面向非相干SIMO短包通信的多符号酉星座参数化设计

李双志; 刘莹莹; 李璐琦; 郭新

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20250986

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面向非相干SIMO短包通信的多符号酉星座参数化设计

学术论文 | 更新时间：2026-04-24

- 面向非相干SIMO短包通信的多符号酉星座参数化设计
- Parametric Design of Multi-Symbol Unitary Constellations for Non-Coherent SIMO Short-Packet Communications
- 电子学报 2025年53卷第12期页码：4708-4718
- 作者机构：
  
  郑州大学电气与信息工程学院，河南郑州 450001
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "李双志男，1990年1月出生于河南省南阳市.现为郑州大学电气与信息工程学院副教授.主要研究方向为无线通信信号处理等. E-mail: ielsz@zzu.edu.cn" ]
  [ "刘莹莹女，2000年1月出生于河南省商丘市.现为郑州大学电气与信息工程学院硕士研究生.主要研究方向为MIMO系统非相干空时调制.E-mail: ieyyliu@gs.zzu.edu.cn" ]
  [ "李璐琦女，2002年5月出生于河南省郑州市.现为郑州大学电气与信息工程学院硕士研究生.主要研究方向为MIMO系统非相干空时调制. E-mail: ielqli@gs.zzu.edu.cn" ]
  [ "郭新女，1988年8月出生于河南省周口市.现为郑州大学电气与信息工程学院副教授.主要研究方向为多媒体信号处理、人工智能等. E-mail: iexguo@zzu.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(61901416);河南省青年人才托举工程基金(2024HYTP026);河南省自然科学基金(242300420269);河南省科技攻关资金(242102211017)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250986
  中图分类号： TN929.5
- 收稿：2025-12-03，
  
  录用：2025-12-11，
  
  纸质出版：2025-12-25
- 稿件说明：
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李双志, 刘莹莹, 李璐琦, 等. 面向非相干SIMO短包通信的多符号酉星座参数化设计[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(12): 4708-4718.

LI Shuang-zhi, LIU Ying-ying, LI Lu-qi, et al. Parametric Design of Multi-Symbol Unitary Constellations for Non-Coherent SIMO Short-Packet Communications[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(12): 4708-4718.
李双志, 刘莹莹, 李璐琦, 等. 面向非相干SIMO短包通信的多符号酉星座参数化设计[J]. 电子学报, 2025, 53(12): 4708-4718. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250986

LI Shuang-zhi, LIU Ying-ying, LI Lu-qi, et al. Parametric Design of Multi-Symbol Unitary Constellations for Non-Coherent SIMO Short-Packet Communications[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2025, 53(12): 4708-4718. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20250986

摘要

针对高阶酉星座设计及在接收端检测复杂度高的问题，本文面向块瑞利衰落信道下的非相干单输入多输出短包通信系统，提出一种低复杂度的多符号高阶酉星座参数化设计方法，以实现在短包传输中高效利用时域分集，提升系统可靠性，并降低设计与检测开销.短包通信是支持超可靠低时延通信的关键技术之一，其传输块长度有限，传统信道编码与相干检测方案因需分配大量导频进行信道估计而导致频谱效率下降.非相干通信虽无需瞬时信道状态信息，但

传统非结构化酉星座的设计与最大似然检测复杂度随调制阶数呈指数增长，难以应用于高阶调制或时延敏感场景.为此，本文通过引入参数化与结构化设计思想，在给定传输速率和平均功率约束下，将酉星座设计问题转化为以最大化不同发送信号间最小弦距为目标的混合离散-连续优化问题.本文所提方法的核心在于将长度为

的发送信号递归参数化为一系列独立的角度参数与相位参数，并假设二者分属不同的星座集合.这一结构化假设不仅将高维星座点优化问题解耦为对有限个参数的优化，极大降低了设计复杂度，也为接收端实现低复杂度递归检测算法奠定了结构基础.具体地，本文提出一种联合比特分配与星座结构优化的两步求解策略：首先，在给定比特分配下，通过最大化最小弦距特性推导出最优角度星座应具有算术序列结构、最优相位星座应为均匀分布的相移键控星座；其次，基于该结构通过离线搜索确定各参数子空间的最优比特分配，从而在保证结构规律性的同时最大化系统的最小弦距.在接收端，得益于星座的参数化与结构独立性，本文进一步提出一种低复杂度的递归最大似然检测算法.该算法将任意符号长度的检测问题递归分解为两符号检测，降低了计算复杂度.理论分析表明，所提检测算法的复杂度与各参数子空间的星座点数之和呈线性关系，避免了传统全局搜索算法随总调制阶数指数增长的问题，尤其适用于高阶调制与实时性要求高的短包通信场景.仿真结果表明，与基于导频的正交幅度调制和相移键控方案相比，所提结构化酉星座具有更优的误码性能，且在高速率场景下通过联合利用角度与相位维度进一步提升频谱效率.同时，所提递归检测器在误块率与误比特率性能上均接近全局搜索检测器，而计算复杂度降低超过95%，验证了其在保持优异性能的同时实现低复杂度处理的可行性.本文工作为单输入多输出系统下的非相干短包通信提供了一种高效、实用的星座设计与检测方案，有助于推动超可靠低时延通信在实际系统中的部署与应用.

Abstract

To address the issues of high-order unitary constellation design and the high complexity of detection at the receiver

this paper focuses on non-coherent single-input multiple-output (SIMO) short-packet communication systems over block Rayleigh fading channels. It proposes a low-complexity multi-symbol high-order unitary constellation parameterization design method

aiming to efficiently exploit time-domain diversity in short-packet transmissions

improve system reliability

and reduce design and detection overhead. Short-packet communication is one of the key technologies for supporting ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). Due to limited transmission block lengths

traditional channel coding and coherent detection schemes suffer from reduced spectral efficiency as they require allocating a large number of pilot symbols for channel estimation. Although non-coherent communication does not require instantaneous channel state information

the design and maximum likelihood (ML) detection complexity of traditional unstructured unitary constellations grow exponentially with the modulation order

making them difficult to apply in high-order m

odulation or latency-sensitive scenarios. To tackle this

this paper introduces a parameterized and structured design approach. Under given transmission rate and average power constraints

the unitary constellation design problem is transformed into a mixed discrete-continuous optimization problem with the objective of maximizing the minimum chordal distance (MCD) between different transmitted signals.The core of the proposed method lies in recursively parameterizing the transmitted signal of the length

into a series of independent angle parameters and phase parameters

assuming they belong to different constellation sets. This structural assumption not only decouples the high-dimensional constellation point optimization problem into the optimization of a finite number of parameters

significantly reducing the design complexity

but also establishes a structural foundation for implementing low-complexity recursive detection algorithms at the receiver. Specifically

the paper proposes a two-step solution strategy that jointly optimizes bit allocation and constellation structure: first

under a given bit allocation

it is derived that the optimal angle constellation should have an arithmetic sequence structure

and the optimal phase constellation should be a uniformly distributed phase-shift keying (PSK) constellation

based on maximizing the MCD property; Second

based on this structure

offline search is employed to determine the optimal bit allocation for each parameter subspace

thereby maximizing the system’s MCD while ensuring structural regularity.At the receiver

benefiting from the parameterization and structural independence of the constellation

the paper further proposes a low-complexity recursive ML detection algorithm. This algorithm recursively decomposes the detection problem of any symbol length into two-symbol detection

reducing computational complexity. Theoretical analysis shows that the complexity of the proposed detection algorithm scales linearly with the sum of the constel

lation points in each parameter subspace

avoiding the exponential growth with the total modulation order characteristic of traditional global search algorithms. This makes it particularly suitable for high-order modulation and real-time short-packet communication scenarios. Simulation results demonstrate that compared to pilot-based quadrature amplitude modulation and PSK schemes

the proposed structured unitary constellation achieves better block error rate (BLER) performance. Moreover

in high-rate scenarios

it further enhances spectral efficiency by jointly utilizing the angle and phase dimensions. Meanwhile

the proposed recursive detector achieves BLER and bit error rate performances close to those of the global search detector

while reducing computational complexity by over 95%. This validates its feasibility in maintaining excellent performance while achieving low-complexity processing. The study provides an efficient and practical constellation design and detection scheme for non-coherent short-packet communication in SIMO systems

contributing to the deployment and application of URLLC in practical systems.

关键词

Keywords

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