昆虫监测雷达精细测量技术

胡程; 王锐; 李卫东; 王江涛; 叶子涵; 蔡炯; 姜琦; 张济川; 谭荔嘉

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20250883

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昆虫监测雷达精细测量技术

中国电子学会科学技术奖特约专栏 | 更新时间：2026-04-24

- 昆虫监测雷达精细测量技术
- Fine Measurement Technology of Insect Monitoring Radar
- 电子学报 2025年53卷第12期页码：4216-4230
- 作者机构：
  
  1.北京理工大学信息与电子学院，北京 100081
  2.北京理工大学前沿技术研究院，山东济南 250300
  3.国家盐碱地综合利用技术创新中心，山东东营 257300
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "胡程男，1981年出生于湖南省岳阳市.2009年获北京理工大学博士学位，现为北京理工大学教授、博士生导师，国家杰青.主要研究方向为测量雷达精细信号处理，发表SCI/EI论文200余篇，授权发明专利80余项.中国电子学会会员编号：E190011302F.E-mail: cchchb@163.com" ]
  [ "王锐男，1985年出生于山西省太原市.2015年获北京理工大学博士学位，现为北京理工大学教授、博士生导师，国家级青年人才.主要研究方向为空中微小、集群飞行器/生物目标的雷达探测技术.中国电子学会会员编号：E190021771S.E-mail: wangrui.bit@bit.edu.cn" ]
  [ "李卫东男，1991年出生于山东省临沂市.分别于2015、2021年获北京理工大学工学学士、博士学位，现为北京理工大学副教授、博士生导师.主要研究方向为低空微弱目标雷达信号与信息处理.E-mail: lwd0539@163.com" ]
  [ "王江涛男，1998年出生于河南省济源市.2020年获西安电子科技大学工学学士学位，现为北京理工大学博士研究生.主要研究方向为昆虫监测雷达极化信号与信息处理.中国电子学会会员编号：E190184873M.E-mail: bit_wjt@foxmail.com" ]
  [ "叶子涵女，2000年出生于甘肃省天水市.2022年获北京理工大学学士学位，现为北京理工大学博士研究生.主要研究方向为昆虫雷达信号处理.中国电子学会会员编号：E190186853A.E-mail: yezihan_2000@163.com" ]
  [ "蔡炯男，1997年出生于江西省宜春市.2017年获北京理工大学学士学位，2025年获北京理工大学博士学位，现为北京理工大学博士后.主要研究方向为雷达杂波抑制、雷达检测与跟踪及昆虫雷达信号处理.E-mail: az123jiong@foxmail.com" ]
  [ "姜琦男，1994年出生于山东省临沂市.2019年获电子科技大学硕士学位，2024年获北京理工大学博士学位，现为北京理工大学博士后.主要研究方向为群目标跟踪及多源信息融合.E-mail: tedjq@126.com" ]
  [ "张济川男，1998年出生于河南省驻马店市.2020年获西安电子科技大学学士学位，现为北京理工大学信息与电子学院博士研究生.主要研究方向为群目标跟踪、随机有限集滤波、变分推断等.中国电子学会会员编号：E190161863A.E-mail: zhangjichuan98@163.com" ]
  [ "谭荔嘉男，2000年出生于河北省保定市.2022年于哈尔滨工程大学获电子与信息工程专业学士学位，目前在北京理工大学攻读信息与通信工程的博士学位.研究方向为极化校准和极化信息处理.中国电子学会会员编号：E190186800A.E-mail: tanlijia2000@163.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(31727901)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250883
  中图分类号： TN959.5;
- 收稿：2025-12-02，
  
  录用：2025-12-22，
  
  纸质出版：2025-12-25
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
胡程, 王锐, 李卫东, 等. 昆虫监测雷达精细测量技术[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(12): 4216-4230.

HU Cheng, WANG Rui, LI Wei-dong, et al. Fine Measurement Technology of Insect Monitoring Radar[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(12): 4216-4230.
胡程, 王锐, 李卫东, 等. 昆虫监测雷达精细测量技术[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(12): 4216-4230. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250883

HU Cheng, WANG Rui, LI Wei-dong, et al. Fine Measurement Technology of Insect Monitoring Radar[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(12): 4216-4230. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250883

摘要

昆虫迁飞是虫害跨区域暴发与病害大规模流行的重要因素，造成严重的粮食损失、环境污染、生物安全等问题，迁飞昆虫监测对粮食安全、物种入侵生物安全等国家战略具有重大意义.昆虫监测雷达是专用于探测迁飞昆虫的雷达系统，相较于空中网捕、高空灯诱等传统监测手段，雷达能够对迁飞昆虫进行全天时、全天候、广域范围的非侵入式监测，成为当前研究和监测昆虫迁飞最有效的技术手段之一，已发现聚集成层、共同定向等很多昆虫群体迁飞现象和规律.但昆虫迁飞研究至今仍是世界性难题，是《Science》公布125个科学难题之一.要破解昆虫迁飞未解之谜，国际昆虫学领域专家普遍认为首先要对昆虫迁飞个体进行轨迹分析与种类辨识.其中，轨迹分析的核心是测量昆虫个体头部朝向等行为学参数，种类辨识的核心是测量昆虫个体体长、体宽、振翅频率等生物学参数.然而，昆虫体型从毫米至厘米级分布，跨度大，散射特性覆盖瑞利区至谐振区，散射特性复杂；昆虫个体雷达散射截面积（Radar Cross Section，RCS）低至-70 dBsm，回波信号微弱，信噪比极低，振翅回波信号更微弱.因此，传统雷达难以实现行为学和生物学参数的精细测量.为此，课题组开展了雷达谐振区微弱目标测量技术研究，提出了谐振区全极化多视角昆虫三维朝向测量、谐振区多频点全极化特征映射的昆虫尺寸测量、极弱微动回波增强的昆虫振翅频率测量等系列方法，攻克了昆虫头部朝向、体长、体宽、振翅频率等个体参数精确测量难题，并在此基础上研发了新一代昆虫个体监测雷达系统，首次实现了昆虫个体三维头部朝向、体长、体宽等参数测量，大幅提升了昆虫振翅频率测量精度.目前，该系统已布设于我国山东东营国家级农高区——北方重要迁飞通道途径地，并开展业务观测，为迁飞昆虫行为机理研究和重大虫害预警防控提供重要技术和数据支撑.

Abstract

Insect migration is a key factor in the cross‑regional outbreak of pests and the large‑scale spread of diseases

leading to severe issues such as crop loss

environmental pollution

and biosecurity threats. Monitoring migratory insects is therefore of great significance for national strategies on food security and invasive species biosecurity. Entomological radar is a specialized radar system designed for detecting migratory insects. Compared to traditional methods such as aerial net trapping and high‑altitude light trapping

radar enables all‑weather

all‑day

non‑invasive

and wide‑area monitoring of migratory insects

making it one of the most effective technical means for studying and monitoring insect migration. It has already revealed many collective migration phenomena and patterns

such as layer formation and common orientation. However

research on insect migration remains a global challenge and is listed as one of the 125 scientific puzzles by journal Science. To unravel the mysteries of insect migration

international entomology experts generally agree that the first step is to realize flight trajectory analysis and species identification of individual insect. The core of trajectory analysis lies in measuring behavioral parameters such as insect head orientation

while species identification relies on measuring biological parameters such as body length

body width

and wingbeat frequency. Nevertheless

insects vary widely in size from millimeters to centimeters

covering scattering regimes from Rayleigh to resonance regions

resulting in complex scattering characteristics. Their radar cross‑section (RCS) can be as low as -70 dBsm

yielding extremely weak echo signals with very low signal‑to‑noise ratios

and wingbeat echoes are even weaker. Consequently

conventional radar systems struggle to achieve precise measurements of behavioral and biological parameters. To address this

our research group has conducted studies on weak‑target measurement technology in the resonance region. We have proposed a series of methods

including full‑polarization multi‑aspect 3D orientation estimation for insects in the resonance region

insect size measurement via multi‑frequency full‑polarization feature mapping

and wingbeat frequency measurement via extremely weak micro‑Doppler echo enhancement. These approaches have overcome the challenges in accurately measuring individual parameters such as head orientation

body length

body width

and wingbeat frequency. Building on this

we have developed a new‑generation insect individual monitoring radar system

achieving for the first time the measurement of 3D head orientation

body length

and body width

while significantly improving the accuracy of wingbeat frequency measurement. Currently

this system has been deployed in Dongying

Shandong—a national agricultural high‑tech zone and a key pathway in northern China’s migration corridor—and is operating for routine observation. It provides essential technological and data support for research on insect migration behavior and early‑warning control of major pest outbreaks.

关键词

Keywords

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