基于天基光雷图像融合的空间目标瞬时状态参数估计方法

李微微; 姜义成; 张云

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20250380

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基于天基光雷图像融合的空间目标瞬时状态参数估计方法

学术论文 | 更新时间：2025-12-27

- 基于天基光雷图像融合的空间目标瞬时状态参数估计方法
- Instantaneous State Parameters Estimation of Space Targets Based on Spaceborne Optical-and-Radar Image Fusion
- 电子学报 2025年53卷第8期页码：2624-2635
- 作者机构：
  
  哈尔滨工业大学电子与信息工程学院，黑龙江哈尔滨150001
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "李微微女，2001年2月出生于黑龙江省哈尔滨市.现为哈尔滨工业大学博士研究生.主要研究方向为雷达图像处理及多传感器融合.E-mail: 25b305019@stu.hit.edu.cn" ]
  [ "姜义成男，1964年11月出生于黑龙江省哈尔滨市.现为哈尔滨工业大学教授、博士生导师.主要研究方向为雷达信号处理.E-mail: jiangyc@hit.edu.cn" ]
  [ "张云女，1975年11月出生于黑龙江省虎林市.现为哈尔滨工业大学教授、博士生导师.主要研究方向为雷达信号处理、SAR成像、机器学习和遥感模式分析.E-mail: zhangyunhit@hit.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(62401183;61971163)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250380
  中图分类号： TP751
- 收稿：2025-05-14，
  
  录用：2025-08-13，
  
  纸质出版：2025-08-25
- 稿件说明：
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李微微, 姜义成, 张云. 基于天基光雷图像融合的空间目标瞬时状态参数估计方法[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(08): 2624-2635.

LI Wei-wei, JIANG Yi-cheng, ZHANG Yun. Instantaneous State Parameters Estimation of Space Targets Based on Spaceborne Optical-and-Radar Image Fusion[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(08): 2624-2635.
李微微, 姜义成, 张云. 基于天基光雷图像融合的空间目标瞬时状态参数估计方法[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(08): 2624-2635. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250380

LI Wei-wei, JIANG Yi-cheng, ZHANG Yun. Instantaneous State Parameters Estimation of Space Targets Based on Spaceborne Optical-and-Radar Image Fusion[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(08): 2624-2635. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250380

摘要

太空环境的日益复杂使得对空间目标进行瞬时参数估计及威胁评估成为了空间态势感知领域的研究热点.目前空间目标成像监视主要由地基雷达或天基光学单一传感器完成，存在观测视角单一、时效性不足、目标状态参数难以估计等问题.为此本文首先构建了天基逆合成孔径雷达（Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar，ISAR）与光学相机成像融合模型，推导出空间目标在光学及ISAR成像平面上的几何投影与瞬时姿态、动力学参数之间的关系表达式.在此基础上，基于鲸鱼迁徙优化算法（Whale Migration Algorithm，WMA）提出了天基光学图像与雷达ISAR图像融合的空间目标瞬时状态参数估计方法，最后利用融合估计得到等效旋转角速度和角加速度，实现空间目标几何定标及异动判断.本文所提方法将光雷融合应用于天基空间目标成像感知领域，不仅不受传统地基观测方法对观测范围的限制，同时也避免了天基单传感器单一观测视角的局限性，可适用于具有复杂运动的空间目标的瞬时状态参数估计.仿真实验结果表明所提方法可准确估计空间目标瞬时状态参数，从而有效实现ISAR图像方位几何定标及空间目标异动判断.

Abstract

The increasing complexity of the space environment has made threat assessment and instantaneous parameter estimation of space objects a research hotspot in the field of space situational awareness (SSA). Current monitoring methods predominantly rely on ground-based radar or space-based optical single sensor

and there are drawbacks such as unidimensional observation angle

insufficient timeliness

and difficulty in estimating target state parameters. To address these issues

this paper first establishes a unified imaging model for spaceborne inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) and optical cameras. The equations correlating the geometric projections of space targets on optical and ISAR imaging planes with their instantaneous attitude and dynamic parameters are derived. Then

based on the whale migration algorithm (WMA)

a space target instantaneous state parameter method by fusing spaceborne optical-and-radar images is proposed. Finally

the equivalent rotational angular velocity and angular acceleration

obtained from the fusion estimation

are used to realize the geometric calibration and anomalies detection. The method proposed in this paper applies spaceborne optical and radar fusion to space targets imaging and perception field. It overcomes the constraints of traditional ground-based observation methods on observation range as well as the limitation of spaceborne single-sensor observation angle

suitable for instantaneous state parameter estimation of most space targets with complex motions. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method accurately estimates the instantaneous state parameters of space targets

thereby enabling effective geometric calibration of ISAR images and detection of anomalous motions in space objects.

关键词

Keywords

references

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