基于约束多目标优化算法的高功率脉冲阵列天线辐射特性重构

蒋欣宇; 燕有杰; 王彬文; 张凯悦; 毕亮杰; 李海龙; 蒙林

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20250981

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基于约束多目标优化算法的高功率脉冲阵列天线辐射特性重构

学术论文 | 更新时间：2026-04-24

- 基于约束多目标优化算法的高功率脉冲阵列天线辐射特性重构
- Title in English Reconfiguration of Radiation Characteristics of High-Power Pulsed Array Antenna based on Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm
- 电子学报 2025年53卷第12期页码：4656-4664
- 作者机构：
  
  1.电子科技大学，四川成都 610054
  2.中国人民解放军63660部队，河南洛阳 471000
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "蒋欣宇女，1998年12月出生于河南省信阳市.现为电子科技大学电子科学与工程学院博士研究生.主要研究方向为高功率脉冲阵列天线综合.E-mail： jxy981106@163.com" ]
  [ "燕有杰男，1982年12月出生于河南省安阳市.现为中国人民解放军63660部队正高级工程师.主要研究方向为时域电磁学与电磁兼容性.E-mail: pine976@163.com" ]
  [ "王彬文男，1993年1月出生于甘肃省民勒市.现为中国人民解放军63660部队副高级工程师.主要研究方向为时域电磁学与电磁兼容性.E-mail: huahai_bingwen@zju.edu.cn" ]
  [ "张凯悦男，1992年12月出生于安徽省怀远市.现为中国人民解放军63660部队中职.主要研究方向为时域电磁学与电磁兼容性.E-mail: kaiyo152@163.com" ]
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250981
  中图分类号： TN82;
- 收稿：2025-12-01，
  
  录用：2025-12-09，
  
  纸质出版：2025-12-25
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
蒋欣宇, 燕有杰, 王彬文, 等. 基于约束多目标优化算法的高功率脉冲阵列天线辐射特性重构[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(12): 4656-4664.

JIANG Xin-yu, YAN You-jie, WANG Bin-wen, et al. Title in English Reconfiguration of Radiation Characteristics of High-Power Pulsed Array Antenna based on Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(12): 4656-4664.
蒋欣宇, 燕有杰, 王彬文, 等. 基于约束多目标优化算法的高功率脉冲阵列天线辐射特性重构[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(12): 4656-4664. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250981

JIANG Xin-yu, YAN You-jie, WANG Bin-wen, et al. Title in English Reconfiguration of Radiation Characteristics of High-Power Pulsed Array Antenna based on Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(12): 4656-4664. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250981

摘要

本文基于时域方向图卷积方法与约束多目标优化算法，对高功率脉冲阵列天线的辐射特性重构问题展开系统研究.在满足辐射场幅值大于12 kV/m、脉冲宽度变化率小于20%的约束条件下，重点实现了天线波束方向图与辐射脉冲波形的可重构控制.为提升计算模型的可靠性，本文采用“小阵外推大阵”的策略，通过较小规模阵列的仿真结果合理推断大规模阵列的辐射行为，从而兼顾计算效率与模型精度.在此基础上，将计及互耦效应的严格数值分析工具与非支配排序遗传算法（Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II，NSGA-II）相结合，构建了一套针对阵列天线延时布局的多目标优化流程，以实现对辐射脉冲特性的灵活重构.在实际工程应用中，设计者可根据具体任务需求，从优化所得的Pareto最优解集中选取最适宜的延时配置方案.高功率脉冲阵列天线在超宽带雷达、电磁对抗及生物电磁学等领域具有重要应用价值，其核心目标是在特定空间区域内形成满足特定时域与空域特性的辐射场分布.传统设计方法多侧重于频域或稳态性能，对瞬态脉冲波形的控制能力有限.本文提出的时域方向图卷积方法，能够直观反映激励延时对合成脉冲波形的影响机理，为时域辐射特性的精确调控提供了理论框架.通过引入脉冲宽度变化率作为关键约束条件，有效保障了辐射脉冲波形在目标区域内的时域一致性，避免因波形畸变导致的系统性能下降.在优化方法上，本文采用的NSGA-II算法具有良好的全局搜索能力与收敛性能，特别适合处理包含复杂非线性约束的多目标工程优化问题.通过将互耦影响嵌入个体适应度评估流程，确保了优化结果在实际物理系统中的可实现性.数值实验部分，本文重点考察了三种典型场景：辐射场幅值最大化；波束宽度最大化；在半功率波束宽度内，脉冲宽度变化率最小化.测试数据与仿真结果的高度一致性，验证了所建优化模型在同时处理时-空域约束方面的有效性与鲁棒性.

Abstract

In this paper

a systematic investigation into the reconstruction of radiation characteristics for high-power pulsed array antennas

based on the time domain pattern convolution method and constrained multi-objective optimization algorithms is conducted. Under constraints of a radiation field amplitude exceeding 12 kV/m and a pulse width variation rate below 20%

the study achieves reconfigurable control of both the antenna pattern and the radiated pulse waveform. To enhance computational model reliability

a “small-array extrapolation to large-array” strategy is adopted. Simulation results from a smaller-scale array are used to reasonably infer the radiation behavior of a large-scale array

thereby balancing computational efficiency and model accuracy. Building upon this foundation

a rigorous numerical analysis tool accounting for mutual coupling effects is integrated with the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) to establish a multi-objective optimization workflow for array antenna delay layout. This workflow enables flexible reconfiguration of radiation pulse characteristics. In practical engineering applications

designers can select the most suitable delay configuration scheme from the Pareto optimal solution set derived through optimization

tailored to specific mission requirements. High-power pulsed array antennas hold significant application value in ultra-wideband radar

electromagnetic countermeasures

and bioelectromagnetics. The core objective is to generate radiation field distributions with specific temporal and spatial characteristics within designated spatial regions. Traditional design methods predominantly focus on frequency-domain or steady-state performance

exhibiting limited control over transient pulse waveforms. The proposed time-domain pattern convolution method provides an intuitive representation of how excitation delays influence synthesized pulse waveforms

establishing a theoretical framework for precise control of time-domain radiation characteristics. By introducing the pulse width variation rate as a key constraint

it effectively ensures temporal consistency of the radiated pulse waveform within the target region

preventing system performance degradation caused by waveform distortion.Regarding the optimization approach

the NSGA-II algorithm used in this paper exhibits strong global search capabilities and convergence performance

making it particularly suitable for multi-objective engineering optimization problems involving complex nonlinear constraints. By embedding mutual coupling effects into the individual fitness evaluation process

the feasibility of optimization results in actual physical systems is ensured. In the numerical experiments

three typical scenarios are examined: maximizing radiation field amplitude; maximizing beam width; minimizing pulse width variation rate within the half-power beam width. The high consistency between test data and calculation results validates the effectiveness and robustness of the developed optimization model in simultaneously handling spatiotemporal constraints.

关键词

Keywords

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