李灵琛, 韦永壮. 超轻量级分组密码LiCi、LiCi-2和GRANULE的完美线性逼近[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(05): 1453-1459. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20240838

YAN Zhi-guang, LI Ling-chen, WEI Yong-zhuang. Perfect Linear Approximation of Ultra-Lightweight Block Ciphers LiCi, LiCi-2 and GRANULE[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(05): 1453-1459. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20240838

摘要

LiCi、LiCi-2和GRANULE密码算法均为面向资源极端受限物联网环境的超轻量级分组密码算法，其加、解密速度快且易于软硬件实现，目前备受业界广泛关注. 本文通过利用这些算法的线性结构特性，构造了多条绝对相关性为1的迭代（循环）完美线性逼近，并由此设计出全轮的完美线性逼近（线性区分器），进而完全攻破了这些密码算法，即证实了全轮的LiCi、LiCi-2和GRANULE密码算法存在严重的设计缺陷.

Abstract

LiCi

LiCi-2

and GRANULE are all ultra-lightweight block ciphers designed for resource-constrained internet of things environments. Because of their fast encryption (or decryption) speed and favorable implementation in both hardware and software platforms

which have received extensive attention. In this paper

the linear structure characteristics of these ciphers are investigated via multiple perfect linear approximations (circular iterations) with an absolute correlation of 1. Moreover

the perfect linear approximations (linear distinguishers with probability one) for the full rounds of the LiCi

LiCi-2

and GRANULE are achieved

thereby completely breaking these cryptographic algorithms. It directly means that these block ciphers have serious design flaws.

关键词

Keywords

references

武传坤 . 物联网安全技术专栏序言(中英文) [J ] . 密码学报 , 2020 , 7 ( 1 ): 83 - 86 .

WU C K . Preface of security techniques in internet of things column [J ] . Journal of Cryptologic Research , 2020 , 7 ( 1 ): 83 - 86 . (in Chinese)

DAEMEN J , RIJMEN V . The Design of Rijndael: Aes-the Advanced Encryption Standard [M ] . Berlin : Springer , 2020 .

WU W L , Zhang L . LBlock: A lightweight block cipher [C ] // Applied Cryptography and Network Security: 9th International Conference (ACNS 2011) . Berlin : Springer , 2011 : 327 - 344 .

BOGDANOV A , KNUDSEN L R , LEANDER G , et al . PRESENT: An ultra-lightweight block cipher [C ] // Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems: 9th International Workshop (CHES 2007) . Berlin : Springer , 2007 : 450 - 466 .

BEAULIEU R , SHORS D , SMITH J , et al . The SIMON and SPECK lightweight block ciphers [C ] // Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Design Automation Conference . New York : ACM 2015 : 1 - 6 .

GUO J , PEYRIN T , POSCHMANN A , et al . The LED block cipher [C ] // Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems: 13th International Workshop (CHES 2011) . Berlin : Springer , 2011 : 326 - 341 .

PATIL J , BANSOD G , KANT K S . LiCi: A new ultra-lightweight block cipher [C ] // Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Emerging Trends & Innovation in ICT (ICEI 2017) . Piscataway : IEEE , 2017 : 40 - 45 .

KHAIRNAR S , BANSOD G , DAHIPHALE V . A light weight cryptographic solution for 6LoWPAN protocol stack [C ] // Proceedings of the 2018 Computing Conference: Intelligent Computing (SAI 2018 ), Volume 2 . Cham : Springer , 2019: 977 - 994 .

BANSOD G , PATIL A , PISHAROTY N . GRANULE: An ultra lightweight cipher design for embedded security [J/OL ] . ( 2018-06-18 )[ 2024-07-15 ] . https://eprint.iacr.org/20 18/600 https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/600 .

MATSUI M . Linear cryptanalysis method for DES cip-her [C ] // Advances in Cryptology: Workshop on the Theory and Application of Cryptographic Techniques (EUROCRYPT 1993) . Berlin : Springer , 1993 : 386 - 397 .

BIHAM E , SHAMIR A . Differential cryptanalysis of DES-like cryptosystems [J ] . Journal of Cryptology , 1991 , 4 : 3 - 72 .

HU Y , ZHANG Y , XIAO G . Integral cryptanalysis of SAF-ER [J ] . Electronic Letters , 1999 , 35 ( 17 ): 1458 - 1459 .

BIHAM E , BIRYUKOV A , SHAMIR A . Cryptanalysis of Skipjack reduced to 31 rounds using impossible differen-tials [C ] // Advances in Cryptology: International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptographic Techniqu-es (EUROCRYPT 1999) . Berlin : Springer , 1999 : 12 - 23 .

BOURA C , David N , Derbez P , et al . Differential meet-in-the-middle cryptanalysis [C ] // Advances in Cryptology: 43rd Annual International Cryptology Conference (CRYP-TO 2023) . Cham : Springer , 2023 : 240 - 272 .

SONG Ling , YANG Qianqian , et al . Probabilistic extensions: A one-step framework for finding rectangle attacks and beyond [C ] // Advances in Cryptology: 43rd Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques (EUROCRYPT 2024) . Cham : Springer , 2024 : 339 - 367 .

马猛 , 赵亚群 . 简化版Trivium算法的线性逼近研究 [J ] . 通信学报 , 2016 , 37 ( 6 ): 185 - 191 .

MA M , ZHAO Y Q . Research on linear approximations of simplified trivium [J ] . Journal on Communications , 2016 , 37 ( 6 ): 185 - 191 . (in Chinese)

李灵琛 , 吴文玲 , 汪艳凤 . 多维零相关线性分析模型的改进及在23轮LBlock-s算法中的应用 [J ] . 计算机学报 , 2017 , 40 ( 5 ): 1192 - 1202 .

LI L C , WU W L , WANG Y F . Improved multidimensional zero-correlation linear cryptanalysis and applications to 23-round LBlocks [J ] . Chinese Journal of Computers , 2017 , 40 ( 5 ): 1192 - 1202 . (in Chinese)

WEI T , YE T , WU W , et al . Generalized nonlinear invariant attack and a new design criterion for round constants [J ] . IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology , 2018 : 62 - 79 .

YE T , WEI Y Z , MEIER W . A new cube attack on MORUS by using division property [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Computers , 2019 , 68 ( 12 ): 1731 - 1740 .

BEIERLE C , FELKE P , LEANDER G , et al . On perfect linear approximations and differentials over two-round SP-Ns [C ] // Advances in Cryptology: 43rd Annual International Cryptology Conference (CRYPTO 2023) . Cham : Springer , 2023 : 209 - 239 .

韦永壮 , 史佳利 , 李灵琛 . LiCi分组密码算法的不可能差分分析 [J ] . 电子与信息学报 , 2019 , 41 ( 7 ): 1610 - 1617 .

WEI Y Z , SHI J L , LI L C . Impossible differential cryptanalysis of LiCi Block cipher [J ] . Journal of Electronics & Information Technology , 2019 , 41 ( 7 ): 1610 - 1617 . (in Chinese)

信文倩 , 孙兵 , 李超 . LiCi算法的基于比特积分攻击 [J ] . 计算机工程 , 2020 , 46 ( 7 ): 136 - 142 .

XIN W Q , SUN B , LI C . Bit-based integral attack on LiCi algorithm [J ] . Computer Engineering , 2020 , 46 ( 7 ): 136 - 142 . (in Chinese)

王红艳 , 韦永壮 , 刘文芬 . ANU, ANU-Ⅱ和LiCi算法的积分区分器搜索 [J ] . 小型微型计算机系统 , 2020 , 41 ( 7 ): 1470 - 1475 .

WANG H Y , WEI Y Z , LIU W F . Integral distinguisher search of ANU,ANU-II and LiCi block ciphers [J ] . Journal of Chinese Computer Systems , 2020 , 41 ( 7 ): 1470 - 1475 . (in Chinese)

ZHANG K , LAI X J , WANG L , et al . Related-key multiple impossible differential cryptanalysis on full-round LiCi-2 designed for IoT [J ] . Security and Communication Networks , 2022 , 2022 : 3611840 .

石淑英 , 何骏 . GRANULE算法的不可能差分分析 [J ] . 计算机工程 , 2019 , 45 ( 10 ): 134 - 138 .

SHI S Y , HE J . Impossible differential cryptanalysis of GRANULE algorithm [J ] . Computer Engineering , 2019 , 45 ( 10 ): 134 - 138 . (in Chinese)

方玉颖 , 徐洪 . 轻量分组密码GRANULE的积分特征自动化搜索 [J ] . 信息工程大学学报 , 2019 , 20 ( 3 ): 346 - 349 .

FANG Y Y , XU H . Automatic search of integral characteristics of lightweight block cipher GRANULE [J ] . Journal of Information Engineering University , 2019 , 20 ( 3 ): 346 - 349 . (in Chinese)

武小年 , 李迎新 , 韦永壮 , 等 . GRANULE和MANTRA算法的不可能差分区分器分析 [J ] . 通信学报 , 2020 , 41 ( 1 ): 94 - 101 .

WU X N , LI Y X , WEI Y Z , et al . Impossible differential distinguisher analysis of GRANULE and MANTRA algorithm [J ] . Journal on Communications , 2020 , 41 ( 1 ): 94 - 101 . (in Chinese)

LI J , WANG H Y , QIU X Y , et al . Integral analysis of GRANULE and ESF block ciphers based on MILP [C ] // 12th International Conference on Information and Communication Systems (ICICS 2021) . IEEE , 2021 : 10 - 16 .

赵晨曦 . 轻量级分组密码的不可能差分分析 [D ] . 西安 : 西安电子科技大学 , 2021 .

ZHAO C X . Impossible Difference Analysis of Lightweight Block Cipher [D ] . Xi'an : Xidian University , 2021 . (in Chinese)

刘先蓓 , 刘亚 . GRANULE算法的截断不可能差分分析 [J ] . 山西师范大学学报(自然科学版) , 2023 , 37 ( 1 ): 41 - 51 .

LIU X B , LIU Y . Truncated impossible differential cryptanalysis of GRANULE [J ] . Journal of Shanxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition) , 2023 , 37 ( 1 ): 41 - 51 . (in Chinese)

武小年 , 匡晶 , 张润莲 , 等 . 基于SAT的GRANULE算法不可能差分分析 [J ] . 计算机应用 , 2024 , 44 ( 3 ): 797 - 804 .

WU X N , KUANG J , ZHANG R L , et al . SAT-based impossible differential cryptanalysis of GRANULE cipher [J ] . Journal of Computer Applications , 2024 , 44 ( 3 ): 797 - 804 . (in Chinese)

浏览量

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

广义类CLEFIA动态密码结构抵抗差分和线性密码分析的安全性评估

韩国加密标准的安全性分析

CS-CIPHER两个变体的线性密码分析