6G（B5G）毫米波通信用高选择性低损耗小型化LTCC滤波器设计与测试方法
Design and Testing Method of A Miniaturized LTCC Filter with High-Selectivity and Low-Loss for 6G (B5G) Millimeter-Wave Communication
- 电子学报 2025年53卷第9期 页码：3223-3232
- 作者机构：
1.杭州电子科技大学电子信息学院，浙江杭州 310018
2.嘉兴佳利电子有限公司，浙江嘉兴 314003
- 作者简介：
[ "刘唤 女，1994年10月出生于河南省周口市.现为杭州电子科技大学博士后.主要研究方向为射频/毫米波滤波器、天线设计与集成、微波电介质材料设计与应用等领域.E-mail: huanliu66@hdu.edu.cn" ]
[ "宋开新 男，1977年9月出生于福建省南平市.现为杭州电子科技大学电子信息学院教授，博士生导师.主要研究方向为微波电介质材料与射频电子元器件、光电与储能材料等.中国电子学会会员编号：E190197668M.E-mail: kxsong@hdu.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：国家自然科学基金(52161145401);广西科技重大专项（No.桂科AA24263001）
DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250710
中图分类号： TN713.5;TN713.3收稿：2025-08-14，
录用：2025-09-24，
纸质出版：2025-09-25
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
刘唤, 李郴, 蔡捷玎, 等. 6G（B5G）毫米波通信用高选择性低损耗小型化LTCC滤波器设计与测试方法[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(09): 3223-3232.
LIU Huan, LI Chen, CAI Jie-ding, et al. Design and Testing Method of A Miniaturized LTCC Filter with High-Selectivity and Low-Loss for 6G (B5G) Millimeter-Wave Communication[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(09): 3223-3232.
刘唤, 李郴, 蔡捷玎, 等. 6G（B5G）毫米波通信用高选择性低损耗小型化LTCC滤波器设计与测试方法[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(09): 3223-3232. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250710
LIU Huan, LI Chen, CAI Jie-ding, et al. Design and Testing Method of A Miniaturized LTCC Filter with High-Selectivity and Low-Loss for 6G (B5G) Millimeter-Wave Communication[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(09): 3223-3232. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250710
摘要
随着第五代（5th Generation，5G）移动通信向第六代（6th Generation，6G或Beyond 5th Generation，B5G）移动通信毫米波频段演进，通信网络面临频谱重构与系统性能挑战.毫米波通信因具备带宽充足和高速率优势，已成为支撑高容量、低时延服务的关键技术.作为射频链路中的核心无源器件，带通滤波器承担通带信号选择与带外干扰抑制的重要功能.在高频高密度通信环境中，滤波器需兼顾频率复用、高集成度与紧凑封装，实现高选择性、低插入损耗与小型化的协同优化，这对结构设计与封装技术提出更高要求.低温共烧陶瓷（Low-Temperature Cofired Ceramics，LTCC）工艺因具备多层三维集成、高精度结构控制及优异介电性能，成为无源器件封装与集成的重要技术路径.基于LTCC工艺，本文提出了一种新型高选择性、低损耗且小型化的毫米波带通滤波器.该滤波器采用弯折式半波长与四分之一波长阶梯阻抗谐振器（Stepped Impedance Resonators，SIRs），并利用LTCC的多层集成优势有效减小其尺寸.为提高选择性，在部分交叉耦合拓扑的基础上引入额外交叉耦合路径，构建全向交叉耦合拓扑，并通过耦合矩阵综合和等效电路进行理论分析，实现通带附近形成三个传输零点.为降低损耗，滤波器选用低介电损耗的K7的LTCC材料，并通过金属化通孔侧壁构建屏蔽结构，以抑制表面波泄漏与寄生辐射.为验证滤波器设计方法的有效性，基于多层LTCC工艺，采用HFSS软件对工作于毫米波段的滤波器结构进行仿真和优化，并完成原型器件的制造和测试.测试结果表明：滤波器在中心频率28 GHz处的插入损耗仅为0.9 dB，通带内最小损耗低至0.61 dB；通带两侧边频滚降分别达到25.5 dB/GHz和10.47 dB/GHz，频率选择性显著增强.器件有效电路尺寸仅为1.44 mm × 1.0 mm（0.134
λ
0
× 0.093
λ
0
），实现毫米波频段下的小型化.针对毫米波表面贴装（Surface-Mount Technology，SMT）式LTCC滤波器测试中难以准确提取本征性能的问题，本文引入多线式通-反射-线（Multiline-Thru-Reflect-Line，MTRL）校准测试方法.通过在测试板上安装LTCC滤波器，并结合自制MTRL标准件，将其编辑为矢量网络分析仪校准算法文件，可有效消除互连过渡带来的系统误差，从而获得更加准确可靠的
S
参数测量结果.该方法为毫米波LTCC无源器件的性能评估提供了一种通用且有效的解决方案.综上，本文展示了一种6G（B5G）毫米波通信用LTCC滤波器，基于耦合矩阵综合和等效电路，详细阐述了滤波器的设计原理.该滤波器采用全向交叉耦合拓扑和弯折式半波长与四分之一波长SIRs谐振器设计，实现了小型化、低损耗和高选择，还通过引入MTRL测试方法解决了毫米波滤波器本征性能的提取难题.该研究为6G毫米波通信系统中的高性能无源器件开发提供了有益的技术参考.
Abstract
As fifth-generation (5G) mobile communications evolve toward sixth-generation (6G or B5G) millimeter-wave bands
communication networks face challenges of spectrum reconfiguration and system performance enhancement. Owing to its abundant bandwidth and high data rate
millimeter-wave communication has become a key technology to support high-capacity and low-latency services. As a core passive component in the RF front end
the band
pass filter plays a vital role in selecting in-band signals and suppressing out-of-band interference. In high-frequency and high-density communication environments
filters must balance frequency reuse
high integration
and compact packaging
achieving coordinated optimization of high selectivity
low insertion loss
and miniaturization
which places higher demands on structural design and packaging technologies. Low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology
featuring multilayer three-dimensional integration
precise structural control
and excellent dielectric properties
has become an important approach for passive device packaging and integration.Based on LTCC technology
this paper presents a novel millimeter-wave bandpass filter with high selectivity
low loss
and compact size. The proposed filter employs bent half-wavelength and quarter-wavelength stepped impedance resonators (SIRs)
and its size is effectively reduced by leveraging the multilayer integration capability of LTCC. To enhance selectivity
an omnidirectional cross-coupling topology is constructed by introducing additional cross-coupling paths on the basis of partial cross-coupling
and the design is theoretically analyzed through coupling matrix synthesis and equivalent circuit modeling
resulting in three transmission zeros near the passband. To minimize loss
a low-dielectric-loss K7 LTCC material is adopted
and metallized via sidewalls are employed to construct a shielding structure that suppresses surface-wave leakage and parasitic radiation.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed design method
a multilayer LTCC-based prototype operating in the millimeter-wave band was simulated and optimized using HFSS software
followed by fabrication and experimental verification. The measured results demonstrate that the filter exhibits an insertion loss of only 0.9 dB at the center frequency of 28 GHz
with a minimum in-band loss of 0.61 dB. The roll-off rates at both edges of the passband reach 25.5 dB/GHz and 10.47 dB/GHz
respectively
indicating significantly improved frequency selectivity. The effective circuit size of the device is only 1.44 mm × 1.0 mm (0.134
λ
0
× 0.093
λ
0
)
achieving compactness in the millimeter-wave band.To address the difficulty in accurately extracting the intrinsic performance of Surface-Mount Technology (SMT) LTCC filters during millimeter-wave testing
this paper introduces a multiline thru-reflect-line (MTRL) calibration method. By mounting the LTCC filter on a test board and combining it with self-fabricated MTRL standards
the method integrates calibration data into the vector network analyzer algorithm
effectively eliminating systematic errors caused by interconnection transitions. This approach provides a general and efficient solution for performance evaluation of millimeter-wave LTCC passive devices.In summary
this article presents an LTCC-based filter for 6G (B5G) millimeter-wave communication. The filter design is elaborated based on coupling matrix synthesis and equivalent circuit theory. Featuring an omnidirectional cross-coupling topology and bent half-/quarter-wavelength SIRs
the proposed filter achieves miniaturization
low loss
and high selectivity. Furthermore
by introducing the MTRL calibration technique
the intrinsic performance extraction problem of millimeter-wave filters is effectively addressed. This work offers valuable technical insight for the development of high-performance passive components in 6G millimeter-wave communication systems.
关键词
Keywords
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