区块链赋能可信数据空间安全的研究进展

尚思远; 杜学绘; 刘敖迪; 王潇涵; 吴翔宇; 王娜

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20250617

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区块链赋能可信数据空间安全的研究进展

综述评论 | 更新时间：2026-04-24

- 区块链赋能可信数据空间安全的研究进展
- Research Progress on Blockchain-Enabled Trusted Data Space Security
- 电子学报 2025年53卷第12期页码：4833-4858
- 作者机构：
  
  1.信息工程大学密码工程学院，河南郑州 450001
  2.河南省信息安全重点实验室，河南郑州 450001
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "尚思远男，2000年12月出生于黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市.现为信息工程大学博士研究生.主要研究方向为区块链安全共享.E-mail: a525435400@163.com" ]
  [ "杜学绘女，1968年11月出生于河南省新乡市.现为信息工程大学教授.主要研究方向为网络信息安全.E-mail: dxh37139@163.com" ]
  [ "刘敖迪男，1992年4月出生于黑龙江省伊春市.现为信息工程大学讲师.主要研究方向为区块链安全.E-mail: ladyexue@163.com" ]
  [ "王潇涵男，2000年12月出生于河南省郑州市.现为信息工程大学博士研究生.主要研究方向为大数据安全.E-mail: wang523648@163.com" ]
  [ "吴翔宇男，1997年11月出生于安徽合肥市.现为信息工程大学博士研究生.主要研究方向为区块链安全.E-mail: 1378406814@mail.nwpu.edu.cn" ]
  [ "王娜女，1980年4月出生于山西省运城市.现为信息工程大学教授.主要研究方向为大数据安全.E-mail: twftina_w@126.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(62102449);河南省科技攻关项目(252102211080)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250617
  中图分类号： TP309;
- 收稿：2025-07-11，
  
  录用：2025-12-19，
  
  纸质出版：2025-12-25
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
尚思远, 杜学绘, 刘敖迪, 等. 区块链赋能可信数据空间安全的研究进展[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(12): 4833-4858.

SHANG Si-yuan, DU Xue-hui, LIU Ao-di, et al. Research Progress on Blockchain-Enabled Trusted Data Space Security[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(12): 4833-4858.
尚思远, 杜学绘, 刘敖迪, 等. 区块链赋能可信数据空间安全的研究进展[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(12): 4833-4858. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250617

SHANG Si-yuan, DU Xue-hui, LIU Ao-di, et al. Research Progress on Blockchain-Enabled Trusted Data Space Security[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(12): 4833-4858. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250617

摘要

随着可信数据空间发展行动计划的提出，促进数据要素的交易与流通，解决大数据产业“数据孤岛”式困境，已经上升至国家战略高度.区块链技术作为一种融合多种现有技术的分布式计算和存储范式，能够通过其不可篡改、去中心化、可溯源等优良特性，为数据可信管理提供有力支撑.其不同于传统数据库的数据存储，而是通过不可篡改的数据结构与多方共识的信任机制为数据提供者与数据使用者建立信任纽带.如何将区块链技术优势应用于可信数据空间安全建设，为国家打造可信数据空间的战略目标提供有力支撑，已成为亟需解决的问题.目前，国内外已经有许多学者对区块链技术进行综述总结，包括具体技术组成，如共识机制、智能合约、网络拓扑等；具体领域应用，如信息安全、系统防护、数据管理等；以及对区块链的技术增强，如分片、跨链、隐私保护等.然而，仍缺少区块链技术赋能可信数据空间安全的体系化综述研究.基于此，本文从学术视角对区块链赋能可信数据空间安全研究进行综述分析.首先，对可信数据空间基础架构与技术需求进行分析，从数据全生命周期角度提炼可信数据空间所面临的安全问题及挑战，提出一种贯穿数据获取、数据验证、数据共享、数据溯源环节的基于区块链的可信数据空间安全技术框架.随后，将区块链技术与各类主流安全机制结合，从数据可信获取、数据合规验证、数据安全共享、数据联合溯源四个方面，系统梳理归纳区块链赋能可信数据空间安全的研究进展.最后，对区块链赋能可信数据空间安全的发展趋势进行总结与展望，根据可信数据空间作为数据基础设施的基本需求，整理了不同数据流转阶段现有研究的优势和不足.当前还需在链上数据检索、数据权属保护、数据法规落实等方面实现进一步技术突破，从而保障可信数据空间可信管控、资源交互、价值共创等核心能力，促进基于区块链的可信数据空间安全建设与技术发展.

Abstract

With the ’release of the action plan for trusted data spaces

promoting the trading and circulation of data elements and addressing “data silos” has become a national strategic priority. Blockchain

as a distributed computing and storage paradigm

provides immutability

decentralization

and traceability to support trusted data management. Unlike traditional databases

it uses immutable data structures and multi‑party consensus to build trust between data providers and users. An urgent priority is to harness these advantages to strengthen trusted data space security. Currently

numerous domestic and international reviews have surveyed blockchain’s foundational technologies (e.g.

consensus mechanisms

smart contracts

network topology)

application areas (e.g.

information security

system protection

data management)

and technical enhancements (e.g.

sharding

cross-chain

privacy protection). However

a systematic review of how blockchain enables trusted data space security remains lacking. Based on this

this paper offers a comprehensive academic review of blockchain‑enabled trusted data space security. First

we analyze the core architecture and system requirements

identify security issues from a full-lifecycle perspective

and propose a blockchain-based security framework for data acquisition

validation

sharing

and provenance. Second

we integrate blockchain with mainstream security mechanisms and synthesize research progress across four domains: trusted acquisition

compliance verification

secure sharing

and federated provenance. Third

we survey development trends in blockchain-enabled trusted data space security. Grounded in the foundational requirements of trusted data spaces as data infrastructure

we evaluate the strengths and limitations of existing work across all stages of data circulation. Further breakthroughs are needed in on-chain data retrieval

data ownership protection

and the enforcement of data regulations to safeguard core capabilities

including trustworthy governance

resource interoperability

and value co-creation

and to advance the security architecture and technological development of blockchain-based trusted data spaces.

关键词

Keywords

references

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