大地电参数和地面等值厚度对地闪通道附近垂直电场的影响

doi:10.12263/DZXB.20210120

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了深入理解地闪回击电磁脉冲特性，采用时域有限差分方法计算了地闪回击200m以内地面、20m高和50m高的垂直电场.分析了大地电导率、大地相对介电常数以及地面等值厚度三个特征量对该范围内垂直电场的影响.结果表明，该范围内地面和空间垂直电场均在2~3μs的快速上升后出现时间较长的“平台”波形，“平台”高度和波头上升陡度均随回击距离和高度增加而非线性降低.50m远地面场和空间场“平台”高度随大地电导率增大分别提高和降低，10μs内最大变化5%~10%，并且此处“平台”高度随地面等值厚度增大而略有增加.大地相对介电常数对该范围内垂直电场的影响可忽略.

关键词: 地闪, 电磁脉冲, 时域有限差分, 垂直电场, 大地电参数, 地面等值厚度

Abstract:

In order to understand the characteristics of lightning electromagnetic pulse(LEMP) generated by cloud-to-ground lightning, the vertical electric fields within 200m with the different heights of ground, 20m high and 50m high were calculated by using the finite difference time domain(FDTD) method. The influences of three characteristic parameters of earth conductivity, earth relative permittivity and ground equivalent thickness on vertical electric field were analyzed. Results show that, in this range, the vertical electric field on ground and in space appears a long "platform" waveform after a rapid rise of 2~3μs. The platform height and the rise steepness of wave front decrease nonlinearly with the increase of return-stroke distance and height. The "platform" height of vertical electric fields with the return-stroke distance of 50m on ground and in space increases and decreases respectively with the increase of the earth conductivity, and the maximum change is about 5%~10% within 10μs. In addition, the "platform" height with the same return-stroke distance increases slightly with the increase of ground equivalent thickness. The influence of the earth relative permittivity on the vertical electric field in this range can be ignored.

Key words: cloud-to-ground lightning, electromagnetic pulse, FDTD, vertical electric fields, geoelectric parameters, ground equivalent thickness

中图分类号:

TM863

于建立, 程龙, 樊亚东, 张迎栋, 鲁志伟. 大地电参数和地面等值厚度对地闪通道附近垂直电场的影响[J]. 电子学报, 2022, 50(5): 1159-1166.

YU Jian-li, CHENG Long, FAN Ya-dong, ZHANG Ying-dong, LU Zhi-wei. Influence of Geoelectric Parameters and Ground Equivalent Thickness on Vertical Electric Fields Nearby the Return-Stroke Channel[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2022, 50(5): 1159-1166.

图/表 7

图1 地闪电磁脉冲物理模型图

图2 回击距离50m不同大地电导率的垂直电场

图3 回击距离200m不同大地电导率的垂直电场

图4 回击距离50m不同大地相对介电常数的垂直电场

图5 回击距离200m不同大地相对介电常数的垂直电场

图6 回击距离50m不同地面等值厚度的垂直电场

图7 回击距离200m不同地面等值厚度的垂直电场

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