基于分片技术的区块链可扩展性研究综述

蒋凌云; 杨京霖; 马鹏程; 叶飞; 徐佳; 刘婷婷

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20241117

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基于分片技术的区块链可扩展性研究综述

综述评论 | 更新时间：2025-12-10

- 基于分片技术的区块链可扩展性研究综述
- Research on Scalability of Blockchain Based on Sharding: A Survey
- 电子学报 2025年53卷第7期页码：2579-2600
- 作者机构：
  
  南京邮电大学计算机学院、软件学院、网络空间安全学院，江苏南京 210003
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "蒋凌云女，1978年4月出生于湖南省永州市.现为南京邮电大学副教授、硕士生导师.主要研究方向为区块链、信息网络与智能信息处理.E-mail: jianglingyun@njupt.edu.cn" ]
  [ "杨京霖男，2001年9月出生于山东省临沂市.现为南京邮电大学硕士.主要研究方向为区块链.E-mail: 15106603428@163.com" ]
  [ "马鹏程男，2002年1月出生于江苏省泰州市.现为南京邮电大学硕士.主要研究方向为区块链.E-mail: 1500217687@qq.com" ]
  [ "叶飞男，1998年12月出生于江苏省宿迁市.主要研究方向为区块链.E-mail: 1006537138@qq.com" ]
  [ "徐佳男，1980年10月出生于江苏省常州市.现为南京邮电大学教授，博士生导师.主要研究方向为无线充电网络、智能信息处理.中国电子学会会员编号：E190011107M.E-mail: xujia@njupt.edu.cn" ]
  [ "刘婷婷女，1982年10月出生于江苏省淮安市.现为南京邮电大学教授、硕士生导师.主要研究方向为多模态机器学习、近似理论、博弈论、优化理论、排队理论、网络资源管理等.E-mail: liutt@njupt.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(62372250;62171217);南京邮电大学引进人才科研启动基金（自然科学）(NY223169)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20241117
  中图分类号： TP391;
- 收稿：2024-12-12，
  
  修回：2025-05-06，
  
  纸质出版：2025-07-25
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
蒋凌云, 杨京霖, 马鹏程, 等. 基于分片技术的区块链可扩展性研究综述[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(07): 2579-2600.

JIANG Ling-yun, YANG Jing-lin, MA Peng-cheng, et al. Research on Scalability of Blockchain Based on Sharding: A Survey[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(07): 2579-2600.
蒋凌云, 杨京霖, 马鹏程, 等. 基于分片技术的区块链可扩展性研究综述[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(07): 2579-2600. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20241117

JIANG Ling-yun, YANG Jing-lin, MA Peng-cheng, et al. Research on Scalability of Blockchain Based on Sharding: A Survey[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(07): 2579-2600. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20241117

摘要

区块链存在资源消耗大、吞吐量低等问题，严重影响区块链技术的落地应用.分片技术为解决区块链可扩展性问题提供了可行的方案.本文首先结合区块链逻辑结构对不同层级的区块链可扩展性方案进行总结.然后从分片结构层次、系统运行流程、研究问题、功能组件4个不同的角度对分片区块链进行概述.本文将分片区块链的设计分为9个功能组件，在此基础上，从功能组件视角总结了分片区块链的研究现状，详细地介绍了典型的分片方案.最后，从安全、性能以及均衡性角度讨论了分片技术当前所面临的挑战，并对未来研究进行了展望.

Abstract

The blockchain has some scalability issues such as high-resource consumption and low-level throughput

which seriously affects the application of blockchain technology. Sharding technology provides a feasible solution to the scalability issues of blockchain. In this paper

the various scalability solutions based on logic architecture of blockchain are introduced firstly

then

the sharding technology is summarized from four aspects: sharding hierarchy

system operation

key problems

and functional components. The design of sharding blockchain is decomposed into nine functional components

on this basis

the existing works of sharding blockchain are analyzed from the perspective of functional components

and the details of these typical sharding solutions are presented. Finally

the current research challenges faced by sharding technology are discussed from the perspectives of security

performance

and balance. Also

the future research directions of development process and simulation are provided.

关键词

Keywords

references

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