一种水基宽带低RCS螺旋天线辐射-散射调控方法研究

王夫蔚; 王一; 戚会强; 李艳艳; 贺晨

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20260213

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一种水基宽带低RCS螺旋天线辐射-散射调控方法研究

更新时间：2026-07-27

- 一种水基宽带低RCS螺旋天线辐射-散射调控方法研究
- A Radiation-Scattering Control Method for a Wideband Low-RCS Spiral Antenna Using an Aqueous Medium
- 电子学报 2026年页码：1-13
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西北大学电子信息学院，陕西西安 710127
  2.东南大学移动通信全国重点实验室，江苏南京 210096
- 作者简介：
  
  王夫蔚男，1987年6月出生于陕西省西安市。现为西北大学电子信息学院副教授、博士生导师。主要研究方向为雷达截面控制、阵列天线、新材料天线等。中国电子学会会员编号：E190066742M。 E-mail: wfw@nwu.edu.cn
  王一男，2000年3月出生于陕西省榆林市。现为西北大学电子信息学院无线通信技术科研团队硕士研究生。主要研究方向为雷达截面控制、新材料天线等。 E-mail: yiwang129329@163.com
  戚会强男，2001年6月出生于河南省驻马店市。现为西北大学电子信息学院无线通信技术科研团队硕士研究生。主要研究方向为超材料天线等。E-mail: 18860275460@163.com
  李艳艳女，1986年7月出生于山东省济宁市。现为西北大学电子信息学院副教授。主要研究方向为阵列信号处理、目标检测和目标跟踪。 E-mail: liyanyan@nwu.edu.cn
  贺晨男，1983年12月出生于陕西省西安市。现为西北大学电子信息学院教授。主要研究方向为智能无线通信与感知。 E-mail: chenhe@nwu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  东南大学移动通信全国重点实验室开放研究基金资助课题(2025D05);陕西省创新团队项目(2024RSCXTD05)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20260213
  中图分类号： TN82;
- 收稿：2026-04-25，
  
  录用：2026-06-25，
  
  网络首发：2026-07-27，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
王夫蔚, 王一, 戚会强, 等. 一种水基宽带低RCS螺旋天线辐射-散射调控方法研究[J/OL]. 电子学报, 2026,1-13.

WANG Fuwei, WANG Yi, QI Huiqiang, et al. A Radiation-Scattering Control Method for a Wideband Low-RCS Spiral Antenna Using an Aqueous Medium[J/OL]. ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA, 2026, 1-13.
王夫蔚, 王一, 戚会强, 等. 一种水基宽带低RCS螺旋天线辐射-散射调控方法研究[J/OL]. 电子学报, 2026,1-13. DOI： 10.12263/DZXB.20260213.

WANG Fuwei, WANG Yi, QI Huiqiang, et al. A Radiation-Scattering Control Method for a Wideband Low-RCS Spiral Antenna Using an Aqueous Medium[J/OL]. ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA, 2026, 1-13. DOI： 10.12263/DZXB.20260213.

摘要

本文基于天线辐射与散射特性协同控制的思想，提出了一种水基低雷达截面（Radar Cross Section，RCS）的辐射波束与散射电平可调控螺旋天线设计方法，旨在同时实现低可观测（Low Observability，LO）与低可截获（Low Probability of Intercept，LPI）的隐身功能。该方法将水介质由传统的填充或损耗介质拓展为兼具辐射调控、散射抑制与重构等功能的结构，最终实现辐射与散射性能的协同优化。天线以透明树脂封装水介质阿基米德双臂螺旋结构，利用水的高介电常数实现宽带圆极化辐射，并借助其高损耗特性有效抑制电磁散射，同时水的流动性为波束与散射电平的灵活调控提供了实现基础。天线底部加载金属反射板以实现单向辐射，采用双同轴线平衡馈电，省略了传统巴伦以降低剖面。天线支持两种馈电模式：模式1为双端口等幅反向馈电，模式2与模式3为单端口馈电（向选定单臂注水），由此分别实现主波束在轴向（0°）与偏轴（±16°）间的可重构波束调控。实测最大增益为6.93 dBi，三种模式轴比带宽均优于35%，验证了良好的圆极化辐射与波束重构能力。使天线在满足通信需求的同时可动态调整波束指向，降低信号被截获概率，实现LPI特性。散射特性方面，仿真与实测结果表明，该天线在1~40 GHz超宽频带内相比传统天线实现了显著的RCS减缩，最大减缩量可达30.79 dB，并在宽入射角范围内保持稳定的散射抑制，显著提升了平台的LO性能。双站RCS结果进一步验证了其大角度低散射特性。此外，通过调节水层厚度可动态辅助调控天线的RCS电平与工作频点，相对带宽在49.6%~61.1%间变化，为应对复杂电磁环境提供了灵活性。本文还分析了水介质损耗对辐射效率的影响及温度变化下的性能稳定性。结果表明，在不同工作模式、水层厚度及水温（25~75 ℃）条件下，天线辐射效率均保持较高水平，验证了其工程实用性。实物测试结果与仿真吻合良好，充分说明了该天线在紧凑结构下协同实现宽带隐身与辐射波束灵活调控的能力。本文方法为同时解决LPI与LO的隐身难题提供了一种可行的技术方案，对提升高端装备的电磁隐身与战场适应能力具有一定的意义，也为未来智能可重构隐身天线设计提供了思路。

Abstract

Based on the idea of synergistic control of radiation and scattering characteristics

this paper presents a design method for a water-based spiral antenna with low radar cross section (RCS) and adjustable radiation beam as well as scattering level

aiming to achieve both low observability (LO) and low probability of intercept (LPI) for stealth applications. In this paper

water is no longer used merely as a filling or lossy medium

it is treated as a structural component that integrates radiation regulation

scattering suppression

and reconfiguration

enabling co-optimization of radiation and scattering performance. The antenna is built with an Archimedean two-arm spiral radiator encapsulated in transparent resin and filled with pure water. The high permittivity of water supports broadband circularly polarized radiation

while its high-loss characteristic helps reduce electromagnetic scattering. Meanwhile

the fluidity of water provides a practical means for dynamically controlling the radiation beam and scattering level. A metal reflector is placed at the bottom to achieve unidirectional radiation

and a dual-coaxial balanced feeding scheme is adopted

omitting the conventional balun to reduce the profile. Two feeding modes are implemented: Mode 1 uses dual-port equal-amplitude out-of-phase feeding

while Modes 2 and 3 use single-port feeding with water injected into one selected arm

allowing the main beam to steer between the axial (0°) and off-axis (±16°) directions. The measured maximum gain reaches 6.93 dBi

and the axial-ratio bandwidth exceeds 35% in all three modes

demonstrating good circular polarization and beam-reconfiguration capability. This allows the antenna to adjust its beam direction dynamically according to communication requirements

reducing the risk of signal interception and thus achieving LPI. In terms of scattering

simulation and measurement results show that the antenna achieves significant RCS reduction over the 1-40 GHz ultra-wideband compared with conventional antennas

with a maximum reduction of 30.79 dB

while maintaining stable scattering suppression over a wide range of incident angles

significantly enhancing LO performance. Bistatic RCS results further confirm its low-scattering characteristics over large angles. In addition

by adjusting the water-layer thickness

dynamic auxiliary control of the RCS level and operating frequency can be realized

with the relative bandwidth varying between 49.6% and 61.1%

providing extra flexibility in complex electromagnetic environments. The effect of water loss on radiation efficiency and the stability of performance under temperature variation are also analyzed. Results indicate that the antenna maintains relatively high radiation efficiency across different operating modes

water-layer thicknesses

and water temperatures (25-75 ℃)

confirming its engineering practicality. The measured results agree well with simulations

demonstrating that the proposed antenna successfully integrates wideband stealth performance and flexible radiation-beam control within a compact structure. This method offers a feasible technical pathway for addressing the LPI and LO challenges simultaneously

and may provide some reference for the future design of intelligent reconfigurable stealth antennas.

关键词

Keywords

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