空天通信网络关键技术综述

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20210029

电子学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 470-479.DOI: 10.12263/DZXB.20210029

所属专题：长摘要论文

空天通信网络关键技术综述

安建平¹, 李建国², 于季弘², 叶能¹

^1.北京理工大学网络空间安全学院，北京 100081
^2.北京理工大学信息与电子学院，北京 100081

收稿日期:2020-12-28 修回日期:2022-01-20 出版日期:2022-02-25
- 通讯作者:
- 于季弘
- 作者简介:
- 安建平男，1965年出生于山西省原平市.现为北京理工大学网络空间安全学院教授、博士生导师.主要研究方向为空天信息网络与安全、空间信号处理.E-mail: an@bit.edu.cn
  李建国男，1993年出生于黑龙江省佳木斯市.现为北京理工大学信息与电子学院博士.主要研究方向：太赫兹高速通信.E-mail: jianguoli@bit.edu.cn
  于季弘（通讯作者）男，1987年出生于河北秦皇岛.现为北京理工大学信息与电子学院教授、博士生导师.主要研究方向：空天通信、无源物联网.E-mail: jihong.yu@bit.edu.cn
  叶能男，1993年出生于浙江省绍兴市.现为北京理工大学网络空间安全学院预聘助理教授.主要研究方向：空天泛在通信技术、智能通信信号处理技术.E-mail: ianye@bit.edu.cn
- 基金资助:
- 国家自然科学基金 (61901035); 科技部重点研发计划 (2019YFB1803200)

Key Technologies of Space-Air-Ground Communication Networks: A Survey

AN Jian-ping¹, LI Jian-guo², YU Ji-hong², YE Neng¹

^1.School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
^2.School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2020-12-28 Revised:2022-01-20 Online:2022-02-25 Published:2022-02-25
- Corresponding author:
- YU Ji-hong
- Supported by:
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (61901035); Key Research and Development Project of Ministry of Science and Technology, PRC (2019YFB1803200)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

伴随信息社会向网络化、泛在化、智能化持续发展，现有地面通信网络已经无法支持日益增长的宽带业务需求、泛在海量的物联接入需求、隐蔽可靠的安全传输需求.未来通信网络要求在全球范围内实现既纵深宽广又细致入微的全方位无线接入，其进一步演进亟需突破包括网络架构和空口技术等在内的底层技术.相比于地面通信网络，空天通信网络不受地形的限制，可实现包括海洋、森林、边远地区等的立体全覆盖，可在多维度多层次尺度实现全空间范围内的信息交互，将成为满足海量异构用户泛在连接需求的关键使能技术.本文综述了空天通信网络的关键技术，首先给出了空天通信网络现有系统及未来智慧社会业务的多元化应用场景，然后从空-天-地三网、物理-网络-应用三层、有效传输-资源管理-安全防护三域出发，给出了一种空天通信网络的整体架构.本文随后从组网与接入、物理层以及资源管理与切换等角度出发分别总结了关键技术.最后，本文指出了未来空天通信网络的技术发展挑战和趋势.

长摘要
伴随信息社会向网络化、泛在化、智能化持续发展，现有地面通信网络已经无法支持日益增长的宽带业务需求、泛在海量的物联接入需求、隐蔽可靠的安全传输需求。未来通信网络要求在全球范围内实现既纵深宽广又细致入微的全方位无线接入，其进一步演进亟需突破包括网络架构和空口技术等在内的一系列底层技术。相比于地面通信网络，超长距离的空天通信网络不受地形的限制，可实现包括海洋、森林、边远地区等场景下的立体全覆盖，可在多维度多层次尺度实现全空间范围内的信息交互，将成为满足海量异构用户泛在连接需求的关键使能技术，从而真正实现人与万物泛在互联的信息社会发展愿景。本文综述了空天通信网络的关键技术，首先给出了空天通信网络现有系统以及其赋能未来智慧社会业务的多元化应用场景。然后从空-天-地三网、物理-网络-应用三层、有效传输-资源管理-安全防护三域出发，给出了一种空天通信网络的整体架构。本文随后从组网与接入、物理层、多域资源管理与切换三个角度出发分别总结了空天通信网中的关键技术。最后，针对现有系统的不足，本文指出了未来空天通信网络的技术发展挑战和趋势。

关键词: 空天通信网络, 空天地一体化, 组网接入, 物理层技术

Abstract:

With the information society continuously developing towards networking, ubiquity, and intelligence, the existing terrestrial communication network has been unable to supply the increasing demand for broadband services, ubiquitous access, and concealed and reliable transmission. The future communication network requires the realization of all-round wireless access. Its further evolution urgently needs to break through the underlying technologies including network architecture and air interface technology. Compared with the terrestrial communication networks, integrated space-air-ground communication networks can work independently of terrain, and can achieve full coverage including oceans, forests, remote areas, etc. In addition, the information interaction can also be achieved from multiple dimensions. The integrated space-air-ground communication will be one of the key technologies enabling the ubiquitous connection of enormous heterogeneous users. This paper summarizes the key technologies of aerospace communication networks. Firstly, we introduce the existing space-air-ground communication systems and the diversified application scenarios oriented for the future smart society. Secondly, an overall architecture of the integrated space-air-ground communication networks is presented from the perspectives of space-air-ground physical space, physical-network-application network structure, and effective transmission-resource management-security protection technical route. Subsequently, the key technologies are summarized such as networking and multiple access, physical layer and resource management, etc. Finally, the technical challenges and trends of future aerospace communication networks are pointed out.

Extended Abstract
With the continuous development of the information society towards networking, ubiquity, and intelligence, the existing terrestrial communication network has been unable to satisfy the increasing demand for broadband services, ubiquitous access, covert and reliable secure transmission. The future communication network requires the realization of all-round wireless access which is both macro and micro all over the world. Its further evolution urgently needs to break through a series of underlying technologies, including network architecture and air interface technology. Compared with terrestrial communication networks, the ultra-long-distance space-air communication network is not restricted by terrain, and can achieve full coverage in scene including oceans, forests, remote areas, etc. In addition, it can realize multi-dimensional and multi-layers information interaction in the whole space. And space-air communication network will be one of the key enabling technologies to meet the ubiquitous connection needs of enormous heterogeneous users, so as to truly realize the development vision of the information society in which people and everything are ubiquitously interconnected. This paper summarizes the key technologies of space-air communication network. Firstly, the existing space-air communication system and its diversified application scenarios enabling intelligent social services in the future are presented. Secondly, an overall architecture of the space-air communication network is presented from the perspectives of air-space-ground network, physical-network-application layer, and effective transmission-resource management-security protection strategy. Then, the key technologies are summarized from three aspects: networking and access, physical layer, resource management and switching. Finally, in view of the shortcomings of the existing systems, this paper points out the technical development challenges and trends of future space-air communication network.

Key words: space-air communication networks, space-air-ground, networking and multiple access, physical layer technology

中图分类号:

TN927

安建平, 李建国, 于季弘, 叶能. 空天通信网络关键技术综述[J]. 电子学报, 2022, 50(2): 470-479.

AN Jian-ping, LI Jian-guo, YU Ji-hong, YE Neng. Key Technologies of Space-Air-Ground Communication Networks: A Survey[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2022, 50(2): 470-479.

图/表 4

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空天通信网络关键技术综述

Key Technologies of Space-Air-Ground Communication Networks: A Survey

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