In recent years

the number of satellites with Ku and Ka band has been increasing in the fields of broadcasting

communication and military. However

traditional prediction models of rain attenuation for earth-space links in Ku and Ka band are based on empirical relationships and ideal assumptions

which consider insufficient precipitation microphysical properties. Aiming at this problem

the effect of vertical distribution of precipitation

particle shape

particle orientation and phase on signal attenuation are quantitatively analyzed based on measured rainfall data. The results show that compared with the calculation results of nonuniform vertical structure of rainfall

ITU and SAM models are based on uniform precipitation distribution

which cannot represent the attenuation when the vertical rainfall is nonuniform. The particle shape and orientation affect the attenuation for a slight degree

the mean absolute error of attenuation from spherical and non-spherical raindrops are below 0.01dB at 13 GHz and 32 GHz

and the maximum mean absolute error of specific attenuation for different particle orientations is 0.00098dB/km and 0.0207dB/km. There are different attenuation caused by precipitation with different phases

the values in descending order is wetsnow

water and ice. These results will provide basic theoretical support and data reference for evaluation of propagation characteristics and estimation of rainfall by earth-space links at Ku and Ka band.