为满足第五代（Fifth Generation， 5G）通信系统中大规模多输入多输出（Multiple Input Multiple Output， MIMO）基站进一步小型化的需求，本文提出了单个偶极子天线替代原有1×2子阵的方法.为实现等效替代，单个偶极子天线的波宽应压缩到原来的二分之一.因此，作者在传统的偶极子上方放置了具有相位梯度特性的两层超表面以聚焦偶极子的能量.加载了该超表面的偶极子的半功率波瓣宽度（Half Power Beam Width， HPBW）的仿真值减小到37°，增益仿真值提高到14.1dBi，主瓣平均交叉极化鉴别度（Cross Polarization Discrimination， XPD）提高了3.3 dB至8.5dB.为了验证天线设计，作者制作并测试了样机，仿真结果与实测结果较为吻合.综上所述，添加超表面的单个偶极子可以替代普通的1×2子阵，相当于在后续组阵过程中可以缩小一半的尺寸.这一方案在第五代通信系统大规模多输入多输出天线系统中具有重要应用价值.

To cater to the needs of further miniaturization of antenna array in massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) base station of the fifth generation(5G) communication system, a new single dipole is proposed in this paper to replace the original 1 × 2 array. To achieve equivalent substitution, the beam width of a single dipole should be halved. Therefore, a two-layered metasurface equipped with phase gradient property is placed above the traditional dipole. It concentrates the energy radiated from the dipole. The simulated half power beam width(HPBW) of the dipole is decreased to 37°, the simulated gain is enhanced to 14.1dBi, and the average cross polarization discrimination(XPD) within the main beam is improved by 3.3~8.5dB. To verify the antenna design, a prototype is manufactured and tested. Good agreement between the simulation and measurement results are obtained. In conclusion, the single dipole with metasurface added can replace the ordinary 1×2 array, equivalent to reduce the ordinary array size by half. The above scheme is very potential in 5G massive MIMO application.