基于超表面的低副瓣高口径效率反射阵列天线

陆纪曦; 赵晓雯; 张云华

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20251128

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基于超表面的低副瓣高口径效率反射阵列天线

学术论文 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 基于超表面的低副瓣高口径效率反射阵列天线
- Low Sidelobe and High Aperture Efficiency Reflectarray Based on Metasurface
- 电子学报 2026年54卷第2期页码：661-672
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国科学院国家空间科学中心微波遥感技术重点实验室，北京 100190
  2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "陆纪曦男，2001年1月出生于江苏省南通市。现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心硕士研究生。主要研究方向为反射阵列天线。E-mail: lujixi23@mails.ucas.ac.cn" ]
  [ "赵晓雯女，1987年8月出生于陕西省。现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心副研究员。主要研究方向为大型阵列天线综合技术、电磁超表面与智能超表面技术、相控阵天线等。中国电子学会会员编号：E190198943M。E-mail: zhaoxiaowen@mirslab.cn" ]
  [ "张云华男，1967年5月出生于云南省。现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心研究员。主要研究方向为微波遥感理论、遥感器系统技术、雷达信号处理、计算电磁场与天线等。E-mail: zhangyunhua@mirslab.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  中国科学院青年创新促进会(2022148)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20251128
  中图分类号： TN82;
- 收稿：2026-01-25，
  
  录用：2026-02-24，
  
  纸质出版：2026-02-25
- 稿件说明：
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陆纪曦, 赵晓雯, 张云华. 基于超表面的低副瓣高口径效率反射阵列天线[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(02): 661-672.

LU Jixi, ZHAO Xiaowen, ZHANG Yunhua. Low Sidelobe and High Aperture Efficiency Reflectarray Based on Metasurface[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(02): 661-672.
陆纪曦, 赵晓雯, 张云华. 基于超表面的低副瓣高口径效率反射阵列天线[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(02): 661-672. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20251128

LU Jixi, ZHAO Xiaowen, ZHANG Yunhua. Low Sidelobe and High Aperture Efficiency Reflectarray Based on Metasurface[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(02): 661-672. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20251128

摘要

反射阵列天线凭借其高增益、低成本及波束灵活调控等优势，在卫星通信、微波遥感与雷达系统中得到了广泛的应用。然而，随着现代无线系统对抗干扰能力、信号质量、系统可靠性与安全性等要求的不断提升，实现低副瓣电平（Side-Lobe Level，SLL）与高口径效率成为反射阵列天线领域的研究热点。传统的纯相位调控方法在抑制副瓣方面能力相对有限，而现有的幅相联合调控技术虽能降低副瓣，但往往因单元的反射幅度一致性差等原因，导致天线口径效率显著降低，限制了其在高性能系统中的进一步应用。针对上述问题，本文提出了一种基于超表面的低副瓣、高口径效率反射阵列天线，设计了具有非均匀线宽的I形超表面反射单元，通过非均匀设计对称分裂环和切割导线的线宽，调控不同谐振模式下的表面电流分布，有效抑制了调相过程中反射幅度的波动。仿真结果表明，该单元不仅可实现0°~360°的连续相位调控和0~1的幅度调控，且在相位调控过程中，反射幅度波动小于0.03，具有良好的幅度一致性，有利于组阵后实现高口径效率的反射阵列天线。基于该单元，结合Taylor加权进行幅相联合调控，设计并研制了一款中心频率为15 GHz，圆口径直径为193.3 mm（

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为中心频率对应的波长）的线极化反射阵列天线。实测结果表明：在15 GHz工作频率下，天线增益可达26 dBi，对应的口径效率为43.17%，副瓣电平低于-24.8 dB，交叉极化电平（Cross-Polarization Level，XPL）低于-17.6 dB；1-dB增益带宽为18%（15~18 GHz），口径效率大于38%；在H面和E面两个主平面内，2-dB副瓣电平带宽分别约为17.0%（15~17.8 GHz）和16.9%（15.2~18 GHz）。所有实测结果均与仿真结果吻合程度较好，验证了所提设计方法的有效性。此外，与公开文献的设计结果对比表明，本文设计的反射阵列天线具有低副瓣、高口径效率以及低交叉极化的典型优势，为高性能反射阵列天线提供了一种可行方案。

Abstract

Reflectarray antennas have been widely used in satellite communication

microwave remote sensing

and radar systems due to their advantages of high gain

low cost

and flexible beam control. However

with the ever-increasing demands for anti-interference capability

signal quality

system reliability

and operational safety in modern wireless communication and sensing systems

achieving low sidelobe level (SLL) with high aperture efficiency has become a critical research focus in reflectarray antenna design. While conventional phase-only synthesis methods are limited in their ability to suppress sidelobes

existing ampli

tude-phase joint control techniques often suffer from significant efficiency losses due to the poor consistency of element reflection amplitude. To address the above problems

this paper proposes a metasurface-based reflectarray antenna design with low SLL and high aperture efficiency. A novel non-uniform line-width I-shaped metasurface reflection element has been developed. By non-uniformly designing the line widths of the symmetric split ring and cut wire to control the surface current distribution under different resonant modes

the fluctuation of reflection amplitude during the phase tuning process is effectively suppressed. Full-wave simulation results demonstrate that the proposed element not only achieves continuous phase tuning of 0°~360° and amplitude control of 0~1

but also restricts the reflection amplitude fluctuation to less than 0.03 during phase tuning. This superior amplitude consistency is beneficial for achieving high aperture efficiency in reflectarray antennas. Based on the proposed element and Taylor weighting technique

a linearly polarized reflectarray antenna with circular aperture of 193.3 mm in diameter (

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at 15 GHz) is designed and fabricated. Measured results indicate that a peak gain of 26 dBi along with a circular aperture efficiency of 43.17% and SLL below -24.8 dB have been achieved as well as a cross-polarization level (XPL) under -17.6 dB at 15

GHz. The 1-dB gain bandwidth reaches 18% (15~18 GHz)

within which the aperture efficiency remains above 38%. The 2-dB SLL bandwidths are approximately 17.0% (15~17.8 GHz) in the H-plane and 16.9% (15.2~18.0 GHz) in the E-plane. All measured results are in favorable agreement with the corresponding simulations

verifying the effectiveness of the proposed design method. Furthermore

compared with state-of-the-art designs reported in the open literature

the proposed reflectarray antenna has the advantages of low SLL

high aperture efficiency

and low XPL. This work provides a feasible and effective technical solution for high-performance reflectarray antennas.

关键词

Keywords

references

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