电子学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 748-756.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0372-2112.2019.03.033
段克清1,3, 袁华东1, 许红2, 谢文冲1, 王永良1
收稿日期:
2018-05-08
修回日期:
2018-07-03
出版日期:
2019-03-25
作者简介:
基金资助:
DUAN Ke-qing1,3, YUAN Hua-dong1, XU Hong2, XIE Wen-chong1, WANG Yong-liang1
Received:
2018-05-08
Revised:
2018-07-03
Online:
2019-03-25
Published:
2019-03-25
摘要: 相较于传统空时自适应处理(STAP)技术,稀疏恢复(SR)STAP技术在小样本条件下杂波抑制性能显著提升,因此适用于现实非均匀杂波环境.本文首先阐述了SR STAP基本原理,分析了机载雷达杂波空时稀疏特性;然后总结了SR STAP发展历史与现状,并在此基础上针对其相关科学问题进行了探讨,包括:空时谱估计还是杂波抑制、单观测样本还是多观测样本、白化还是置零、重构算法参数依赖还是不依赖、非平稳杂波下是否适用及干扰条件下是否可行;最后给出了当前SR STAP技术走向实用化过程中所面临的关键问题,即网格失配和空域误差影响,并分别讨论了无网格压缩感知和字典自校正的解决途径.
中图分类号:
段克清, 袁华东, 许红, 谢文冲, 王永良. 稀疏恢复空时自适应处理技术研究综述[J]. 电子学报, 2019, 47(3): 748-756.
DUAN Ke-qing, YUAN Hua-dong, XU Hong, XIE Wen-chong, WANG Yong-liang. An Overview on Sparse Recovery Space-Time Adaptive Processing Technique[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2019, 47(3): 748-756.
[1] Brennan L E,Mallett J D,Reed I S.Theory of adaptive radar[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1973,9(2):237-251. [2] Reed I S,Mallett J D,Brennan L E.Rapid convergence rate in adaptive arrays[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1974,10(6):853-863. [3] Melvin W L,Shownman,G A.An approach to knowledge-aided covariance estimation[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2006,42(3):1021-1042. [4] Melvin W L,Guerci J R.Adaptive detection in dense target environments[A].IEEE National Radar Conference[C].Atlanta,GA:IEEE Press,2001.187-192. [5] Himed B,Salama Y,Michel J H.Improved detection of close proximity targets using two-step NHD[A].IEEE National Radar Conference[C].Alexandria,NA:IEEE Press,2000.781-786. [6] Wang Y,Chen J,Bao Z,et al.Robust space-time adaptive processing for airborne radar in nonhomogeneous clutter environments[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2003,39(1):70-81. [7] Guerci J,Baranoski E.Knowledge-aided adaptive radar at DARPA:An overview[J].IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,2006,23(1):41-50. [8] Klemm R.Adaptive airborne MTI:an auxiliary channel approach[J].IET Radar Sonar &Navigation,1987,134(3):269-276. [9] Wang H,Cai L.On adaptive spatial-temporal processing for airborne surveillance radar systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1994,30(3):660-670. [10] Brown R,Wicks M.A space-time adaptive processing approach for improved performance and affordability[A].IEEE National Radar Conference[C].Ann,Arbor,MI:IEEE Press,1996.321-326. [11] Haimovich A,Bar N Y.An eigenanalysis interference canceler[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1991,39(1):76-84. [12] Goldstein J S,Reed I S.Reduced rank adaptive filtering[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1997,45(2):492-496. [13] Zatman M,Marshall D.Forwards-backwards averaging for adaptive beamforming and STAP[A].Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing[C].Atlanta,GA:IEEE Press,1996.2630-2633. [14] Pillai S U,Lim Y L,Guerci J R.Generalized forward/backward subaperture smoothing techniques for sample starved STAP[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2000,48(12):3569-3574. [15] Sarkar T K,Wang H,Park S,et al.A deterministic least squares approach to space time adaptive processing (STAP)[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2001,49(1):91-103. [16] Parker P,Swindlehurst A.Space-time autoregressive filtering for matched subspace STAP[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2003,39(2):510-520. [17] Roman J R,Rangaswamy M,Davis D W,et al.Parametric adaptive matched filter for airborne radar applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2000,36(2):677-692. [18] Melvin,W,Wicks M,Antonik P,et al.Knowledge-based space-time adaptive processing for airborne early warning radar[J].IEEE AES Systems Magazine,1998,13(4):37-42 [19] Bergin J S,Teixeira C M,Techau P M,et al.Improved clutter mitigation performance using knowledge-aided space-time adaptive processing[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2006,42(3):997-1009. [20] Wu Y,Tang J,Peng Y.On the essence of knowledge-aided clutter covariance estimate and its convergence[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2011,47(1):569-585. [21] 范西昆,曲毅.知识辅助机载雷达杂波抑制方法研究进展[J].电子学报,2012,40(6):1199-1206.Fan Xi-kun,Qu Yi.An overview of knowledge-aided clutter mitigation methods for airborne radar[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2012,40(6):1199-1206.(in Chinese) [22] Donoho D L,Elad M,Temlyakov V N.Stable recovery of sparse overcomplete representations in the presence of noise[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,2016,52(1):6-18. [23] Sun K,Zhang H,Li G,et al.A novel STAP algorithm in heterogeneous[A].IEEE International Conference on Geoscience & Remote Sensing Symposium[C].Cape Town:IEEE,2009.336-339. [24] Sun K,Meng H,Wang Y,et al.Direct data domain STAP using sparse representation of clutter spectrum[J].Signal Processing,2011,91(9):2222-2236. [25] Yang Z,Li X,Wang H,et al.On clutter sparsity analysis in space-time adaptive processing airborne radar[J].IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,2013,10(5):1214-1218. [26] Maria S,Fuchs J J.Application of the global matched filter to STAP data an efficient algorithmic approach[A].Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing[C].Toulouse,France:IEEE Press,2006.14-19. [27] Selesnich I W,Pillai S U,Li K Y,et al.Angle-Doppler processing using sparse regularization[A].Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing[C].Dallas TX:IEEE Press,2010.2750-2753. [28] Parker H T,Potter L C.A Bayesian perspective on sparse regularization for STAP post-processing[A].IEEE Radar Coference[C].Washington,DC:IEEE Press,2010.1471-1475. [29] Li J,Zhu X,Stoica P,et al.High resolution angle-Doppler imaging for MTI radar[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2010,46(3):1544-1556. [30] Sen S.OFDM radar-space-time adaptive processing by exploiting spatio-temporal sparsity[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2013,61(1):118-130. [31] 孙珂,张颢,李刚,等.基于杂波谱稀疏恢复的空时自适应处理[J].电子学报,2011,39(6):1389-1393.Sun Ke,Zhang Hao,Li Gang,et al.STAP via sparse recovery of clutter spectrum[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2011,39(6):1389-1393.(in Chinese) [32] Ma Z,Liu Y,Meng H,et al.Jointly Sparse recovery of multiple snapshots in STAP[A].IEEE Radar Conference[C].Ottawa,ON:IEEE Press,2013.1-4. [33] Ma Z,Liu Y,Meng H,et al.Sparse recovery-based space-time adaptive processing with array errorself-calibration[J].Electronics Letters,2014,50(13):152-154. [34] Yang Z,de Lamare R C,Li X.L1-regularized STAP algorithms with a generalized sidelobe canceler architecture for airborne radar[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2012,60(2):674-686. [35] Yang Z,Li X,Wang H,et al.Knowledge-aided STAP with sparse-recovery by exploiting spatio-temporal sparsity[J].IET Signal Processing,2016,10(2):150-161. [36] Yang Z,Li X,Wang H,et al.Adaptive clutter suppression based on iterative adaptive approach for airborne radar[J].Signal Processing,2013,93(12):3567-3577. [37] Yang Z,de Lamare R C,Liu W.Sparsity-based STAP using alternating direction method with gain/phase errors[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2017,53(6):756-768. [38] 阳召成,黎湘,王宏强.基于空时功率谱稀疏性的空时自适应处理技术研究进展[J].电子学报,2014,42(6),1194-1204.Yang Zhao-cheng,Li Xiang,Wang Hong-qiang.An overview of space-time adaptive processing technology based on sparsity of space-time power spectrum[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2014,42(6):1194-1204.(in Chinese) [39] Yang X,Sun Y,Zeng T,et al.Fast STAP method based on PAST with sparse constraint for airborne phased array radar[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2016,64(17):4550-4561. [40] Sun Y,Yang X,Long T,et al.Robust sparse Bayesian learning STAP method for discrete interference suppression in nonhomogeneous clutter[A].IEEE Radar Conference[C].Seattle,WA:IEEE Press,2017.1003-1008. [41] Guo Y,Liao G,Feng W.Sparse representation based algorithm for airborne radar in beam-space post-Doppler reduced-dimension space-time adaptive processing[J].IEEE Access,2017,5:5896-5903. [42] Feng W,Zhang Y,He X,et,al.Cascaded clutter and jamming suppression method using sparse representation[J].Electronics Letters,2015,51(19):1524-1526. [43] Feng W,Guo Y,Zhang Y,et,al.Airborne radar space time adaptive processing based on atomic norm minimization[J].Signal Processing,2018,148:31-40. [44] Wang Z,Wang Y,Duan K,et al.Subspace-augmented clutter suppression technique for STAP radar[J].IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,2016,13(3):462-466. [45] Wang Z,Wang Y,Gao F,et al.Clutter nulling STAP algorithm based on sparse representation for airborne radar[J].IET Radar Sonar & Navigation,2017,11(1):177-184. [46] Duan K,Xie W,Chen H,et al.Sparsity-based STAP algorithm with multiple measurement vectors via sparse Bayesian learning strategy for airborne radar[J].IET Signal Processing,2017,11(5):544-553. [47] Wang Z,Xie W,Duan K,et al.Clutter suppression algorithm based on fast converging sparse Bayesian learning for airborne radar[J].Signal Processing,2017,130:159-168. [48] Duan K,Liu W,Duan G,Wang Y.Off-grid effects mitigation exploiting knowledge of the clutter ridge for sparse recovery STAP[J].IET Radar Sonar & Navigation,2018,12(5):557-564. [49] Sun H,Lu Y,Lesturgie M.Experimental investigation of iterative adaptive approach for ground moving target indication[A].IEEE Radar Conference[C].Chengdu,China:IEEE Press,2011.715-718. [50] Cotter S F,Rao B D,Engan K,et al.Sparse solutions to linear inverse problems with multiple measurement vectors[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2005,53(7):2477-2488. [51] Tropp J A,Gilbert A C,Strauss M J.Algorithms for simultaneous sparse approximation,Part I:Greedy pursuit[J].Signal Processing,2006,86:572-588. [52] Tropp J A.Algorithms for simultaneous sparse approximation,Part II:Covex relaxation[J].Signal Processing,2006,86:589-602. [53] Chen J,Huo X.Theoretical results on sparse representations of multiple-measurement vectors[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2006,54(12):4634-4643. [54] Wipf D,Rao B.An empirical Bayesian strategy for solving the simultaneous sparse approximation problem[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2007,55(7):3704-3716. [55] Tsao T,Himed B,Michels J.Effects of interference rank estimation on the detection performance of rank reduced STAP algorithms[A].IEEE Radar Conference[C].Dallas,TX:IEEE Press,1998.147-152. [56] Goodman A,Stiles J.On clutter rank observed by arbitrary arrays[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2007,55(1):178-186. [57] Tipping M E.Sparse Bayesian learning and the relevance vector machine[J].Journal of Machine Learning Research,2001,1:211-244. [58] Wipf D P,Rao B D.Sparse Bayesian learning for basis selection[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2004,52(8):2153-2164. [59] Wang Y,Peng Y,Bao Z.Space-time adaptive processing for airborne radar with various array orientations[J].IET Radar Sonar & Navigation,1997,144(6):330-340. [60] Duan K,Xie W,Wang Y.Nonstationary clutter suppression for airborne conformal array radar[J].Science China Information Sciences,2011,54(10):2170-2177. [61] Meng X,Wang T,Wu J,et al.Short-range clutter suppression for airborne radar by utilizing prefiltering in elevation[J].IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,2009,6(2):268-272. [62] 段克清,谢文冲,陈辉,等.基于俯仰维信息的机载雷达非均匀杂波抑制方法[J].电子学报,2011,39(3):585-590.Duan Ke-qing,Xie Wen-chong,Chen Hui,et al.Elevation-based methods for nonhomogeneous clutter suppression in airborne radar[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2011,39(3):585-590.(in Chinese) [63] Wu J,Wang T,Meng X,et al.Clutter suppression for airborne nonsidelooking radar using ERCB-STAP algorithm[J].IET Radar,Sonar & Navigation,2012,6(9):497-506. [64] Shen M,Meng X,Zhang L.Efficient adaptive approach for airborne radar short-range clutter suppression[J].IET Radar,Sonar & Navigation,2012,6(9):900-904. [65] Yang Z,Xie L H.On grid sparse methods for line spectral estimation from complete and incomplete data. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2015,63(12):3139-3153. [66] Candés E J,Fernandez-Granda C.Towards a mathematical theory of super-resolution[J].Communications on Pure &Applied Mathematics,2014,67(6):906-956. [67] Tang G G,Bhaskar B N,Shah P,Recht B.Compressed sensing on the grid[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,2013,59(11):7465-7490. [68] Bhaskar B N,Tang G G,Recht B.Atomic norm denoising with applications to line spectral estimation[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2013,61(23):5987-5999. [69] Xenaki A,Gerstoft P.Grid-free compressive beamforming[J].Acoustical Society of America,2015,137(4):1923-1935. [70] Li Y,Chi Y.Off-the-grid line spectrum denoising and estimation with multiple measurement vectors[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2016,64(5):1257-1269. [71] Fannjiang A,Tseng H C.Compressive radar with off-grid targets:a perturbation approach[J].Inverse Problems 2012,29(5):1-23. [72] Prünte L.Off-grid compressed sensing for GMTI using SAR images[A].Proceedings of 2013 International Conference on Signal Processing with Adaptive Sparse Structured Representations[C].Lausanne,Switzerland:CADMOS,2013.248-251. [73] Sun K,Liu Y M,Meng H D,et al.Adaptive sparse representation for source localization with gain/phase errors[J].Sensors,2011,11(5):4780-4793. [74] Zhao L F,Bi G A,Wang L,et al.An improved auto-calibration algorithm based on sparse Bayesian learning framework[J].IEEE Signal Processing Letters,2013,20(9):889-892. [75] Liu A F,Baker C J,Gao C C.Robust space-time adaptive processing for nonhomogeneous clutter in the presence of model errors[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2016,52(1):155-168. |
[1] | 李淑慧, 邓志红, 冯肖雪, 潘峰. 强杂波背景下基于变分贝叶斯推理的机载雷达目标跟踪算法[J]. 电子学报, 2022, 50(5): 1089-1097. |
[2] | 王洪雁, 周贺. 改善MIMO-STAP检测性能的收发空时资源配置方法[J]. 电子学报, 2022, 50(11): 2619-2628. |
[3] | 韩超垒, 杨志伟, 张庆君, 廖桂生, 何鹏远. 距离-多普勒-频带域3D-AWP-MRF分类辅助的SAR-GMTI杂波抑制方法[J]. 电子学报, 2021, 49(12): 2339-2348. |
[4] | 赵岐诚. 论电磁兼容性设计理念[J]. 电子学报, 2020, 48(2): 238-242. |
[5] | 位寅生, 周希波, 刘佳俊. 稳健的基于参数化协方差矩阵估计的空时自适应处理方法[J]. 电子学报, 2019, 47(9): 1943-1950. |
[6] | 周必雷, 王永良, 段克清, 戴凌燕, 李荣锋, 陈风波. 一种主瓣干扰环境下的雷达目标参数“同维”稀疏估计方法[J]. 电子学报, 2019, 47(6): 1201-1208. |
[7] | 郑晨, 席晓莉, 宋忠国, 王梦蕾. 基于子空间技术中奇异向量分析的穿墙雷达杂波抑制方法[J]. 电子学报, 2019, 47(4): 848-854. |
[8] | 郑晨, 席晓莉, 宋忠国. 基于延迟锁定环跟踪对消技术的穿墙雷达杂波抑制[J]. 电子学报, 2018, 46(9): 2181-2187. |
[9] | 谌诗娃, 周青松, 张剑云, 毛云祥. 对空时自适应处理雷达的投散射式伪杂波干扰方法信号特性分析[J]. 电子学报, 2018, 46(2): 401-409. |
[10] | 谌诗娃, 张剑云, 周青松, 朱家兵. 对空时二维自适应处理雷达的投散射宽时限扫频式干扰技术研究[J]. 电子学报, 2017, 45(6): 1349-1355. |
[11] | 周延, 姜博, 聂卫科, 张万绪. 空域分解的机载MIMO雷达空时处理方法[J]. 电子学报, 2017, 45(10): 2348-2354. |
[12] | 高志奇, 陶海红, 赵继超. 基于联合稀疏功率谱恢复的机载雷达稳健STAP算法研究[J]. 电子学报, 2016, 44(11): 2796-2801. |
[13] | 晏艺翡, 廖桂生, 杨志伟. 一种利用目标微动特性提高SAR-MMTI检测性能的方法[J]. 电子学报, 2015, 43(6): 1050-1057. |
[14] | 王泽涛, 段克清, 谢文冲, 王永良. 基于SA-MUSIC理论的联合稀疏恢复STAP算法[J]. 电子学报, 2015, 43(5): 846-853. |
[15] | 陈功, 谢文冲, 王永良. 基于空时联合约束的机载雷达STAP单脉冲角度估计方法[J]. 电子学报, 2015, 43(3): 489-495. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||