高纬度低温海域潜航器腐蚀相关静态电场的分布特征研究

邱名杰; 胡明勇; 李禹宏; 刘逸群; 赵宏森; 孙嘉庆; 陈聪

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20250858

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高纬度低温海域潜航器腐蚀相关静态电场的分布特征研究

学术论文 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 高纬度低温海域潜航器腐蚀相关静态电场的分布特征研究
- Study on the Distribution Characteristics of Corrosion-Related Static Electric Field of Underwater Vehicles in High Latitude and Low Temperature Sea Area
- 电子学报 2026年54卷第2期页码：623-633
- 作者机构：
  
  中国人民解放军海军工程大学基础部，湖北武汉 430033
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "邱名杰男，1995年9月出生于海南省三亚市。现为中国人民解放军海军工程大学非全日制硕士研究生。主要研究方向为水下上目标特征。E-mail: 941522922@qq.com" ]
  [ "孙嘉庆男，1993年7月出生于山东省日照市。现为中国人民解放军海军工程大学讲师、博士研究生。主要研究方向为水下目标特性、量子导航。E-mail: 1920191109@nue.edu.com" ]
  [ "陈聪女，1971年4月出生于湖北省武汉市。现为中国人民解放军海军工程大学教授、博士研究生。主要研究方向为水下目标特性。E-mail: 0907041013@nue.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家基础研究项目(2023-JCJQ-ZD-079-00)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250858
  中图分类号： TN3;O441.4;U674.7
- 收稿：2025-09-28，
  
  录用：2026-02-03，
  
  纸质出版：2026-02-25
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
邱名杰, 胡明勇, 李禹宏, 等. 高纬度低温海域潜航器腐蚀相关静态电场的分布特征研究[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(02): 623-633.

QIU Mingjie, HU Mingyong, LI Yuhong, et al. Study on the Distribution Characteristics of Corrosion-Related Static Electric Field of Underwater Vehicles in High Latitude and Low Temperature Sea Area[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(02): 623-633.
邱名杰, 胡明勇, 李禹宏, 等. 高纬度低温海域潜航器腐蚀相关静态电场的分布特征研究[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(02): 623-633. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250858

QIU Mingjie, HU Mingyong, LI Yuhong, et al. Study on the Distribution Characteristics of Corrosion-Related Static Electric Field of Underwater Vehicles in High Latitude and Low Temperature Sea Area[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(02): 623-633. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250858

摘要

高纬度低温海域的冰盖为潜航器形成天然隐蔽屏障，而海冰覆盖改变了常规海域的场域空间特性，影响着潜航器腐蚀相关静态电场（Corrosion-Related Static Electric Field，CRSE）的分布。而CRSE是潜航器一项重要的水下军用目标特性，能量占比大且衍生的极低频交变电场具备远程探测优势，研究其在高纬度低温海域下的分布规律，是发展潜航器电场探测、定位及隐蔽技术的关键基础。本文先构建含空气、海冰、海水、海床与潜航器的多域耦合物理模型，基于拉普拉斯方程，确定各域电位分布与边界条件。采用COMSOL有限元软件搭建三维仿真模型，设置海冰、海水及潜航器各部件的电导率、电容率等关键参数，仿真计算潜航器在海水域及冰层中的CRSE分布，并重点分析海冰电导率、厚度两大核心参数对电场电位与电场强度的影响规律。为验证仿真结论的正确性，本文在-15 ℃冻库中模拟高纬度低温海域自然结冰环境，构建搭载外加电流阴极保护系统的潜航器缩比模型，通过Ag/AgCl电极阵列对冰下水域、冰层中电位分布进行实测，获取实测电位数据后与仿真结果进行对比。研究表明，潜航器CRSE在海水域与冰层中均有分布，且冰层中场量值更为可观，冰层内电场呈现清晰的电偶极子分布特征。海冰的存在会普遍增强海水域的电位与电场强度，其电导率越低、厚度越大，增强效应越显著，且海冰对电场纵、垂向分量的影响程度远大于横向分量。此外，冰层环境、结构更稳定，测试干扰小，相较于海水域更易实现高精度的电场测试。本文系统揭示了高纬度低温海域中海冰对潜航器CRSE分布的影响规律，填补了该领域的研究空白，为高纬度低温海域潜航器电场目标特性的实际应用提供了全新思路，也为优化该海域潜航器隐蔽策略、开发针对性的电场探测与预警技术奠定了坚实的理论与实验基础，对提升相关海域潜航器作战效能与反潜探测能力具有重要工程应用价值。

Abstract

The ice sheet in high-latitude low-temperature sea areas forms a natural concealed barrier for underwater vehicles

while the coverage of sea ice alters the field domain characteristics of conventional sea areas

affecting the distribution of the corrosion-related static electric field (CRSE) of the underwater vehicle. As a critical underwater military target feature of underwater vehicles

the CRSE accounts for a significant proportion of energy

and its derived extremely low-frequency alternating electric field offers advantages for long-range detection. Investigating its distribution patterns in high-latitude low-temperature sea areas is essential for advancing technologies in electric field detection

positioning

and stealth of underwater vehicles. This study first constructs a multi-domain coupled physical model incorporating air

sea ice

seawater

seabed

and the underwater vehicle. Based on the Laplace equation

the potential distribution and boundary conditions of each domain are determined. Using COMSOL finite element software

a three-dimensional simulation model is established

with key parameters such as electrical conductivity and permittivity assigned to components including sea ice

seawater

and the underwater vehicle. Simulations are conducted to calculate the CRSE distribution of the underwater vehicle in seawater and within the ice layer

with a focus on analyzing the influence of two core parameters—sea ice conductivity and thickness—on electric field potential and intensity. To validate the simulation results

a natural ice formation environment in high-latitude low-temperature sea areas is simulated in a -15 °C cold storage. A scaled-down model of the underwater vehicle equipped with an impressed current cathodic protection system is constructed. Using Ag-AgCl electrode arrays

the potential distribution in sub-ice water and within the ice layer is measured. The measured potential data are then compared with simulation results. The study shows that the CRSE of the underwater vehicle is distributed both in seawater and within the ice layer

with more significant field quantities observed in the ice layer

where the electric field exhibits a clear electric dipole distribution pattern. The presence of sea ice generally enhances the potential and electric field intensity in the seawater domain

with lower conductivity and greater thickness of sea ice leading to more pronounced enhancement effects. Furthermore

the influence of sea ice on the longitudinal and vertical components of the electric field is significantly greater than on the transverse component. Additionally

the ice layer provides a more stable environment and structure with minimal testing interference

making it more conducive to high-precision electric field measurements compared to seawater. This study systematically reveals the influence of sea ice on the CRSE distribution of underwater vehicles in high-latitude low-temperature sea areas

filling a research gap in this field. It provides new insights for the practical application of electric field target characteristics of underwater vehicles in such environments and lays a solid theoretical and experimental foundation for optimizing stealth strategies and developing targeted electric field detection and early warning technologies. The findings hold significant engineering value for enhancing the combat effectiveness of underwater vehicles and anti-submarine detection capabilities in relevant sea areas.

关键词

Keywords

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