协同优化效率与可靠性的递进式神经架构搜索方法

张睿; 魏晓楠; 孙超利

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20260222

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协同优化效率与可靠性的递进式神经架构搜索方法

学术论文 | 更新时间：2026-06-17

- 协同优化效率与可靠性的递进式神经架构搜索方法
- Progressive Neural Architecture Search Method for Collaborative Optimization of Efficiency and Reliability
- 电子学报 2026年54卷第4期页码：1792-1805
- 作者机构：
  
  太原科技大学计算机科学与技术学院，山西太原 030024
- 作者简介：
  
  张睿男，1987年2月出生于山西省太原市。现为太原科技大学计算机科学与技术学院教授、博士生导师。主要研究方向为神经架构搜索与自动机器学习。E-mail: zhangrui@tyust.edu.cn
  魏晓楠男，2001年12月出生于山西省太原市。现为太原科技大学计算机科学与技术学院硕士研究生。主要研究方向为神经架构搜索与自动机器学习。E-mail: s202420211020@stu.tyust.edu.cn
  孙超利女，1978年2月出生于浙江省诸暨市。现为太原科技大学计算机科学与技术学院教授、博士生导师。主要研究方向为代理模型辅助的进化优化与自动机器学习。E-mail: chaoli.sun@tyust.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(62372319);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(23YJCZH299);山西省重点研发计划(202302140601012);山西省专利转化专项计划(20250021);山西省基础研究计划(202403021221142);山西省市场监督管理局科技计划(2025KJ019)
- DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20260222
  中图分类号： TP18;
- 收稿：2026-03-13，
  
  录用：2026-04-08，
  
  纸质出版：2026-04-25
- 稿件说明：
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张睿, 魏晓楠, 孙超利. 协同优化效率与可靠性的递进式神经架构搜索方法[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(04): 1792-1805.

ZHANG Rui, WEI Xiaonan, SUN Chaoli. Progressive Neural Architecture Search Method for Collaborative Optimization of Efficiency and Reliability[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(04): 1792-1805.
张睿, 魏晓楠, 孙超利. 协同优化效率与可靠性的递进式神经架构搜索方法[J]. 电子学报, 2026, 54(04): 1792-1805. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20260222

ZHANG Rui, WEI Xiaonan, SUN Chaoli. Progressive Neural Architecture Search Method for Collaborative Optimization of Efficiency and Reliability[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2026, 54(04): 1792-1805. DOI：10.12263/DZXB.20260222

摘要

神经架构搜索作为自动化深度学习模型构建的核心技术，旨在搜索面向特定任务的最优网络结构，然而现有方法在以下方面存在不足：搜索空间中卷积与池化操作耦合，导致解空间冗余；高维编码采用整体优化方式，模块间协作不足，易陷入局部最优；评估策略依赖单一或少数指标，难以准确反映架构真实性能，易对搜索方向产生误导。上述问题相互交织，高潜力架构易被淘汰，搜索所得架构性能与最优值存在差距，限制了神经架构搜索（Neural Architecture Search， NAS）技术在资源受限及高可靠性场景中的应用。针对上述不足，本文提出一种递进式协同的神经架构搜索方法。该方法包含三个模块：在搜索空间层面，设计递进式表征降维可分离架构搜索空间，依据卷积与池化的功能特性将二者解耦，以缩小解空间规模并保留特征表征，为后续搜索与评估提供输入；在搜索策略层面，提出高维解耦式单元自适应搜索策略，将高维架构编码按卷积段、池化段、深度段进行分段解耦，对不同模块分别采用两点交叉、单点交叉及自适应变异等单元级定向遗传操作；在评估策略层面，构建多维低成本模型性能评估策略，从鲁棒性、各向同性、不确定性、规整性四个维度分别评估候选架构，并通过排名驱动的非线性几何融合机制将各维度分数整合为综合指标。上述三个模块依次衔接，形成递进式协同框架。实验结果表明，在NAS-Bench-201基准搜索空间上，所提方法在CIFAR-10、CIFAR-100及ImageNet16-120数据集上的肯德尔相关性系数分别为0.712 0、0.705 2与0.698 1，其中在CIFAR-10上较NASWOT方法提升20.13%。在工业焊缝缺陷检测与医疗APTOS-2019视网膜病变分级两项任务中，所得最优架构较现有无训练NAS方法平均精度分别提升约18.67%与6.12%，搜索耗时分别为227.97 s与559.34 s，推理延迟分别为0.41 ms与0.46 ms。该研究为构建高效、低成本且具备跨领域泛化能力的自动化模型设计技术提供了参考。

Abstract

Neural architecture search (NAS)

a core technology for automated deep learning model construction

aims to discover task-specific optimal network architectures. However

existing methods suffer from three critical limitations: coupled convolution and pooling operations in search spaces generate redundant solution spaces; holistically optimized high-dimensional encodings lack inter-module collaboration and easily fall into local optima; evaluation strategies relying on single or limited metrics fail to accurately reflect true architecture performance

biasing search directions. These intertwined issues eliminate high-potential architectures

create performance gaps between searched and optimal architectures

and restrict NAS deployment in resource-constrained and high-reliability scenarios. To address these deficiencies

this paper presents a progressive collaborative neural architecture search method. This method consists of three modules: a progressive representation dimensionality reduction separable architecture search space is designed at the search space level

where convolution and pooling are decoupled by their functional properties to reduce the solution space scale and retain feature representations

thus supplying input for subsequent search and evaluation. A high-dimensional decoupled unit-adaptive search strategy is proposed at the search strategy level

which decomposes high-dimensional architecture encodings into convolution segments

pooling segments and depth segments

and applies unit-level directed genetic operations including two-point crossover

single-point crossover and adaptive mutation to different modules separately. A multi-dimensional low-cost model performance evaluation strategy is constructed at the evaluation strategy level to assess candidate architectures from four dimensions

namely robustness

isotropy

uncertainty and regularity

and merges multi-dimensional scores into a comprehensive indicator through a rank-driven nonlinear geometric fusion mechanism. The three modules connect sequentially to form a progressive collaborative framework. Experimental results demonstrate that on the NAS-Bench-201 benchmark search space

the proposed method yields Kendall correlation coefficients of 0.712 0

0.705 2 and 0.698 1 on CIFAR-10

CIFAR-100 and ImageNet16-120 datasets respectively

with a 20.13% relative gain over NASWOT on CIFAR-10. For industrial weld defect detection and APTOS-2019 medical retinopathy grading

the derived optimal architecture boosts average accuracy by approximately 18.67% and 6.12% respectively over existing training-free NAS methods including NASWOT

ZiCo and MSTF-NAS

with search time of 227.97 s and 559.34 s

and inference latency of 0.41 ms and 0.46 ms correspondingly. This work provides a reference for developing efficient

low-cost automated model design techniques with strong cross-domain generalization.

关键词

Keywords

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